LIS

Administrative Code

Virginia Administrative Code
6/15/2025

12VAC5-481-3680. Assigned protection factors for respirators.

Operating mode

Assigned Protection Factors

I. Air Purifying Respirators (Particulateb only)c:

Filtering facepiece disposabled

Negative Pressure

(d)

Facepiece, halfe

Negative Pressure

10

Facepiece, full

Negative Pressure

100

Facepiece, half

Powered air-purifying respirators

50

Facepiece, full

Powered air-purifying respirators

1000

Helmet/hood

Powered air-purifying respirators

1000

Facepiece, loose-fitting

Powered air-purifying respirators

25

II. Atmosphere-supplying respirators (particulate, gases and vaporsf):

1. Air-line respirator:

Facepiece, half

Demand

10

Facepiece, half

Continuous Flow

50

Facepiece, half

Pressure Demand

50

Facepiece, full

Demand

100

Facepiece, full

Continuous Flow

1000

Facepiece, full

Pressure Demand

1000

Helmet/hood

Continuous Flow

1000

Facepiece, loose-fitting

Continuous Flow

25

Suit

Continuous Flow

(g)

2. Self-contained breathing Apparatus (SCBA):

Facepiece, full

Demand

h100

Facepiece, full

Pressure Demand

i10,000

Facepiece, full

Demand, Recirculating

h100

Facepiece, full

Positive Pressure Recirculating

i10,000

III. Combination Respirators:

Any combination of air-purifying and atmosphere-supplying respirators

Assigned protection factor for type and mode of operation as listed above.

aThese assigned protection factors apply only in a respiratory protection program that meets the requirements of this section. They are applicable only to airborne radiological hazards and may not be appropriate to circumstances when chemical or other respiratory hazards exist instead of, or in addition to, radioactive hazards. Selection and use of respirators for such circumstances shall also comply with Department of Labor regulations.

Radioactive contaminants for which the concentration values in Table 1, Column 3 of Appendix B to 10 CFR Part 20 are based on internal dose due to inhalation may, in addition, present external exposure hazards at higher concentrations. Under these circumstances, limitations on occupancy may have to be governed by external dose limits.

bAir purifying respirators with APF <100 shall be equipped with particulate filters that are at least 95% efficient. Air purifying respirators with APF = 100 shall be equipped with particulate filters that are at least 99% efficient. Air purifying respirators with APFs >100 shall be equipped with particulate filters that are at least 99.97% efficient.

cThe licensee may apply to VDH for the use of an APF greater than 1 for absorbent cartridges as protection against airborne radioactive gases and vapors (e.g., radioiodine).

dLicensees may permit individuals to use this type of respirator who have not been medically screened or fit tested on the device provided that no credit be taken for their use in estimating intake or dose. It is also recognized that it is difficult to perform an effective positive or negative pressure pre-use user seal check on this type of device. All other respiratory protection program requirements listed in 12VAC5-481-820 apply. An assigned protection factor has not been assigned for these devices. However, an APF equal to 10 may be used if the licensee can demonstrate a fit factor of at least 100 by use of a validated or evaluated, qualitative or quantitative fit test.

eUnder-chin type only. No distinction is made in this section between elastomeric half-masks with replaceable cartridges and those designed with the filter medium as an integral part of the facepiece (e.g., disposable or reusable disposable). Both types are acceptable so long as the seal area of the latter contains some substantial type of seal-enhancing material such as rubber or plastic, the two or more suspension straps are adjustable, the filter medium is at least 95 percent efficient and all other requirements of this section are met.

fThe assigned protection factors for gases and vapors are not applicable to radioactive contaminants that present an absorption or submersion hazard. For tritium oxide vapor, approximately one-third of the intake occurs by absorption through the skin so that an overall protection factor of 3 is appropriate when atmosphere-supplying respirators are used to protect against tritium oxide. Exposure to radioactive noble gases is not considered a significant respiratory hazard, and protective actions for these contaminants should be based on external (submersion) dose considerations.

gNo NIOSH approval schedule is currently available for atmosphere supplying suits. This equipment may be used in an acceptable respiratory protection program as long as all the other minimum program requirements, with the exception of fit testing, are met (i.e., 12VAC5-481-820).

hThe licensee should implement institutional controls to assure that these devices are not used in areas immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH).

iThis type of respirator may be used as an emergency device in unknown concentrations for protection against inhalation hazards. External radiation hazards and other limitations to permitted exposure such as skin absorption shall be taken into account in these circumstances. This device may not be used by any individual who experiences perceptible outward leakage of breathing gas while wearing the device.

Statutory Authority

§ 32.1-229 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 18, eff. June 12, 2008; amended, Virginia Register Volume 32, Issue 24, eff. August 25, 2016.

12VAC5-481-3690. (Repealed.)

Historical Notes

Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 18, eff. June 12, 2008; repealed, Virginia Register Volume 32, Issue 24, eff. August 25, 2016.

12VAC5-481-3700. Quantities of licensed materials requiring labeling.

Radionuclide

Abbreviation

Quantity (μCi)

Hydrogen-3

H-3

1,000

Beryllium-7

Be-7

1,000

Beryllium-10

Be-10

1

Carbon-11

C-11

1,000

Carbon-14

C-14

100

Fluorine-18

F-18

1,000

Sodium-22

Na-22

10

Sodium-24

Na-24

100

Magnesium-28

Mg-28

100

Aluminum-26

Al-26

10

Silicon-31

Si-31

1,000

Silicon-32

Si-32

1

Phosphorus-32

P-32

10

Phosphorus-33

P-33

100

Sulfur-35

S-35

100

Chlorine-36

Cl-36

10

Chlorine-38

Cl-38

1,000

Chlorine-39

Cl-39

1,000

Argon-39

Ar-39

1,000

Argon-41

Ar-41

1,000

Potassium-40

K-40

100

Potassium-42

K-42

1,000

Potassium-43

K-43

1,000

Potassium-44

K-44

1,000

Potassium-45

K-45

1,000

Calcium-41

Ca-41

100

Calcium-45

Ca-45

100

Calcium-47

Ca-47

100

Scandium-43

Sc-43

1,000

Scandium-44m

Sc-44m

100

Scandium-44

Sc-44

100

Scandium-46

Sc-46

10

Scandium-47

Sc-47

100

Scandium-48

Sc-48

100

Scandium-49

Sc-49

1,000

Titanium-44

Ti-44

1

Titanium-45

Ti-45

1,000

Vanadium-47

V-47

1,000

Vanadium-48

V-48

100

Vanadium-49

V-49

1,000

Chromium-48

Cr-48

1,000

Chromium-49

Cr-49

1,000

Chromium-51

Cr-51

1,000

Manganese-51

Mn-51

1,000

Manganese-52m

Mn-52m

1,000

Manganese-52

Mn-52

100

Manganese-53

Mn-53

1,000

Manganese-54

Mn-54

100

Manganese-56

Mn-56

1,000

Iron-52

Fe-52

100

Iron-55

Fe-55

100

Iron-59

Fe-59

10

Iron-60

Fe-60

1

Cobalt-55

Co-55

100

Cobalt-56

Co-56

10

Cobalt-57

Co-57

100

Cobalt-58m

Co-58m

1,000

Cobalt-58

Co-58

100

Cobalt-60m

Co-60m

1,000

Cobalt-60

Co-60

1

Cobalt-61

Co-61

1,000

Cobalt-62m

Co-62m

1,000

Nickel-56

Ni-56

100

Nickel-57

Ni-57

100

Nickel-59

Ni-59

100

Nickel-63

Ni-63

100

Nickel-65

Ni-65

1,000

Nickel-66

Ni-66

10

Copper-60

Cu-60

1,000

Copper-61

Cu-61

1,000

Copper-64

Cu-64

1,000

Copper-67

Cu-67

1,000

Zinc-62

Zn-62

100

Zinc-63

Zn-63

1,000

Zinc-65

Zn-65

10

Zinc-69m

Zn-69m

100

Zinc-69

Zn-69

1,000

Zinc-71m

Zn-71m

1,000

Zinc-72

Zn-72

100

Gallium-65

Ga-65

1,000

Gallium-66

Ga-66

100

Gallium-67

Ga-67

1,000

Gallium-68

Ga-68

1,000

Gallium-70

Ga-70

1,000

Gallium-72

Ga-72

100

Gallium-73

Ga-73

1,000

Germanium-66

Ge-66

1,000

Germanium-67

Ge-67

1,000

Germanium-68

Ge-68

10

Germanium-69

Ge-69

1,000

Germanium-71

Ge-71

1,000

Germanium-75

Ge-75

1,000

Germanium-77

Ge-77

1,000

Germanium-78

Ge-78

1,000

Arsenic-69

As-69

1,000

Arsenic-70

As-70

1,000

Arsenic-71

As-71

100

Arsenic-72

As-72

100

Arsenic-73

As-73

100

Arsenic-74

As-74

100

Arsenic-76

As-76

100

Arsenic-77

As-77

100

Arsenic-78

As-78

1,000

Selenium-70

Se-70

1,000

Selenium-73m

Se-73m

1,000

Selenium-73

Se-73

100

Selenium-75

Se-75

100

Selenium-79

Se-79

100

Selenium-81m

Se-81m

1,000

Selenium-81

Se-81

1,000

Selenium-83

Se-83

1,000

Bromine-74m

Br-74m

1,000

Bromine-74

Br-74

1,000

Bromine-75

Br-75

1,000

Bromine-76

Br-76

100

Bromine-77

Br-77

1,000

Bromine-80m

Br-80m

1,000

Bromine-80

Br-80

1,000

Bromine-82

Br-82

100

Bromine-83

Br-83

1,000

Bromine-84

Br-84

1,000

Krypton-74

Kr-74

1,000

Krypton-76

Kr-76

1,000

Krypton-77

Kr-77

1,000

Krypton-79

Kr-79

1,000

Krypton-81

Kr-81

1,000

Krypton-83m

Kr-83m

1,000

Krypton-85m

Kr-85m

1,000

Krypton-85

Kr-85

1,000

Krypton-87

Kr-87

1,000

Krypton-88

Kr-88

1,000

Rubidium-79

Rb-79

1,000

Rubidium-81m

Rb-81m

1,000

Rubidium-81

Rb-81

1,000

Rubidium-82m

Rb-82m

1,000

Rubidium-83

Rb-83

100

Rubidium-84

Rb-84

100

Rubidium-86

Rb-86

100

Rubidium-87

Rb-87

100

Rubidium-88

Rb-88

1,000

Rubidium-89

Rb-89

1,000

Strontium-80

Sr-80

100

Strontium-81

Sr-81

1,000

Strontium-83

Sr-83

100

Strontium-85m

Sr-85m

1,000

Strontium-85

Sr-85

100

Strontium-87m

Sr-87m

1,000

Strontium-89

Sr-89

10

Strontium-90

Sr-90

0.1

Strontium-91

Sr-91

100

Strontium-92

Sr-92

100

Yttrium-86m

Y-86m

1,000

Yttrium-86

Y-86

100

Yttrium-87

Y-87

100

Yttrium-88

Y-88

10

Yttrium-90m

Y-90m

1,000

Yttrium-90

Y-90

10

Yttrium-91m

Y-91m

1,000

Yttrium-91

Y-91

10

Yttrium-92

Y-92

100

Yttrium-93

Y-93

100

Yttrium-94

Y-94

1,000

Yttrium-95

Y-95

1,000

Zirconium-86

Zr-86

100

Zirconium-88

Zr-88

10

Zirconium-89

Zr-89

100

Zirconium-93

Zr-93

1

Zirconium-95

Zr-95

10

Zirconium-97

Zr-97

100

Niobium-88

Nb-88

1,000

Niobium-89m (66 min)

Nb-89m

1,000

Niobium-89 (122 min)

Nb-89

1,000

Niobium-90

Nb-90

100

Niobium-93m

Nb-93m

10

Niobium-94

Nb-94

1

Niobium-95m

Nb-95m

100

Niobium-95

Nb-95

100

Niobium-96

Nb-96

100

Niobium-97

Nb-97

1,000

Niobium-98

Nb-98

1,000

Molybdenum-90

Mo-90

100

Molybdenum-93m

Mo-93m

100

Molybdenum-93

Mo-93

10

Molybdenum-99

Mo-99

100

Molybdenum-101

Mo-101

1,000

Technetium-93m

Tc-93m

1,000

Technetium-93

Tc-93

1,000

Technetium-94m

Tc-94m

1,000

Technetium-94

Tc-94

1,000

Technetium-96m

Tc-96

1,000

Technetium-96

Tc-96

100

Technetium-97m

Tc-97m

100

Technetium-97

Tc-97

1,000

Technetium-98

Tc-98

10

Technetium-99m

Tc-99m

1,000

Technetium-99

Tc-99

100

Technetium-101

Tc-101

1,000

Technetium-104

Tc-104

1,000

Ruthenium-94

Ru-94

1,000

Ruthenium-97

Ru-97

1,000

Ruthenium-103

Ru-103

100

Ruthenium-105

Ru-105

1,000

Ruthenium-106

Ru-106

1

Rhodium-99m

Rh-99m

1,000

Rhodium-99

Rh-99

100

Rhodium-100

Rh-100

100

Rhodium-101m

Rh-101m

1,000

Rhodium-101

Rh-101

10

Rhodium-102m

Rh-102m

10

Rhodium-102

Rh-102

10

Rhodium-103m

Rh-103m

1,000

Rhodium-105

Rh-105

100

Rhodium-106m

Rh-106m

1,000

Rhodium-107

Rh-107

1,000

Palladium-100

Pd-100

100

Palladium-101

Pd-101

1,000

Palladium-103

Pd-103

100

Palladium-107

Pd-107

10

Palladium-109

Pd-109

100

Silver-102

Ag-102

1,000

Silver-103

Ag-103

1,000

Silver-104m

Ag-104m

1,000

Silver-104

Ag-104

1,000

Silver-105

Ag-105

100

Silver-106m

Ag-106m

100

Silver-106

Ag-106

1,000

Silver-108m

Ag-108m

1

Silver-110m

Ag-110m

10

Silver-111

Ag-111

100

Silver-112

Ag-112

100

Silver-115

Ag-115

1,000

Cadmium-104

Cd-104

1,000

Cadmium-107

Cd-107

1,000

Cadmium-109

Cd-109

1

Cadmium-113m

Cd-113m

0.1

Cadmium-113

Cd-113

100

Cadmium-115m

Cd-115m

10

Cadmium-115

Cd-115

100

Cadmium-117m

Cd-117m

1,000

Cadmium-117

Cd-117

1,000

Indium-109

In-109

1,000

Indium-110 (69.1 min.)

In-110

1,000

Indium-110 (4.9h)

In-110

1,000

Indium-111

In-111

100

Indium-112

In-112

1,000

Indium-113m

In-113m

1,000

Indium-114m

In-114m

10

Indium-115m

In-115m

1,000

Indium-115

In-115

100

Indium-116m

In-116m

1,000

Indium-117m

In-117m

1,000

Indium-117

In-117

1,000

Indium-119m

In-119m

1,000

Tin-110

Sn-110

100

Tin-111

Sn-111

1,000

Tin-113

Sn-113

100

Tin-117m

Sn-117m

100

Tin-119m

Sn-119m

100

Tin-121m

Sn-121m

100

Tin-121

Sn-121

1,000

Tin-123m

Sn-123m

1,000

Tin-123

Sn-123

10

Tin-125

Sn-125

10

Tin-126

Sn-126

10

Tin-127

Sn-127

1,000

Tin-128

Sn-128

1,000

Antimony-115

Sb-115

1,000

Antimony-116m

Sb-116m

1,000

Antimony-116

Sb-116

1,000

Antimony-117

Sb-117

1,000

Antimony-118m

Sb-118m

1,000

Antimony-119

Sb-119

1,000

Antimony-120 (16 min.)

Sb-120

1,000

Antimony-120 (5.76d)

Sb-120

100

Antimony-122

Sb-122

100

Antimony-124m

Sb-124m

1,000

Antimony-124

Sb-124

10

Antimony-125

Sb-125

100

Antimony-126m

Sb-126m

1,000

Antimony-126

Sb-126

100

Antimony-127

Sb-127

100

Antimony-128 (10.4 min.)

Sb-128

1,000

Antimony-128 (9.01h)

Sb-128

100

Antimony-129

Sb-129

100

Antimony-130

Sb-130

1,000

Antimony-131

Sb-131

1,000

Tellurium-116

Te-116

1,000

Tellurium-121m

Te-121m

10

Tellurium-121

Te-121

100

Tellurium-123m

Te-123m

10

Tellurium-123

Te-123

100

Tellurium-125m

Te-125m

10

Tellurium-127m

Te-127m

10

Tellurium-127

Te-127

1,000

Tellurium-129m

Te-129m

10

Tellurium-129

Te-129

1,000

Tellurium-131m

Te-131m

10

Tellurium-131

Te-131

100

Tellurium-132

Te-132

10

Tellurium-133m

Te-133m

100

Tellurium-133

Te-133

1,000

Tellurium-134

Te-134

1,000

Iodine-120m

I-120m

1,000

Iodine-120

I-120

100

Iodine-121

I-121

1,000

Iodine-123

I-123

100

Iodine-124

I-124

10

Iodine-125

I-125

1

Iodine-126

I-126

1

Iodine-128

I-128

1,000

Iodine-129

I-129

1

Iodine-130

I-130

10

Iodine-131

I-131

1

Iodine-132m

I-132m

100

Iodine-132

I-132

100

Iodine-133

I-133

10

Iodine-134

I-134

1,000

Iodine-135

I-135

100

Xenon-120

Xe-120

1,000

Xenon-121

Xe-121

1,000

Xenon-122

Xe-122

1,000

Xenon-123

Xe-123

1,000

Xenon-125

Xe-125

1,000

Xenon-127

Xe-127

1,000

Xenon-129m

Xe-129m

1,000

Xenon-131m

Xe-131m

1,000

Xenon-133m

Xe-133m

1,000

Xenon-133

Xe-133

1,000

Xenon-135m

Xe-135m

1,000

Xenon-135

Xe-135

1,000

Xenon-138

Xe-138

1,000

Cesium-125

Cs-125

1,000

Cesium-127

Cs-127

1,000

Cesium-129

Cs-129

1,000

Cesium-130

Cs-130

1,000

Cesium-131

Cs-131

1,000

Cesium-132

Cs-132

100

Cesium-134m

Cs-134m

1,000

Cesium-134

Cs-134

10

Cesium-135m

Cs-135m

1,000

Cesium-135

Cs-135

100

Cesium-136

Cs-136

10

Cesium-137

Cs-137

10

Cesium-138

Cs-138

1,000

Barium-126

Ba-126

1,000

Barium-128

B-128

100

Barium-131m

Ba-131m

1,000

Barium-131

Ba-131

100

Barium-133m

Ba-133m

100

Barium-133

Ba-133

100

Barium-135m

Ba-135m

100

Barium-139

Ba-139

1,000

Barium-140

Ba-140

100

Barium-141

Ba-141

1,000

Barium-142

Ba-142

1,000

Lanthanum-131

La-131

1,000

Lanthanum-132

La-132

100

Lanthanum-135

La-135

1,000

Lanthanum-137

La-137

10

Lanthanum-138

La-138

100

Lanthanum-140

La-140

100

Lanthanum-141

La-141

100

Lanthanum-142

La-142

1,000

Lanthanum-143

La-143

1,000

Cerium-134

Ce-134

100

Cerium-135

Ce-135

100

Cerium-137m

Ce-137m

100

Cerium-137

Ce-137

1,000

Cerium-139

Ce-139

100

Cerium-141

Ce-141

100

Cerium-143

Ce-143

100

Cerium-144

Ce-144

1

Praseodymium-136

Pr-136

1,000

Praseodymium-137

Pr-137

1,000

Praseodymium-138m

Pe-138m

1,000

Praseodymium-139

Pe-139

1,000

Praseodymium-142m

Pe-142m

1,000

Praseodymium-142

Pe-142

100

Praseodymium-143

Pe-143

100

Praseodymium-144

Pe-144

1,000

Praseodymium-145

Pe-145

100

Praseodymium-147

Pe-147

1,000

Neodymium-136

Nd-136

1,000

Neodymium-138

Nd-138

100

Neodymium-139m

Nd-139m

1,000

Neodymium-139

Nd-139

1,000

Neodymium-141

Nd-141

1,000

Neodymium-147

Nd-147

100

Neodymium-149

Nd-149

1,000

Neodymium-151

Nd-151

1,000

Promethium-141

Pm-141

1,000

Promethium-143

Pm-143

100

Promethium-144

Pm-144

10

Promethium-145

Pm-145

10

Promethium-146

Pm-146

1

Promethium-147

Pm-147

10

Promethium-148m

Pm-148m

10

Promethium-148

Pm-148

10

Promethium-149

Pm-149

100

Promethium-150

Pm-150

1,000

Promethium-151

Pm-151

100

Samarium-141m

Sm-141m

1,000

Samarium-141

Sm-141

1,000

Samarium-142

Sm-142

1,000

Samarium-145

Sm-145

100

Samarium-146

Sm-146

1

Samarium-147

Sm-147

100

Samarium-151

Sm-151

10

Samarium-153

Sm-153

100

Samarium-155

Sm-155

1,000

Samarium-156

Sm-156

1,000

Europium-145

Eu-145

100

Europium-146

Eu-146

100

Europium-147

Eu-147

100

Europium-148

Eu-148

10

Europium-149

Eu-149

100

Europium-150 (12.62h)

Eu-150

100

Europium-150 (34.2y)

Eu-150

1

Europium-152m

Eu-152m

100

Europium-152

Eu-152

1

Europium-154

Eu-154

1

Europium-155

Eu-155

10

Europium-156

Eu-156

100

Europium-157

Eu-157

100

Europium-158

Eu-158

1,000

Gadolinium-145

Gd-145

1,000

Gadolinium-146

Gd-146

10

Gadolinium-147

Gd-147

100

Gadolinium-148

Gd-148

0.001

Gadolinium-149

Gd-149

100

Gadolinium-151

Gd-151

10

Gadolinium-152

Gd-152

100

Gadolinium-153

Gd-153

10

Gadolinium-159

Gd-159

100

Terbium-147

Tb-147

1,000

Terbium-149

Tb-149

100

Terbium-150

Tb-150

1,000

Terbium-151

Tb-151

100

Terbium-153

Tb-153

1,000

Terbium-154

Tb-154

100

Terbium-155

Tb-155

1,000

Terbium-156m (5.0h)

Tb-156m

1,000

Terbium-156m (24.4h)

Tb-156m

1,000

Terbium-156

Tb-156

100

Terbium-157

Tb-157

10

Terbium-158

Tb-158

1

Terbium-160

Tb-160

10

Terbium-161

Tb-161

100

Dysprosium-155

Dy-155

1,000

Dysprosium-157

Dy-157

1,000

Dysprosium-159

Dy-159

100

Dysprosium-165

Dy-165

1,000

Dysprosium-166

Dy-166

100

Holmium-155

Ho-155

1,000

Holmium-157

Ho-157

1,000

Holmium-159

Ho-159

1,000

Holmium-161

Ho-161

1,000

Holmium-162m

Ho-162m

1,000

Holmium-162

Ho-162

1,000

Holmium-164m

Hp-164m

1,000

Holmium-164

Ho-164

1,000

Holmium-166m

Ho-166m

1

Holmium-166

Ho-166

100

Holmium-167

Ho-167

1,000

Erbium-161

Er-161

1,000

Erbium-165

Er-165

1,000

Erbium-169

Er-169

100

Erbium-171

Er-171

100

Erbium-172

Er-172

100

Thulium-162

Tm-162

1,000

Thulium-166

Tm-166

100

Thulium-167

Tm-167

100

Thulium-170

Tm-170

10

Thulium-171

Tm-171

10

Thulium-172

Tm-172

100

Thulium-173

Tm-173

100

Thulium-175

Tm-175

1,000

Ytterbium-162

Yb-162

1,000

Ytterbium-166

Yb-166

100

Ytterbium-167

Yb-167

1,000

Ytterbium-169

Yb-169

100

Ytterbium-175

Yb-175

100

Ytterbium-177

Yb-177

1,000

Ytterbium-178

Yb-178

1,000

Lutetium-169

Lu-169

100

Lutetium-170

Lu-170

100

Lutetium-171

Lu-171

100

Lutetium-172

Lu-172

100

Lutetium-173

Lu-173

10

Lutetium-174m

Lu-174m

10

Lutetium-174

Lu-174

10

Lutetium-176m

Lu-176m

1,000

Lutetium-176

Lu-176

100

Lutetium-177m

Lu-177m

10

Lutetium-177

Lu-177

100

Lutetium-178m

Lu-178m

1,000

Lutetium-178

Lu-178

1,000

Lutetium-179

Lu-179

1,000

Hafnium-170

Hf-170

100

Hafnium-172

Hf-172

1

Hafnium-173

Hf-173

1,000

Hafnium-175

Hf-175

100

Hafnium-177m

Hf-177m

1,000

Hafnium-178m

Hf-178m

0.1

Hafnium-179m

Hf-179m

10

Hafnium-180m

Hf-180m

1,000

Hafnium-181

Hf-181

10

Hafnium-182m

Hf-182m

1,000

Hafnium-182

Hf-182

0.1

Hafnium-183

Hf-183

1,000

Hafnium-184

Hf-184

100

Tantalum-172

Ta-172

1,000

Tantalum-173

Ta-173

1,000

Tantalum-174

Ta-174

1,000

Tantalum-175

Ta-175

1,000

Tantalum-176

Ta-176

100

Tantalum-177

Ta-177

1,000

Tantalum-178

Ta-178

1,000

Tantalum-179

Ta-179

100

Tantalum-180m

Ta-180m

1,000

Tantalum-180

Ta-180

100

Tantalum-182m

Ta-182m

1,000

Tantalum-182

Ta-182

10

Tantalum-183

Ta-183

100

Tantalum-184

Ta-184

100

Tantalum-185

Ta-185

1,000

Tantalum-186

Ta-186

1,000

Tungsten-176

W-176

1,000

Tungsten-177

W-177

1,000

Tungsten-178

W-178

1,000

Tungsten-179

W-179

1,000

Tungsten-181

W-181

1,000

Tungsten-185

W-185

100

Tungsten-187

W-187

100

Tungsten-188

W-188

10

Rhenium-177

Re-177

1,000

Rhenium-178

Re-178

1,000

Rhenium-181

Re-181

1,000

Rhenium-182 (12.7h)

Re-182

1,000

Rhenium-182 (64.0h)

Re-182

100

Rhenium-184m

Re-184m

10

Rhenium-184

Re-184

100

Rhenium-186m

Re-186m

10

Rhenium-186

Re-186

100

Rhenium-187

Re-187

1,000

Rhenium-188m

Re-188m

1,000

Rhenium-188

Re-188

100

Rhenium-189

Re-189

100

Osmium-180

Os-180

1,000

Osmium-181

Os-181

1,000

Osmium-182

Os-182

100

Osmium-185

Os-185

100

Osmium-189m

Os-189m

1,000

Osmium-191m

Os-191m

1,000

Osmium-191

Os-191

100

Osmium-193

Os-193

100

Osmium-194

Os-194

1

Iridium-182

Ir-182

1,000

Iridium-184

Ir-184

1,000

Iridium-185

Ir-185

1,000

Iridium-186

Ir-186

100

Iridium-187

Ir-187

1,000

Iridium-188

Ir-188

100

Iridium-189

Ir-189

100

Iridium-190m

Ir-190m

1,000

Iridium-190

Ir-190

100

Iridium-192 (73.8d)

Ir-192

1

Iridium-192m (1.4 min.)

Ir-192m

10

Iridium-194m

Ir-194m

10

Iridium-194

Ir-194

100

Iridium-195m

Ir-195m

1,000

Iridium-195

Ir-95

1,000

Platinum-186

Pt-186

1,000

Platinum-188

Pt-188

100

Platinum-189

Pt-189

1,000

Platinum-191

Pt-191

100

Platinum-193m

Pt-193m

100

Platinum-193

Pt-193

1,000

Platinum-195m

Pt-195m

100

Platinum-197m

Pt-197m

1,000

Platinum-197

Pt-197

100

Platinum-199

Pt-199

1,000

Platinum-200

Pt-200

100

Gold-193

Au-193

1,000

Gold-194

Au-194

100

Gold-195

Au-195

10

Gold-198m

Au-198m

100

Gold-198

Au-198

100

Gold-199

Au-199

100

Gold-200m

Au-200m

100

Gold-200

Au-200

1,000

Gold-201

Au-201

1,000

Mercury-193m

Hg-193m

100

Mercury-193

Hg-193

1,000

Mercury-194

Hg-194

1

Mercury-195m

Hg-195m

100

Mercury-195

Hg-195

1,000

Mercury-197m

Hg-197m

100

Mercury-197

Hg-197

1,000

Mercury-199m

Hg-199m

1,000

Mercury-203

Hg-203

100

Thallium-194m

Tl-194m

1,000

Thallium-194

Tl-194

1,000

Thallium-195

Tl-195

1,000

Thallium-197

Tl-197

1,000

Thallium-198m

Tl-198m

1,000

Thallium-198

Tl-198

1,000

Thallium-199

Tl-199

1,000

Thallium-200

Tl-200

1,000

Thallium-201

Tl-201

1,000

Thallium-202

Tl-202

100

Thallium-204

Tl-204

100

Lead-195m

Pb-195m

1,000

Lead-198

Pb-198

1,000

Lead-199

Pb-199

1,000

Lead-200

Pb-200

100

Lead-201

Pb-201

1,000

Lead-202m

Pb-202m

1,000

Lead-202

Pb-202

10

Lead-203

Pb-203

1,000

Lead-205

Pb-205

100

Lead-209

Pb-209

1,000

Lead-210

Pb-210

0.01

Lead-211

Pb-211

100

Lead-212

Pb-212

1

Lead-214

Pb-214

100

Bismuth-200

Bi-200

1,000

Bismuth-201

Bi-201

1,000

Bismuth-202

Bi-202

1,000

Bismuth-203

Bi-203

100

Bismuth-205

Bi-205

100

Bismuth-206

Bi-206

100

Bismuth-207

Bi-207

10

Bismuth-210m

Bi-210m

0.1

Bismuth-210

Bi-210

1

Bismuth-212

Bi-212

10

Bismuth-213

Bi-213

10

Bismuth-214

Bi-214

100

Polonium-203

Po-203

1,000

Polonium-205

Po-205

1,000

Polonium-207

Po-207

1,000

Polonium-210

Po-210

0.1

Astatine-207

At-207

100

Astatine-211

At-211

10

Radon-220

Rn-220

1

Radon-222

Rn-222

1

Francium-222

Fr-222

100

Francium-223

Fr-223

100

Radium-223

Ra-223

0.1

Radium-224

Ra-224

0.1

Radium-225

Ra-225

0.1

Radium-226

Ra-226

0.1

Radium-227

Ra-227

1,000

Radium-228

Ra-228

0.1

Actinium-224

Ac-224

1

Actinium-225

Ac-225

0.01

Actinium-226

Ac-226

0.1

Actinium-227

Ac-227

0.001

Actinium-228

Ac-228

1

Thorium-226

Th-226

10

Thorium-227

Th-227

0.01

Thorium-228

Th-228

0.001

Thorium-229

Th-229

0.001

Thorium-230

Th-230

0.001

Thorium-231

Th-231

100

Thorium-232

Th-232

100

Thorium-234

Th-234

10

Thorium-natural

100

Protactinium-227

Pa-227

10

Protactinium-228

Pa-228

1

Protactinium-230

Pa-230

0.1

Protactinium-231

Pa-231

0.001

Protactinium-232

Pa-232

1

Protactinium-233

Pa-233

100

Protactinium-234

Pa-234

100

Uranium-230

U-230

0.01

Uranium-231

U-231

100

Uranium-232

U-232

0.001

Uranium-233

U-233

0.001

Uranium-234

U-234

0.001

Uranium-235

U-235

0.001

Uranium-236

U-236

0.001

Uranium-237

U-237

100

Uranium-238

U-238

100

Uranium-239

U-239

1,000

Uranium-240

U-240

100

Uranium-natural

100

Neptunium-232

Np-232

100

Neptunium-233

Np-233

1,000

Neptunium-234

Np-234

100

Neptunium-235

Np-235

100

Neptunium-236 (1.15x105y)

Np-236

0.001

Neptunium-236 (22.5h)

Np-236

1

Neptunium-237

Np-237

0.001

Neptunium-238

Np-238

10

Neptunium-239

Np-239

100

Neptunium-240

Np-240

1,000

Plutonium-234

Pu-234

10

Plutonium-235

Pu-235

1,000

Plutonium-236

Pu-236

0.001

Plutonium-237

Pu-237

100

Plutonium-238

Pu-238

0.001

Plutonium-239

Pu-239

0.001

Plutonium-240

Pu-240

0.001

Plutonium-241

Pu-241

0.01

Plutonium-242

Pu-242

0.001

Plutonium-243

Pu-243

1,000

Plutonium-244

Pu-244

0.001

Plutonium-245

Pu-245

100

Americium-237

Am-237

1,000

Americium-238

Am-238

100

Americium-239

Am-239

1,000

Americium-240

Am-240

100

Americium-241

Am-241

0.001

Americium-242m

Am-242m

0.001

Americium-242

Am-242

10

Americium-243

Am-243

0.001

Americium-244m

Am-244m

100

Americium-244

Am-244

10

Americium-245

Am-245

1,000

Americium-246m

Am-246m

1,000

Americium-246

Am-246

1,000

Curium-238

Cm-238

100

Curium-240

Cm-240

0.1

Curium-241

Cm-241

1

Curium-242

Cm-242

0.01

Curium-243

Cm-243

0.001

Curium-244

Cm-244

0.001

Curium-245

Cm-245

0.001

Curium-246

Cm-246

0.001

Curium-247

Cm-247

0.001

Curium-248

Cm-248

0.001

Curium-249

Cm-249

1,000

Berkelium-245

Bk-245

100

Berkelium-246

Bk-246

100

Berkelium-247

Bk-247

0.001

Berkelium-249

Bk-249

0.1

Berkelium-250

Bk-250

10

Californium-244

Cf-244

100

Californium-246

Cf-246

1

Californium-248

Cf-248

0.01

Californium-249

Cf-249

0.001

Californium-250

Cf-250

0.001

Californium-251

Cf-251

0.001

Californium-252

Cf-252

0.001

Californium-253

Cf-253

0.1

Californium-254

Cf-254

0.001

Einsteinium-250

Es-250

100

Einsteinium-251

Es-251

100

Einsteinium-253

Es-253

0.1

Einsteinium-254m

Es-254m

1

Einsteinium-254

Es-254

0.01

Fermium-252

Fm-252

1

Fermium-253

Fm-253

1

Fermium-254

Fm-254

10

Fermium-255

Fm-255

1

Fermium-257

Fm-257

0.01

Mendelevium-257

Md-257

10

Mendelevium-258

Md-258

0.01

Any radionuclide other than alpha emitter radionuclides not listed above, or mixtures of beta emitters of unknown composition

0.01

Any alpha-emitting radionuclide not listed above or mixtures of alpha-emitters of unknown composition

0.001

1The quantities listed above were derived by taking 1/10 of the most restrictive ALI listed in table 1, columns 1 and 2 of 10 CFR Part 20, Appendix B, rounding to the nearest factor of 10, and arbitrarily constraining the values listed between 0.001 and 1,000 μCi. Values of 100 μCi have been assigned for radionuclides having a radioactive half-life in excess of 109 years (except rhenium, 1000 μCi) to take into account their low specific activity.

NOTE: For purposes of 10 CFR 20.1902(e), 10 CFR 20.1905(a), and 10 CFR 20.2201(a) where there is involved a combination of radionuclides in known amounts, the limit for the combination should be derived as follows: determine, for each radionuclide in the combination, the ratio between the quantity present in the combination and the limit otherwise established for the specific radionuclide when not in combination. The sum of such ratios for all radionuclides in the combination may not exceed "1" (i.e., "unity").

Statutory Authority

§ 32.1-229 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 18, eff. June 12, 2008.

12VAC5-481-3710. Requirements for transfers of low-level radioactive waste intended for disposal at licensed land disposal facilities and manifests.

A. Manifest.

1. A waste generator, waste collector, or waste processor that transports, or offers for transportation, low-level radioactive waste intended for ultimate disposal at a licensed low-level radioactive waste land disposal facility must prepare a manifest reflecting information requested on applicable NRC Forms 540 (Uniform Low-Level Radioactive Waste Manifest (Shipping Paper)) and 541 (Uniform Low-Level Radioactive Waste Manifest (Container and Waste Description)) and, if necessary, on an applicable NRC Form 542 (Uniform Low-Level Radioactive Waste Manifest (Manifest Index and Regional Compact Tabulation)). NRC Forms 540 and 540A must be completed and must physically accompany the pertinent low-level waste shipment.

2. Upon agreement between shipper and consignee, NRC Forms 541, 541A, 542, and 542A may be completed, transmitted, and stored in electronic media with the capability for producing legible, accurate, and complete records on the respective forms.

3. Licensees are not required by the agency, the NRC, or another agreement state to comply with the manifesting requirements of this subpart when they ship:

a. Low-level radioactive waste for processing and expect its return, such as for storage under their license, prior to disposal at a licensed land disposal facility;

b. Low-level radioactive waste that is being returned to the licensee that is the waste generator or generator; or

c. Radioactively contaminated material to a waste processor that becomes the processor's residual waste.

4. For guidance in completing the forms required under subdivision 1 of this subsection, refer to the instructions that accompany the forms. Copies of manifests required by this subpart may be legible carbon copies, photocopies, or computer printouts that reproduce the data in the format of the uniform manifest.

5. NRC Forms 540, 540A, 541, 541A, 542, and 542A, and the accompanying instructions, in hard copy, may be obtained by writing or calling the Office of Information Services, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001, telephone (800) 368-5642, or by visiting the NRC's website at www.nrc.gov.

6. This section includes information requirements of the DOT, as codified in 49 CFR Part 172. Information on hazardous, medical, or other waste, required to meet Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations, as codified in 40 CFR Part 259, 261 or elsewhere, is not addressed in this section and must be provided on the required EPA forms. However, the required EPA forms must accompany the uniform low-level radioactive waste manifest required by this section.

B. General information. The shipper of the radioactive waste must provide the following information on the uniform manifest:

1. The name, facility address, and telephone number of the licensee shipping the waste;

2. An explicit declaration indicating whether the shipper is acting as a waste generator, waste collector, waste processor, or a combination of these identifiers for purposes of the manifested shipment; and

3. The name, address, and telephone number, or the name and EPA identification number for the carrier transporting the waste.

C. Shipment information. The shipper of the radioactive waste must provide the following information regarding the waste shipment on the uniform manifest:

1. The date of the waste shipment;

2. The total number of packages or disposal containers;

3. The total disposal volume and disposal weight in the shipment;

4. The total radionuclide activity in the shipment;

5. The activity of each of the radionuclides H-3, C-14, Tc-99, and I-129 contained in the shipment; and

6. The total masses of U-233, U-235, and plutonium in special nuclear material and the total mass of uranium and thorium in source material.

D. Disposal container and waste information. The shipper of the radioactive waste must provide the following information on the uniform manifest regarding the waste and each disposal container of waste in the shipment:

1. An alphabetic or numeric identification that uniquely identifies each disposal container in the shipment;

2. A physical description of the disposal container, including the manufacturer and model of any high integrity container;

3. The volume displaced by the disposal container;

4. The gross weight of the disposal container, including the waste;

5. For waste consigned to a disposal facility, the maximum radiation level at the surface of each disposal container;

6. A physical and chemical description of the waste;

7. The total weight percentage of chelating agent for any waste containing more than 0.1% chelating agent by weight, plus the identity of the principal chelating agent;

8. The approximate volume of waste within a container;

9. The sorbing or solidification media, if any, and the identity of the solidification media vendor and brand name;

10. The identities and activities of individual radionuclides contained in each container, the masses of U-233, U-235, and plutonium in special nuclear material, and the masses of uranium and thorium in source material. For discrete waste types, such as activated materials, contaminated equipment, mechanical filters, sealed source or devices, and wastes in solidification or stabilization media, the identities and activities of individual radionuclides associated with or contained on these waste types within a disposal container must be reported; and

11. The total radioactivity within each container.

E. Uncontainerized waste information. The shipper of the radioactive waste must provide the following information on the uniform manifest regarding a waste shipment delivered without a disposal container:

1. The approximate volume and weight of the waste;

2. A physical and chemical description of the waste;

3. The total weight percentage of chelating agent if the chelating agent exceeds 0.1% by weight, plus the identity of the principal chelating agent;

4. For waste consigned to a disposal facility, the classification of the waste according to 12VAC5-481-2571. Waste not meeting the structural stability requirements of 12VAC5-481-2572 must be identified;

5. The identities and activities of individual radionuclides contained in the waste, the masses of U-233, U-235, and plutonium in special nuclear material, and the masses of uranium and thorium in source material; and

6. For wastes consigned to a disposal facility, the maximum radiation levels at the surface of the waste.

F. Multigenerator disposal container information.

1. This subsection applies to disposal containers enclosing mixtures of waste originating from different generators. The origin of the low-level radioactive waste resulting from a waste processor's activities may be attributable to one or more generators, including waste generators. This subsection also applies to mixtures of wastes shipped in an uncontainerized form, for which portions of the mixture within the shipment originate from different generators.

2. For homogeneous mixtures of waste, such as incinerator ash, the shipper must provide the waste description applicable to the mixture and the volume of the waste attributed to each generator.

3. For heterogeneous mixtures of waste, such as the combined products from a large compactor, the shipper must identify each generator contributing waste to the disposal container and for discrete waste types, such as activated materials, contaminated equipment, mechanical filters, sealed source or devices, and wastes in solidification or stabilization media, the identities and activities of individual radionuclides contained on these waste types within the disposal container. For each generator, the shipper must provide the following:

a. The volume of waste within the disposal container;

b. A physical and chemical description of the waste, including the solidification agent, if any;

c. The total weight percentage of chelating agents for any disposal container containing more than 0.1 percent chelating agent by weight, plus the identity of the principal chelating agent;

d. The sorbing or solidification media, if any, and the identity of the solidification media vendor and brand name if the media is claimed to meet stability requirements in 12VAC5-481-2572; and

e. Radionuclide identities and activities contained in the waste, the masses of U-233, U-235, and plutonium in special nuclear material, and the masses of uranium and thorium in source material, if contained in the waste.

G. Certification. An authorized representative of the waste generator, waste processor, or waste collector must certify by signing and dating the shipment manifest that the transported materials are properly classified, described, packaged, marked, and labeled and are in proper condition for transportation according to the applicable regulations of the DOT and the agency, NRC or another agreement state. A waste collector, in signing the certification, is certifying that nothing has been done to the collected waste that would invalidate the waste generator's certification.

H. Control and tracking; transfers. A licensee that transfers radioactive waste to a land disposal facility or a licensed waste collector must comply with subdivisions 1 through 9 of this subsection. A licensee that transfers waste to a licensed waste processor for waste treatment or repackaging must comply with subdivisions 4 through 9 of this subsection. A licensee shall:

1. Prepare all wastes so that the waste is classified according to 12VAC5-481-2571, and meets the waste characteristics requirements in 12VAC5-481-2572;

2. Label each disposal container of waste, or transport package if potential radiation hazards preclude labeling of the individual disposal container, to identify whether it is Class A waste, Class B waste, Class C waste, or greater than Class C waste, according to 12VAC5-481-2571;

3. Conduct a quality assurance program to ensure compliance with 12VAC5-481-2571 and 12VAC5-481-2572. The program must include management evaluation of audits;

4. Prepare the uniform low-level radioactive waste manifest as required by this part;

5. Forward a copy or electronically transfer the uniform low-level radioactive waste manifest to the intended consignee so that receipt of the manifest precedes the low-level radioactive waste shipment or the manifest is delivered to the consignee with the waste at the time the waste is transferred to the consignee, or both;

6. Include NRC Form 540, and Form 540A if required, with the shipment regardless of the option chosen in subdivision 5 of this subsection;

7. Receive acknowledgment of the receipt of the shipment in the form of a signed copy of NRC Form 540;

8. Retain a copy of or electronically store the uniform low-level radioactive waste manifest and documentation of acknowledgment of receipt as the record of transfer of licensed material as required by Part I (12VAC5-481-10 et seq.), Part III (12VAC5-481-380 et seq.), Part IV (12VAC5-481-600 et seq.) and Part X (12VAC5-481-2250 et seq.); and

9. For any shipment or any part of a shipment for which acknowledgment of receipt has not been received within the times set forth in this part, conduct an investigation according to subsection L of this section.

I. Control and tracking; prepackaged waste. A waste collector licensee that handles only prepackaged waste must:

1. Acknowledge receipt of the waste from the shipper within one week of receipt by returning a signed copy of NRC Form 540;

2. Prepare a new manifest to reflect consolidated shipments that meet the requirements of this section. The waste collector must ensure that, for each container of waste in the shipment, the manifest identifies the generator of that container of waste;

3. Forward a copy or electronically transfer the uniform low-level radioactive waste manifest to the intended consignee so that receipt of the manifest precedes the low-level radioactive waste shipment or the manifest is delivered to the consignee with the waste at the time the waste is transferred to the consignee, or both;

4. Include NRC Form 540, and 540A if required, with the shipment regardless of the option chosen in subdivision 4 of this subsection;

5. Receive acknowledgment of the receipt of the shipment in the form of a signed copy of NRC Form 540;

6. Retain a copy of or electronically store the uniform low-level radioactive waste manifest and documentation of acknowledgment of receipt as the record of transfer of licensed material as required under Part I (12VAC5-481-10 et seq.), Part III (12VAC5-481-380 et seq.), Part IV (12VAC5-481-600 et seq.) and Part X (12VAC5-481-2250 et seq.);

7. For any shipment or any part of a shipment for which acknowledgment of receipt has not been received within the times set forth in this section, conduct an investigation according to subsection L of this section; and

8. Notify the shipper and the agency when any shipment, or part of a shipment, has not arrived within 60 days after receipt of an advance manifest, unless notified by the shipper that the shipment has been canceled.

J. Control and tracking; treatment or repackaging. A licensed waste processor that treats or repackages waste must:

1. Acknowledge receipt of the waste from the shipper within one week of receipt by returning a signed copy of NRC Form 540;

2. Prepare a new manifest that meets the requirements of this section. Preparation of the new manifest reflects that the waste processor is responsible for meeting these requirements. For each container of waste in the shipment, the manifest must identify the waste generators, the preprocessed waste volume, and the other information as required under subsection F of this section;

3. Prepare all wastes so that the waste is classified according to 12VAC5-481-2571, and meets the waste characteristics requirements in 12VAC5-481-2572;

4. Label each package of waste to identify whether it is Class A waste, Class B waste, or Class C waste, in accordance with 12VAC5-481-2571 and 12VAC5-481-2572;

5. Conduct a quality assurance program to ensure compliance with 12VAC5-481-2571 and 12VAC5-481-2572. The program must include management evaluation of audits;

6. Forward a copy or electronically transfer the uniform low-level radioactive waste manifest to the intended consignee so that receipt of the manifest precedes the low-level radioactive waste shipment or the manifest is delivered to the consignee with the waste at the time the waste is transferred to the consignee, or both;

7. Include NRC Form 540, and Form 540A if required, with the shipment regardless of the option chosen in subdivision 6 of this subsection;

8. Receive acknowledgment of the receipt of the shipment in the form of a signed copy of NRC Form 540;

9. Retain a copy of or electronically store the uniform low-level radioactive waste manifest and documentation of acknowledgment of receipt as the record of transfer of licensed material as required by Part I (12VAC5-481-10 et seq.), Part III (12VAC5-481-380 et seq.), Part IV (12VAC5-481-600 et seq.) and Part X (12VAC5-481-2250 et seq.);

10. For any shipment or any part of a shipment for which acknowledgment of receipt has not been received within the times set forth in this part, conduct an investigation according to subsection L; and

11. Notify the shipper and the agency when any shipment, or part of a shipment, has not arrived within 60 days after receipt of an advance manifest, unless notified by the shipper that the shipment has been canceled.

K. Control and tracking; land disposal facility. A land disposal facility operator shall:

1. Acknowledge receipt of the waste within one week of receipt by returning, as a minimum, a signed copy of NRC Form 540 to the shipper. The shipper to be notified is the licensee that last possessed the waste and transferred the waste to the operator. If any discrepancy exists between materials listed on the uniform low-level radioactive waste manifest and materials received, copies or electronic transfer of the affected forms must be returned indicating the discrepancy;

2. Maintain copies of all completed manifests and electronically store the information required by 12VAC5-481-2630, until the agency terminates the license; and

3. Notify the shipper and the agency when any shipment, or part of a shipment, has not arrived within 60 days after receipt of an advance manifest, unless notified by the shipper that the shipment has been canceled.

L. Investigation. A shipment or part of a shipment for which acknowledgment is not received within the times set forth in this part must:

1. Be investigated by the shipper if the shipper has not received notification or receipt within 20 days after transfer; and

2. Be traced and reported. The investigation must include tracing the shipment and filing a report with the agency. A licensee that conducts a trace investigation must file a written report with the agency within two weeks of completing the investigation.

Statutory Authority

§ 32.1-229 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 18, eff. June 12, 2008; amended, Virginia Register Volume 25, Issue 2, eff. November 1, 2008.

12VAC5-481-3720. Exempt concentrations schedule.

Element (atomic number)

Isotope

Col. I

Col. II

Gas Concentration μCi/ml1

Liquid and Solid Concentration μCi/ml2

Antimony (51)

Sb-122

3 x 10-4

Sb-124

2 x 10-4

Sb-125

1 x 10-3

Argon (18)

A-37

1 x 10-3

A-41

4 x 10-7

Arsenic (33)

As-73

5 x 10-3

As-74

5 x 10-4

As-76

2 x 10-4

As-77

8 x 10-4

Barium (56)

Ba-131

2 x 10-3

Ba-140

3 x 10-4

Beryllium (4)

Be-7

2 x 10-2

Bismuth (83)

Bi-206

4 x 10-4

Bromine (35)

Br-82

4 x 10-7

3 x 10-3

Cadmium (48)

Cd-109

2 x 10-3

Cd-115M

3 x 10-4

Cd-115

3 x 10-4

Calcium (20)

Ca-45

9 x 10-5

Ca-47

5 x 10-4

Carbon (6)

C-14

1 x 10-6

8 x 10-3

Cerium (58)

Ce-141

9 x 10-4

Ce-143

4 x 10-4

Ce-144

1 x 10-4

Cesium (55)

Cs-131

2 x 10-2

Cs-134m

6 x 10-2

Cs-134

9 x 10-5

Chlorine (17)

Cl-38

9 x 10-7

4 x 10-3

Chromium (24)

Cr-51

2 x 10-2

Cobalt (27)

Co-57

5 x 10-3

Co-58

1 x 10-3

Co-60

5 x 10-4

Copper (29)

Cu-64

3 x 10-3

Dysprosium (66)

Dy-165

4 x 10-3

Dy-166

4 x 10-4

Erbium (68)

Er-169

9 x 10-4

Er-171

1 x 10-3

Europium (63)

Eu-152

(9.2 hrs)

6 x 10-4

Eu-155

2 x 10-3

Fluorine (9)

F-18

2 x 10-6

8 x 10-3

Gadolinium (64)

Gd-153

2 x 10-3

Gd-159

8 x `0-4

Gallium (31)

Ga-72

4 x 10-4

Germanium (32)

Ge-71

2 x 10-2

Gold (79)

Au-196

2 x 10-3

Au-198

5 x 10-4

Au-199

2 x 10-3

Hafnium (72)

Hf-81

7 x 10-4

Hydrogen (1)

H-3

5 x 10-6

3 x 10-2

Indium (49)

In-113M

1 x 10-2

In-114M

2 x 10-4

Iodine (53)

I-126

3 x 10-9

2 x 10-5

I-131

3 x 10-9

2 x 10-5

I-132

8 x 10-8

6 x 10-4

I-133

1 x 10-8

7 x 10-5

I-134

2 x 10-7

1 x 10-3

Iridium (77)

Ir-190

2 x 10-3

Ir-192

4 x 10-4

Ir-194

3 x 10-4

Iron (26)

Fe-55

8 x 10-3

Fe-59

6 x 10-4

Krypton (36)

Kr-85M

1 x 10-6

Kr-85

3 x 10-6

Lanthanum (57)

La-140

2 x 10-4

Lead (82)

Pb-203

4 x 10-3

Lutetium (71)

Lu-177

1 x 10-3

Manganese (25)

Mn-52

3 x 10-4

Mn-54

1 x 10-3

Mn-56

1 x 10-3

Mercury (80)

Hg-197M

2 x 10-3

Hg-197

3 x 10-3

Hg-203

2 x 10-4

Molybdenum (42)

Mo-99

2 x 10-3

Neodymium (60)

Nd-147

6 x 10-4

Nd-149

3 x 10-3

Nickel (28)

Ni-65

1 x 10-3

Niobium (Columbium) (41)

Nb-95

1 x 10-3

Nb-97

9 x 10-3

Osmium (76)

Os-185

7 x 10-4

Os-191M

3 x 10-2

Os-191

2 x 10-3

Os-193

6 x 10-4

Palladium (46)

Pd-103

3 x 10-3

Pd-109

9 x 10-4

Phosphorus (15)

P-32

2 x 10-4

Platinum (78)

Pt-191

1 x 10-3

Pt-193M

1 x 10-2

Pt-197M

1 x 10-2

Pt-197

1 x 10-3

Potassium (19)

K-42

3 x 10-3

Praseodymium (59)

Pr-142

3 x 10-4

Pr-143

5 x 10-4

Promethium (61)

Pm-147

2 x 10-3

Pm-149

4 x 10-4

Rhenium (75)

Re-183

6 x 10-3

Re-186

9 x 10-4

Re-188

6 x 10-4

Rhodium (45)

Rh-103M

1 x 10-1

Rh-105

1 x 10-3

Rubidium (37)

Rb-86

7 x 10-4

Ruthenium (44)

Ru-97

4 x 10-4

Ru-103

8 x 10-4

Ru-105

1 x 10-3

Ru-106

1 x 10-4

Samarium (62)

Sm-153

8 x 10-4

Scandium (21)

Sc-46

4 x 10-4

Sc-47

9 x 10-4

Sc-48

3 x 10-4

Selenium (34)

Se-75

3 x 10-3

Silicon (14)

Si-31

9 x 10-3

Silver (47)

Ag-105

1 x 10-3

Ag-110M

3 x 10-4

Ag-111

4 x 10-4

Sodium (11)

Na-24

2 x 10-3

Strontium (38)

Sr-85

1 x 10-4

Sr-89

1 x 10-4

Sr-91

7 x 10-4

Sr-92

7 x 10-4

Sulfur (16)

S-35

9 x 10-8

6 x 10-4

Tantalum (73)

Ta-182

4 x 10-4

Technetium (43)

Tc-96M

1 x 10-1

Tc-96

1 x 10-3

Tellurium (52)

Te-125M

2 x 10-3

Te-125M

6 x 10-4

Te-127

3 x 10-3

Te-129M

3 x 10-4

Te-131M

6 x 10-4

Te-132

3 x 10-4

Terbium (65)

Tb-160

4 x 10-4

Thallium (81)

Tl-200

4 x 10-3

Tl-201

3 x 10-3

Tl-202

1 x 10-3

Tl-204

1 x 10-3

Thulium (69)

Tm-170

5 x 10-4

Tm-171

5 x 10-3

Tin (50)

Sn-113

9 x 10-4

Sn-125

2 x 10-4

Tungsten (Wolfram) (74)

W-181

4 x 10-3

W-187

7 x 10-4

Vanadium (23)

V-48

3 x 10-4

Xenon (54)

Xe-131M

4 x 10-6

Xe-133

3 x 10-6

Xe-135

1 x 10-6

Ytterbium (70)

Yb-175

1 x 10-3

Yttrium (39)

Y-90

2 x 10-4

Y-91M

3 x 10-2

Y-91

3 x 10-4

Y-92

6 x 10-4

Y-93

3 x 10-4

Zinc (30)

Zn-65

1 x 10-3

Zn-69M

7 x 10-4

Zn-69

2 x 10-2

Zirconium (40)

Zr-95

6 x 10-4

Zr-97

2 x 10-4

Beta and/or gamma emitting
radioactive material not
listed above with half-life
less than three years

1 x 10-10

1 x 10-6

Footnotes:

1Values are given only for those materials normally used as gases.

2μCi/gm for solids.

NOTE 1: Many radioisotopes disintegrate into isotopes that are also radioactive. In expressing the concentrations, the activity stated is that of the parent isotope and takes into account the daughters.

NOTE 2: For purposes of 12VAC5-481-400 A where there is involved a combination of isotopes, the limit for the combination should be derived as follows:

Determine for each isotope in the product the ratio between the concentration present in the product and the exempt concentration for the specific isotope when not in combination. The sum of such ratios may not exceed "1" (i.e., unity).

Example:

Equation showing the relationship described in Note 2 for two example isotopes

Statutory Authority

§ 32.1-229 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 18, eff. June 12, 2008.

12VAC5-481-3730. Exempt quantities.

Radioactive material

Microcuries

Antimony 122 (Sb 122)

100

Antimony 124 (Sb 124)

10

Antimony 125 (Sb 125)

10

Arsenic 73 (As 73)

100

Arsenic 74 (As 74)

10

Arsenic 76 (As 76)

10

Arsenic 77 (as 77)

100

Barium 131 (Ba 131)

10

Barium 133 (Ba 133)

10

Barium 140 (Ba 140)

10

Bismuth 210 (Bi 210)

1

Bromine 82 (Br 82)

10

Cadmium109 (Cd 109)

10

Cadmium 115m (Cd 115m)

10

Cadmium115 (Cd 115)

100

Calcium 45 (Ca 45)

10

Calcium 47 (Ca 47)

10

Carbon 14 (C 14)

100

Cerium 141 (Ce 141)

100

Cerium 143 (Ce 143)

100

Cerium 144 (Ce 144)

1

Cesium 129 (Cs 129)

100

Cesium 131 (Cs 131)

1,000

Cesium 134m (Cs 134m)

100

Cesium 134 (Cs 134)

1

Cesium 135 (Cs 135)

10

Cesium 136 (Cs 136)

10

Cesium 137 (Cs 137)

10

Chlorine 36 (Cl 36)

10

Chlorine 38 (Cl 38)

10

Chromium 51 (Cr 51)

1,000

Cobalt 57 (Co 57)

100

Cobalt 58m (Co 58m)

10

Cobalt 58 (Co 58)

10

Cobalt 60 (Co 60)

1

Copper 64 (Cu 64)

100

Dysprosium 165 (Dy 165)

10

Dysprosium 166(Dy 166)

100

Erbium 169 (Er 169)

100

Erbium 171 (Er 171)

100

Europium 152 9.2 h (Eu 152 9.2 h)

100

Europium 152 13 yr (Eu 152 13 yr)

1

Europium 154 (Eu 154)

1

Europium 155(Eu 155)

10

Fluorine 18 (F 18)

1,000

Gadolinium 153 (Gd 153)

10

Gadolinium 159 (Gd 159)

100

Gallium 67 (Ga 67)

100

Gallium 72 (Ga 72)

10

Germanium 68 (Ge 68)

10

Germanium 71 (Ga 71)

100

Gold 195 (Au 195)

10

Gold 198 (Au 198)

100

Gold 199 (Au 199)

100

Hafnium 181 (Hf 181)

10

Holmium 166 (Ho 166)

100

Hydrogen 3 (H3)

1,000

Indium 111 (In 111)

100

Indium 113m (In 113m)

100

Indium 114m(In 114m)

10

Indium 115m(In 115m)

100

Indium 115 (In 115)

10

Iodine 123 (I 123)

100

Iodine 125 (I 125)

1

Iodine 126 (I 126)

1

Iodine 129 (I 129)

0,1

Iodine 131 (I 131)

1

Iodine 132 (I 132)

10

Iodine 133 (I 133)

1

Iodine 134 (I 134)

10

Iodine 135 (I 135)

10

Iridium 192 (Ir 192)

10

Iridium 194 (Ir 194)

100

Iron 52 (Fe 52)

10

Iron 55 (Fe 55)

100

Iron 59 (Fe 59)

10

Krypton 85 (Kr 85)

100

Krypton 87 (Kr 87)

10

Lanthanum 140 (La 140)

10

Lutetium 177 (Lu 177)

100

Manganese 52 (Mn 52)

10

Manganese 54 (Mn 54)

10

Manganese 56 (Mn 56)

10

Mercury 197m (Hg 197m)

100

Mercury 197 (Hg 197)

100

Mercury 203 (Hg 203)

10

Molybdenum 99 (Mo 99)

100

Neodymium 147 (Nd 147)

100

Neodymium 149 (Nd 149)

100

Nickel 59 (Ni 59)

100

Nickel 63 (Ni 63)

10

Nickel 65 (Ni 65)

100

Niobium 93m (Nb 93m)

10

Niobium 95 (Nb 95)`

10

Niobium 97 (Nb 97)

10

Osmium 185 (Os 185)

10

Osmium 191m (Os 191)

100

Osmium 191 (Os 191)

100

Osmium 193 (Os 193)

100

Palladium 103 (Pd 103)

100

Palladium 109(Pd 109)

100

Phosphorus 32 (P 32)

10

Platinum 191 (Pt 191)

100

Platinum 193m(Pt 193m)

100

Platinum 193 (Pt 193)

100

Platinum 197m(Pt 197m)

100

Platinum 197 (Pt 197)

100

Polonium 210 (Po 210)

0.1

Potassium 42 (K 42)

10

Potassium 43 (K 43)

10

Praseodymium 142 (Pr 142)

100

Praseodymium 143 (Pr 143)

100

Promethium 147 (Pm 147)

10

Promethium 149 (Pm 149)

10

Rhenium 186 (Re 186)

100

Rhenium 188 (Re 188)

100

Rhodium 103m (Rh 103m)

100

Rhodium 105 (Rh 105)

100

Rubidium 81 (Rb81)

10

Rubidium 86 (R86)

10

Rubidium 87 (Rb87)

10

Ruthenium 97 (Ru 97)

100

Ruthenium 103 (Ru 103)

10

Ruthenium 105(Ru 105)

10

Ruthenium 106(Ru 106)

1

Samarium 151(Sm 151)

10

Samarium 153(Sm 153)

100

Scandium 46 (Sc 46)

10

Scandium 47 (Sc 47)

100

Scandium 48 (Sc 48)

10

Selenium 75 (Se 75)

10

Silicon 31 (Si 31)

100

Silver 105 (Ag 105)

10

Silver 110m (Ag 110m)

1

Silver 111 (Ag 111)

100

Sodium 22 (Na 22)

10

Sodium 24 (Na 24)

10

Strontium 85 (Sr 85)

10

Strontium 89 (Sr 89)

1

Strontium 90 (Sr 90)

0.1

Strontium 91 (Sr 91)

10

Strontium 92 (Sr 92)

10

Sulphur 35 (S 35)

100

Tantalum 182 (Ta 182)

10

Technetium 96 (Tc 96)

10

Technetium 97m (Tc 97m)

100

Technetium 97 (Tc 97)

100

Technetium 99m (Tc 99m)

100

Technetium 99 (Tc 99)

10

Tellurium 125 m (Te 125 m)

10

Tellurium 127m (Te 127m)

10

Tellurium 127 (Te 127)

100

Tellurium 129m (Te 129m)

10

Tellurium 129 (Te 129)

100

Tellurium 131m (Te 131m)

10

Tellurium 132 (Te 132)

10

Terbium 160 (Tb 160)

10

Thallium 200 (Tl 200)

100

Thallium 201 (Tl 201)

100

Thallium 202 (Tl 202)

100

Thallium 204 (Tl 204)

10

Thulium 170 (Tm 170)

10

Thulium 171 (Tm 171)

10

Tin 113 (Sn 113)

10

Tin 125 (Sn 125)

10

Tungsten 181 (W 181)

10

Tungsten 185 (W 185)

10

Tungsten 187 (W 187)

100

Vanadium 48 (V 48)

10

Xenon 131m (Xe 131m)

1,000

Xenon 133 (Xe 133)

100

Xenon 135 (Xe 135)

100

Ytterbium 175 (Yb 175)

100

Yttrium 87 (Y 87)

10

Yttrium 88 (Y 88)

10

Yttrium 90 (Y 90)

10

Yttrium 91 (Y91)

10

Yttrium 92 (Y92)

100

Yttrium 93 (Y93)

100

Zinc 65 (Zn 65)

10

Zinc 69m (Zn 69m)

100

Zinc 69 (Zn 69)

1,000

Zirconium 93 (Zr 93)

10

Zirconium 95 (Zr 95)

10

Zirconium 97 (Zr 97)

10

Any radioactive material not listed above
other than alpha emitting radioactive materials

0.1

Statutory Authority

§ 32.1-229 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 18, eff. June 12, 2008.

12VAC5-481-3740. Quantities of radioactive materials requiring consideration of the need for an emergency plan for responding to a release.

Radioactive material1

Release fraction

Quantity (curies)

Actinium-228

0.001

4,000

Americium-241

.001

2

Americium-242

.001

2

Americium-243

.001

2

Antimony-124

.01

4,000

Antimony-126

.01

6,000

Barium-133

.01

10,000

Barium-140

.01

30,000

Bismuth-207

.01

5,000

Bismuth-210

.01

600

Cadmium-109

.01

1,000

Cadmium-113

.01

80

Calcium-45

.01

20,000

Californium-252

.001

g (20 mg)

Carbon-14 (non-carbon dioxide)

.01

50,000

Cerium-141

.01

10,000

Cerium-144

.01

300

Cesium-134

.01

2,000

Cesium-137

.01

3,000

Chlorine-36

.5

100

Chromium-51

.01

300,000

Cobalt-60

.001

5,000

Copper-64

.01

200,000

Curium-242

.001

60

Curium-243

.001

3

Curium-244

.001

4

Curium-245

.001

2

Europium-152

.01

500

Europium-154

.01

400

Europium-155

.01

3,000

Germanium-68

.01

2,000

Gadolinium-153

.01

5,000

Gold-198

.01

30,000

Hafnium-172

.01

400

Hafnium-181

.01

7,000

Holmium-166m

.01

100

Hydrogen-3

.5

20,000

Iodine-125

.5

10

Iodine-131

.5

10

Indium-114m

.01

1,000

Iridium-192

.001

40,000

Iron-55

.01

40,000

Iron-59

.01

7,000

Krypton-85

1.0

6,000,000

Lead-210

.01

8

Manganese-56

.01

60,000

Mercury-203

.01

10,000

Molybdenum-99

.01

30,000

Neptunium-237

.001

2

Nickel-63

.01

20,000

Niobium-94

.01

300

Phosphorus-32

.5

100

Phosphorus-33

.5

1,000

Polonium-210

.01

10

Potassium-42

.01

9,000

Promethium-145

.01

4,000

Promethium-147

.01

4,000

Radium-226

.001

100

Ruthenium-106

.01

200

Samarium-151

.01

4,000

Scandium-46

.01

3,000

Selenium-75

.01

10,000

Silver-110m

.01

1,000

Sodium-22

.01

9,000

Sodium-24

.01

10,000

Strontium-89

.01

3,000

Strontium-90

.01

90

Sulfur-35

.5

900

Technitium-99

.01

10,000

Technitium-99m

.01

400,000

Tellurium-127m

.01

5,000

Tellurium-129m

.01

5,000

Terbium-160

.01

4,000

Thulium-170

.01

4,000

Tin-113

.01

10,000

Tin-123

.01

3,000

Tin-126

.01

1,000

Titanium-44

.01

100

Vanadium-48

.01

7,000

Xenon-133

1.0

900,000

Yttrium-91

.01

2,000

Zinc-65

.01

5,000

Zirconium-93

.01

400

Zirconium-95

.01

5,000

Any other beta-gamma emitter

.01

10,000

Mixed fission products

.01

1,000

Mixed corrosion products

.01

10,000

Contaminated equipment beta-gamma

.001

10,000

Irradiated material, any form other than
solid noncombustible

.01

1,000

Irradiated material, solid noncombustible

.001

10,000

Mixed radioactive waste, beta-gamma

.01

1,000

Packaged mixed waste, beta-gamma2

.001

10,000

Any other alpha emitter

.001

2

Contaminated equipment, alpha

.0001

20

Packaged waste, alpha2

.0001

20

Combinations of radioactive materials
listed above1

1For combinations of radioactive materials, consideration of the need for an emergency plan is required if the sum of the ratios of the quantity of each radioactive material authorized to the quantity listed for that material in this section exceeds one.

2Waste packaged in Type B containers does not require an emergency plan.

Statutory Authority

§ 32.1-229 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 18, eff. June 12, 2008.

12VAC5-481-3750. Quantities for use with decommissioning.

Materials

Microcuries

Americium-241

.01

Antimony-122

100

Antimony-124

10

Antimony-125

10

Arsenic-73

100

Arsenic-74

10

Arsenic-76

10

Arsenic-77

100

Barium-131

10

Barium-133

10

Barium-140

10

Bismuth-210

1

Bromine-82

10

Cadmium-109

10

Cadmium-115m

10

Cadmium-115

100

Calcium-45

10

Calcium-47

10

Carbon-14

100

Cerium-141

100

Cerium-143

100

Cerium-144

1

Cesium-131

1,000

Cesium-134m

100

Cesium-134

1

Cesium-135

10

Cesium-136

10

Cesium-137

10

Chlorine-36

10

Chlorine-38

10

Chromium-51

1,000

Cobalt-55

100

Cobalt-56

10

Cobalt-57

100

Cobalt-58m

10

Cobalt-58

10

Cobalt-60

1

Copper-64

100

Dysprosium-165

10

Dysprosium-166

100

Erbium-169

100

Erbium-171

100

Europium-152 9.2h

100

Europium-152 13 yr

1

Europium-154

1

Europium-155

10

Fluorine-18

1,000

Gadolinium-153

10

Gadolinium-159

100

Gallium-72

10

Germanium-71

100

Gold-198

100

Gold-199

100

Hafnium-181

10

Holmium-166

100

Hydrogen-3

1,000

Indium-113m

100

Indium-114m

10

Indium-115m

100

Indium-115

10

Iodine-125

1

Iodine-126

1

Iodine-129

0.1

Iodine-131

1

Iodine-132

10

Iodine-133

1

Iodine-134

10

Iodine-135

10

Iridium-192

10

Iridium-194

100

Iron-55

100

Iron-59

10

Krypton-85

100

Krpton-87

10

Lanthanum-140

10

Lutetium-177

100

Manganese-52

10

Manganese-54

10

Manganese-56

10

Mercury-197m

100

Mercury-197

100

Mercury-203

10

Molbdenum-99

100

Neodymium-147

100

Neodymium-149

100

Nickel-59

100

Nickel-63

10

Nickel-65

100

Niobium-93m

10

Niobium-95

10

Niobium-97

10

Osmium-185

10

Osmium-191m

100

Osmium-191

100

Osmium-193

100

Palladium-103

100

Palladium-109

100

Phosphorus-32

10

Platinum-191

100

Platinum-193m

100

Platinum-193

100

Platinum-197m

100

Platinum-197

100

Plutonium-239

.01

Polonium-210

0.1

Potassium-42

10

Praseodymium-142

100

Praseodymium-143

100

Promethium-147

10

Promethium-149

10

Radium-226

.01

Rhenium-186

100

Rhenium-188

100

Rhodium-103m

100

Rhodium-105

100

Rubidium-86

10

Rubidium-87

10

Ruthenium-97

100

Ruthenium-103

10

Ruthenium-105

10

Ruthenium-106

1

Samarium-151

10

Samarium-153

100

Scandium-46

10

Scandium-47

100

Scandium-48

10

Seleium-75

10

Silicon-31

100

Silver-105

10

Silver-110m

1

Silver-111

100

Sodium-24

10

Strontium-85

10

Strontium-89

1

Strontium-90

0.1

Strontium-91

10

Strontium-92

10

Sulphur-35

100

Tantalum-182

10

Technetium-96

10

Technetium-97m

100

Technetium-97

100

Technetium-99m

100

Technetium-99

10

Tellurium-125m

10

Tellurium127m

10

Tellurium-127

100

Tellurium129m

10

Tellurium-129

100

Tellurium-131m

10

Tellurium-132

10

Terbium-160

10

Thallium-200

100

Thallium-201

100

Thallium-202

100

Thallium-204

10

Throium (natural)1

100

Thulium-170

10

Thulium-171

10

Tin-113

10

Tin-125

10

Tungsten-181

10

Tungsten-185

10

Tungsten-187

100

Uranium (natural)2

100

Uranium-233

.01

Uranium-234--Uranium-235

.01

Vandium-48

10

Xenon-131m

1,000

Xenon-133

100

Xenon-135

100

Ytterbium-175

100

Yttrium-90

10

Yttrium-91

10

Yttrium-92

100

Yttrium-93

100

Zinc-65

10

Zinc-69m

100

Zinc-69

1,000

Zirconium-93

10

Zirconium-95

10

Zirconium-97

10

Any alpha emitting radionuclide not listed above or mixtures of
alpha emitters of unknown composition

.01

Any radionuclide other than alpha emitting radio-nuclides,
not listed above or mixtures of beta emitters of unknown
composition

.1

1Based on alpha disintegration rate of Th-232, Th-230, and their daughter products.
2Based on alpha disintegration rate of U-238, U-234, and U-235.

Note: For purposes of 12VAC5-481-930, where there is involved a combination of isotopes in known amounts, the limit for the combination should be derived as follows: Determine, for each isotope in the combination, the ratio between the quantity present in the combination and the limit otherwise established for the specific isotope when not in combination. The sum of such ratios for all the isotopes in the combination may not exceed "1" (i.e., "unity").

Statutory Authority

§ 32.1-229 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 18, eff. June 12, 2008; amended, Virginia Register Volume 32, Issue 24, eff. August 25, 2016.

12VAC5-481-3760. Limits for broad scopes.

Radioactive material

Col. I curies

Col. II curies

Antimony-122

1

0.01

Antimony-124

1

0.01

Antimony-125

1

0.01

Arsenic-73

10

0.1

Arsenic-74

1

0.01

Arsenic-76

1

0.01

Arsenic-77

10

0.1

Barium-131

10

0.1

Barium-140

1

0.01

Beryllium-7

10

0.1

Bismuth-210

0.1

0.001

Bromine-82

10

0.1

Cadmium-109

1

0.01

Cadmium-115m

1

0.01

Cadmium-115

10

0.1

Calcium-45

1

0.01

Calcium-47

10

0.1

Carbon-14

100

1

Cerium-141

10

0.1

Cerium-143

10

0.1

Cerium-144

0.1

0.001

Cesium-131

100

1

Cesium-134m

100

1

Cesium-134

0.1

0.001

Cesium-135

1

0.01

Cesium-136

10

0.1

Cesium-137

0.1

0.001

Chlorine-36

1

0.01

Chlorine-38

100

1

Chromium-51

100

1

Cobalt-57

10

0.1

Cobalt-58m

100

1

Cobalt-58

1

0.01

Cobalt-60

0.1

0.001

Copper-64

10

0.1

Dysprosium-165

100

1

Dysprosium-166

10

0.1

Erbium-169

10

0.1

Erbium-171

10

0.1

Europium-152 9.2 h

10

0.1

Europium-152 13 y

0.1

0.001

Europium-154

0.1

0.001

Europium-155

1

0.01

Fluorine-18

100

1

Gadolinium-153

1

0.01

Gadolinium-159

10

0.1

Gallium-72

10

0.1

Germanium-71

100

1

Gold-198

10

0.1

Gold-199

10

0.1

Hafnium-181

1

0.01

Holmium-166

10

0.1

Hydrogen-3

100

1

Indium-113m

100

1

Indium-114m

1

0.01

Indium-115m

100

1

Indium-115

1

0.01

Iodine-125

0.1

0.001

Iodine-126

0.1

0.001

Iodine-129

0.1

0.001

Iodine-131

0.1

0.001

Iodine-132

10

0.1

Iodine-133

1

0.01

Iodine-134

10

0.1

Iodine-135

1

0.01

Iridium-192

1

0.01

Iridium-194

10

0.1

Iron-55

10

0.1

Irion-59

1

0.01

Krypton-85

100

1

Krypton-87

10

0.1

Lanthanum-140

1

0.01

Lutelium-177

10

0.1

Manganese-52

1

0.01

Manganese-54

1

0.01

Manganese-56

10

0.1

Mercury-197m

10

0.1

Mercury-197

10

0.1

Mercury-203

1

0.01

Molybdenum-99

10

0.1

Neodymium-147

10

0.1

Neodymium-149

10

0.1

Nickel-59

10

0.1

Nickel-63

1

0.01

Nickel-65

10

0.1

Niobium-93m

1

0.01

Niobium-95

1

0.01

Niobium-97

100

1

Osmium-185

1

0.01

Osmium-191m

100

1

Osmium-191

10

0.1

Osmium-193

10

0.1

Palladium-103

10

0.1

Palladium-109

10

0.1

Phosphorus-32

1

0.01

Platinum-191

10

0.1

Platinum-193m

100

1

Platinum-193

10

0.1

Platinum-197m

100

1

Platinum-197

100

.1

Polonium-210

0.01

0.0001

Potassium-42

1

0.01

Praseodymium-142

10

0.1

Praseodymium-143

10

0.1

Promethium-147

1

0.01

Promethium-149

10

0.1

Radium-226

0.01

0.0001

Rhenium-186

10

0.1

Rhenium-188

10

0.1

Rhodium-103m

1,000

10

Rhodium-105

10

0.1

Rubidium-86

1

0.01

Rubidium-87

1

0.01

Ruthenium-97

100

1

Ruthenium-103

1

0.01

Ruthenium-105

10

0.1

Ruthenium-106

0.1

0.001

Samarium-151

1

0.01

Samarium-153

10

0.1

Scandium-46

1

0.01

Scandium-47

10

0.1

Scandium-48

1

0.01

Selenium-75

1

0.01

Silicon-31

10

0.1

Silver-105

1

0.01

Silver-110m

0.1

0.001

Silver-111

10

0.1

Sodium-22

0.1

0.001

Sodium-24

1

0.01

Strontium-85m

1,000

10

Strontium-85

1

0.01

Strontium-89

1

0.01

Strontium-90

0.01

0.0001

Strontium-91

10

0.1

Strontium-92

10

0.1

Sulphur-35

10

0.1

Tantalum-182

1

0.01

Technetium-96

10

0.1

Technetium-97m

10

0.1

Technetium-97

10

0.1

Technetium-99m

100

1

Technetium-99

1

0.01

Tellurium-125m

1

0.01

Tellurium-127m

1

0.01

Tellurium-127

10

0.1

Tellurium-129m

1

0.01

Tellurim-129

100

1

Tellurium-131m

10

0.1

Tellurium-132

1

0.01

Terbium-160

1

0.01

Thallium-200

10

0.1

Thallium-201

10

0.1

Thallium-202

10

0.1

Thallium-204

1

0.01

Thulium-170

1

0.01

Thulium-171

1

0.01

Tin-113

1

0.01

Tin-125

1

0.01

Tungsten-181

1

0.01

Tungsten-185

1

0.01

Tungsten-187

10

0.1

Vandadium-48

1

0.01

Xenon-131m

1,000

10

Xenon-133

100

1

Xenon-135

100

1

Ytterbium-175

10

0.1

Yttrium-90

1

0.01

Yttrium-91

1

0.01

Yttrium-92

10

0.1

Yttrium-93

1

0.01

Zinc-65

1

0.01

Zinc-69m

10

0.1

Zinc-69

100

1

Zirconium-93

1

0.01

Zirconium-95

1

0.01

Zirconium-97

1

0.01

Any radioactive material other than alpha
emitting radioactive material not listed above

0.1

0.001

Statutory Authority

§ 32.1-229 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 18, eff. June 12, 2008.

12VAC5-481-3770. Determination of A1 and A2.

A. Values of A1 and A2 for individual radionuclides, which are the bases for many activity limits elsewhere in these regulations, are given in Table 1 of this section. The curie (Ci) values specified are obtained by converting from the Terabecquerel (TBq) value. The terabecquerel values are the regulatory standard. The curie values are for information only and are not intended to be the regulatory standard. Where values of A1 and A2 are unlimited, it is for radiation control purposes only. For nuclear criticality safety, some materials are subject to controls placed on fissile material.

B. For individual radionuclides whose identities are known, but that are not listed in Table 1 or Table 2 of this section, the A1 and A2 values or exempt material activity concentration and exempt consignment activity values contained in Table 3 of this section may be used. Otherwise, the licensee shall obtain prior agency approval for radionuclides not listed in Table 1 or Table 2 of this section, before shipping the material. The licensee shall submit requests for prior approval to the agency.

C. In the calculations of A1 and A2 for a radionuclide not in Table 1 of this section, a single radioactive decay chain, in which radionuclides are present in their naturally occurring proportions, and in which no daughter radionuclide has a half-life either longer than 10 days, or longer than that of the parent radionuclide, shall be considered as a single radionuclide, and the activity to be taken into account, and the A1 or A2 value to be applied, shall be those corresponding to the parent radionuclide of that chain. In the case of radioactive decay chains in which any daughter radionuclide has a half-life either longer than 10 days or greater than that of the parent radionuclide, the parent and those daughter radionuclides shall be considered as mixtures of different radionuclides.

D. For mixtures of radionuclides whose identities and respective activities are known, the following conditions apply:

1. For special form radioactive material, the maximum quantity transported in a Type A package is as follows:

Description: Description: Description: Value for normal form radioactivematerial, transported in A Sub1 package

where B(i) is the activity of radionuclide (i) in special form, and A1(i) is the A1 value for radionuclide (i).

2. For normal form radioactive material, the maximum quantity transported in a Type A package is as follows:

where B(i) is the activity of radionuclide (i) in normal form, and A2(i) is the A2 value for radionuclide (i).

3. If the package contains both special and normal form radioactive material, the activity that may be transported in the Type A package is as follows:


Where B(i) is the activity of radionuclide i (i) as special form radioactive material, A1(i) is the A1 value for the radionuclide (i), C(j) is the activity of radionuclide (j) as normal form radioactive material, and A2(j) is the A2 value for radionuclide (j).

4. Alternatively, the A1 value for mixtures of special form material may be determined as follows:

Description: Description: Description: Formula for A Sub1 value formixtures of special form material

where f(i) is the fraction of activity for radionuclide (i) in the mixture, and A1(i) is the appropriate A1 value for radionuclide (i).

5. Alternatively, the A2 value for mixtures of normal form material may be determined as follows:

Description: Description: Description: Formula for A Sub2 value formixtures of normal form material

where f(i) is the fraction of activity for radionuclide (i) in the mixture, and A2(i) is the appropriate A2 value for radionuclide (i).

6. The exempt activity concentration for mixtures of nuclides may be determined as follows:

Description: Description: Description: Formula for exempt activityconcentration for mixture of nuclides

where f(i) is the fraction of activity concentration of radionuclide (i) in the mixture, and [A](i) is the activity concentration for exempt material containing radionuclide (i).

7. The activity limit for an exempt consignment for mixtures of radionuclides may be determined as follows:

Description: Description: Description: Formula for the activity limit for anexempt consignment for mixtures of radionuclides

where f(i) is the fraction of activity of radionuclide (i) in the mixture, and [A](i) is the activity limit for exempt consignments for radionuclide (i).

E. When the identity of each radionuclide is known, but the individual activities of some of the radionuclides are not known, the radionuclides may be grouped, and the lowest A1 or A2 value or lowest [A] (activity concentration for exempt material or A (activity limit for exempt consignment) value, as appropriate, for the radionuclides in each group may be used in applying the formulas in subsection D of this section. Groups may be based on the total alpha activity and the total beta/gamma activity when these are known, using the lowest A1 or A2 values or the lowest [A] or A value, as appropriate, for the alpha emitters and beta/gamma emitters.

F. Table 1. A1 and A2 Values for Radionuclides.

Symbol of radionuclide

Element and atomic number

A1 (TBq)

A1(Ci)b

A2 (TBq)

A2(Ci)b

Specific activity

(TBq/g)

(Ci/g)

Ac-225 (a)

Actinium (89)

8.0X10-1

2.2X10-1

6.0X10-3

1.6X10-1

2.1X103

5.8X104

Ac-227 (a)

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

9.0X10-5

2.4X10-3

2.7

7.2X101

Ac-228

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

8.4X104

2.2X106

Ag-105

Silver (47)

2.0

5.4X101

2.0

5.4X101

1.1X103

3.0X104

Ag-108m (a)

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

9.7X10-1

2.6X101

Ag-110m (a)

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

1.8X102

4.7X103

Ag-111

2.0

5.4X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

5.8X103

1.6X105

Al-26

Aluminum (13)

1.0X10-1

2.7

1.0X10-1

2.7

7.0X10-4

1.9X10-2

Am-241

Americium (95)

1.0X101

2.7X102

1.0X10-3

2.7X10-2

1.3X10-1

3.4

Am-242m (a)

1.0X101

2.7X102

1.0X10-3

2.7X10-2

3.6X10-1

1.0X101

Am-243 (a)

5.0

1.4X102

1.0X10-3

2.7X10-2

7.4X10-3

2.0X10-1

Ar-37

Argon (18)

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

3.7X103

9.9X104

Ar-39

4.0X101

1.1X103

2.0X101

5.4X102

1.3

3.4X101

Ar-41

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

1.5X106

4.2X107

As-72

Arsenic (33)

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

6.2X104

1.7X106

As-73

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

8.2X102

2.2X104

As-74

1.0

2.7X101

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

3.7X103

9.9X104

As-76

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

5.8X104

1.6X106

As-77

2.0X101

5.4X102

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

3.9X104

1.0X106

At-211 (a)

Astatine (85)

2.0X101

5.4X102

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

7.6X104

2.1X106

Au-193

Gold (79)

7.0

1.9X102

2.0

5.4X101

3.4X104

9.2X105

Au-194

1.0

2.7X101

1.0

2.7X101

1.5X104

4.1X105

Au-195

1.0X101

2.7X102

6.0

1.6X102

1.4X102

3.7X103

Au-198

1.0

2.7X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

9.0X103

2.4X105

Au-199

1.0X101

2.7X102

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

7.7X103

2.1X105

Ba-131 (a)

Barium (56)

2.0

5.4X101

2.0

5.4X101

3.1X103

8.4X104

Ba-133

3.0

8.1X101

3.0

8.1X101

9.4

2.6X102

Ba-133m

2.0X101

5.4X102

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

2.2X104

6.1X105

Ba-140 (a)

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

3.0X10-1

8.1

2.7X103

7.3X104

Be-7

Beryllium (4)

2.0X101

5.4X102

2.0X101

5.4X102

1.3X104

3.5X105

Be-10

4.0X101

1.1X103

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

8.3X10-4

2.2X10-2

Bi-205

Bismuth (83)

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

1.5X103

4.2X104

Bi-206

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.8X103

1.0X105

Bi-207

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

1.9

5.2X101

Bi-210

1.0

2.7X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

4.6X103

1.2X105

Bi-210m (a)

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

2.0X10-2

5.4X10-1

2.1X10-5

5.7X10-4

Bi-212 (a)

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

5.4X105

1.5X107

Bk-247

Berkelium (97)

8.0

2.2X102

8.0X10-4

2.2X10-2

3.8X10-2

1.0

Bk-249 (a)

4.0X101

1.1X103

3.0X10-1

8.1

6.1X101

1.6X103

Br-76

Bromine (35)

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

9.4X104

2.5X106

Br-77

3.0

8.1X101

3.0

8.1X101

2.6X104

7.1X105

Br-82

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X104

1.1X106

C-11

Carbon (6)

1.0

2.7X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

3.1X107

8.4X108

C-14

4.0X101

1.1X103

3.0

8.1X101

1.6X10-1

4.5

Ca-41

Calcium (20)

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

3.1X10-3

8.5X10-2

Ca-45

4.0X101

1.1X103

1.0

2.7X101

6.6X102

1.8X104

Ca-47 (a)

3.0

8.1X101

3.0X10-1

8.1

2.3X104

6.1X105

Cd-109

Cadmium (48)

3.0X101

8.1X102

2.0

5.4X101

9.6X101

2.6X103

Cd-113m

4.0X101

1.1X103

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

8.3

2.2X102

Cd-115 (a)

3.0

8.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

1.9X104

5.1X105

Cd-115m

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

9.4X102

2.5X104

Ce-139

Cerium (58)

7.0

1.9X102

2.0

5.4X101

2.5X102

6.8X103

Ce-141

2.0X101

5.4X102

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

1.1X103

2.8X104

Ce-143

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

2.5X104

6.6X105

Ce-144 (a)

2.0X10-1

5.4

2.0X10-1

5.4

1.2X102

3.2X103

Cf-248

Californium (98)

4.0X101

1.1X103

6.0X10-3

1.6X10-1

5.8X101

1.6X103

Cf-249

3.0

8.1X101

8.0X10-4

2.2X10-2

1.5X10-1

4.1

Cf-250

2.0X101

5.4X102

2.0X10-3

5.4X10-2

4.0

1.1X102

Cf-251

7.0

1.9X102

7.0X10-4

1.9X10-2

5.9X10-2

1.6

Cf-252

1.0X10-1

2.7

3.0X10-3

8.1X10-2

2.0X101

5.4X102

Cf-253 (a)

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X10-2

1.1

1.1X103

2.9X104

Cf-254

1.0X10-3

2.7X10-2

1.0X10-3

2.7X10-2

3.1X102

8.5X103

Cl-36

Chlorine (17)

1.0X101

2.7X102

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

1.2X10-3

3.3X10-2

Cl-38

2.0X10-1

5.4

2.0X10-1

5.4

4.9X106

1.3X108

Cm-240

Curium (96)

4.0X101

1.1X103

2.0X10-2

5.4X10-1

7.5X102

2.0X104

Cm-241

2.0

5.4X101

1.0

2.7X101

6.1X102

1.7X104

Cm-242

4.0X101

1.1X103

1.0X10-2

2.7X10-1

1.2X102

3.3X103

Cm-243

9.0

2.4X102

1.0X10-3

2.7X10-2

1.9X10-3

5.2X104

Cm-244

2.0X101

5.4X102

2.0X10-3

5.4X10-2

3.0

8.1X101

Cm-245

9.0

2.4X102

9.0X10-4

2.4X10-2

6.4X10-3

1.7X10-1

Cm-246

9.0

2.4X102

9.0X10-4

2.4X10-2

1.1X10-2

3.1X10-1

Cm-247 (a)

3.0

8.1X101

1.0X10-3

2.7X10-2

3.4X10-6

9.3X10-5

Cm-248

2.0X10-2

5.4X10-1

3.0X10-4

8.1X10-3

1.6X10-4

4.2X10-3

Co-55

Cobalt (27)

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

1.1X105

3.1X106

Co-56

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

1.1X103

3.0X104

Co-57

1.0X101

2.7X102

1.0X101

2.7X102

3.1X102

8.4X103

Co-58

1.0

2.7X101

1.0

2.7X101

1.2X103

3.2X104

Co-58m

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

2.2X105

5.9X106

Co-60

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.2X101

1.1X103

Cr-51

Chromium (24)

3.0X101

8.1X102

3.0X101

8.1X102

3.4X103

9.2X104

Cs-129

Cesium (55)

4.0

1.1X102

4.0

1.1X102

2.8X104

7.6X105

Cs-131

3.0X101

8.1X102

3.0X101

8.1X102

3.8X103

1.0X105

Cs-132

1.0

2.7X101

1.0

2.7X101

5.7X103

1.5X105

Cs-134

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

4.8X101

1.3X103

Cs-134m

4.0X101

1.1X103

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

3.0X105

8.0X106

Cs-135

4.0X101

1.1X103

1.0

2.7X101

4.3X10-5

1.2X10-3

Cs-136

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

2.7X103

7.3X104

Cs-137 (a)

2.0

5.4X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

3.2

8.7X101

Cu-64

Copper (29)

6.0

1.6X102

1.0

2.7X101

1.4X105

3.9X106

Cu-67

1.0X101

2.7X102

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

2.8X104

7.6X105

Dy-159

Dysprosium (66)

2.0X101

5.4X102

2.0X101

5.4X102

2.1X102

5.7X103

Dy-165

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

3.0X105

8.2X106

Dy-166 (a)

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

3.0X10-1

8.1

8.6X103

2.3X105

Er-169

Erbium (68)

4.0X101

1.1X103

1.0

2.7X101

3.1X103

8.3X104

Er-171

8.0X10-1

2.2X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

9.0X104

2.4X106

Eu-147

Europium (63)

2.0

5.4X101

2.0

5.4X101

1.4X103

3.7X104

Eu-148

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

6.0X102

1.6X104

Eu-149

2.0X101

5.4X102

2.0X101

5.4X102

3.5X102

9.4X103

Eu-150 (short lived)

2.0

5.4X101

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

6.1X104

1.6X106

Eu-150 (long lived)

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

6.1X104

1.6X106

Eu-152

1.0

2.7X101

1.0

2.7X101

6.5

1.8X102

Eu-152m

8.0X10-1

2.2X101

8.0X10-1

2.2X101

8.2X104

2.2X106

Eu-154

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

9.8

2.6X102

Eu-155

2.0X101

5.4X102

3.0

8.1X101

1.8X101

4.9X102

Eu-156

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

2.0X103

5.5X104

F-18

Fluorine (9)

1.0

2.7X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

3.5X106

9.5X107

Fe-52 (a)

Iron (26)

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

2.7X105

7.3X106

Fe-55

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

8.8X101

2.4X103

Fe-59

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

1.8X103

5.0X104

Fe-60 (a)

4.0X101

1.1X103

2.0X10-1

5.4

7.4X10-4

2.0X10-2

Ga-67

Gallium (31)

7.0

1.9X102

3.0

8.1X101

2.2X104

6.0X105

Ga-68

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

1.5X106

4.1X107

Ga-72

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

1.1X105

3.1X106

Gd-146 (a)

Gadolinium (64)

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

6.9X102

1.9X104

Gd-148

2.0X101

5.4X102

2.0X10-3

5.4X10-2

1.2

3.2X101

Gd-153

1.0X101

2.7X102

9.0

2.4X102

1.3X102

3.5X103

Gd-159

3.0

8.1X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

3.9X104

1.1X106

Ge-68 (a)

Germanium (32)

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

2.6X102

7.1X103

Ge-71

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

5.8X103

1.6X105

Ge-77

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

1.3X105

3.6X106

Hf-172 (a)

Hafnium (72)

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

4.1X101

1.1X103

Hf-175

3.0

8.1X101

3.0

8.1X101

3.9X102

1.1X104

Hf-181

2.0

5.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

6.3X102

1.7X104

Hf-182

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

8.1X10-6

2.2X10-4

Hg-194 (a)

Mercury (80)

1.0

2.7X101

1.0

2.7X101

1.3X10-1

3.5

Hg-195m (a)

3.0

8.1X101

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

1.5X104

4.0X105

Hg-197

2.0X101

5.4X102

1.0X101

2.7X102

9.2X103

2.5X105

Hg-197m

1.0X101

2.7X102

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

2.5X104

6.7X105

Hg-203

5.0

1.4X102

1.0

2.7X101

5.1X102

1.4X104

Ho-166

Holmium (67)

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

2.6X104

7.0X105

Ho-166m

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

6.6X10-2

1.8

I-123

Iodine (53)

6.0

1.6X102

3.0

8.1X101

7.1X104

1.9X106

I-124

1.0

2.7X101

1.0

2.7X101

9.3X103

2.5X105

I-125

2.0X101

5.4X102

3.0

8.1X101

6.4X102

1.7X104

I-126

2.0

5.4X101

1.0

2.7X101

2.9X103

8.0X104

I-129

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

6.5X10-6

1.8X10-4

I-131

3.0

8.1X101

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

4.6X103

1.2X105

I-132

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

3.8X105

1.0X107

I-133

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

4.2X104

1.1X106

I-134

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

9.9X105

2.7X107

I-135 (a)

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

1.3X105

3.5X106

In-111

Indium (49)

3.0

8.1X101

3.0

8.1X101

1.5X104

4.2X105

In-113m

4.0

1.1X102

2.0

5.4X101

6.2X105

1.7X107

In-114m (a)

1.0X101

2.7X102

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

8.6X102

2.3X104

In-115m

7.0

1.9X102

1.0

2.7X101

2.2X105

6.1X106

Ir-189 (a)

Iridium (77)

1.0X101

2.7X102

1.0X101

2.7X102

1.9X103

5.2X104

Ir-190

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

2.3X103

6.2X104

Ir-192

1.0 (c)

2.7X101 (c)

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

3.4X102

9.2X103

Ir-194

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.1X104

8.4X105

K-40

Potassium (19)

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

2.4X10-7

6.4X10-6

K-42

2.0X10-1

5.4

2.0X10-1

5.4

2.2X105

6.0X106

K-43

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

1.2X105

3.3X106

Kr-79

Krypton (36)

4.0

1.1X102

2.0

5.4X101

4.2X104

1.1X106

Kr-81

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

7.8X10-4

2.1X10-2

Kr-85

1.0X101

2.7X102

1.0X101

2.7X102

1.5X101

3.9X102

Kr-85m

8.0

2.2X102

3.0

8.1X101

3.0X105

8.2X106

Kr-87

2.0X10-1

5.4

2.0X10-1

5.4

1.0X106

2.8X107

La-137

Lanthanum (57)

3.0X101

8.1X102

6.0

1.6X102

1.6X10-3

4.4X10-2

La-140

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

2.1X104

5.6X105

Lu-172

Lutetium (71)

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

4.2X103

1.1X105

Lu-173

8.0

2.2X102

8.0

2.2X102

5.6X101

1.5X103

Lu-174

9.0

2.4X102

9.0

2.4X102

2.3X101

6.2X102

Lu-174m

2.0X101

5.4X102

1.0X101

2.7X102

2.0X102

5.3X103

Lu-177

3.0X101

8.1X102

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

4.1X103

1.1X105

Mg-28 (a)

Magnesium (12)

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

2.0X105

5.4X106

Mn-52

Manganese (25)

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

1.6X104

4.4X105

Mn-53

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

6.8X10-5

1.8X10-3

Mn-54

1.0

2.7X101

1.0

2.7X101

2.9X102

7.7X103

Mn-56

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

8.0X105

2.2X107

Mo-93

Molybdenum (42)

4.0X101

1.1X103

2.0X101

5.4X102

4.1X10-2

1.1

Mo-99 (a) (h)

1.0

2.7X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

1.8X104

4.8X105

N-13

Nitrogen (7)

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

5.4X107

1.5X109

Na-22

Sodium (11)

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

2.3X102

6.3X103

Na-24

2.0X10-1

5.4

2.0X10-1

5.4

3.2X105

8.7X106

Nb-93m

Niobium (41)

4.0X101

1.1X103

3.0X101

8.1X102

8.8

2.4X102

Nb-94

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

6.9X10-3

1.9X10-1

Nb-95

1.0

2.7X101

1.0

2.7X101

1.5X103

3.9X104

Nb-97

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

9.9X105

2.7X107

Nd-147

Neodymium (60)

6.0

1.6X102

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

3.0X103

8.1X104

Nd-149

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

4.5X105

1.2X107

Ni-59

Nickel (28)

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

3.0X10-3

8.0X10-2

Ni-63

4.0X101

1.1X103

3.0X101

8.1X102

2.1

5.7X101

Ni-65

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

7.1X105

1.9X107

Np-235

Neptunium (93)

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

5.2X101

1.4X103

Np-236 (short-lived)

2.0X101

5.4X102

2.0

5.4X101

4.7X10-4

1.3X10-2

Np-236 (long-lived)

9.0X100

2.4X102

2.0X10-2

5.4X10-1

4.7X10-4

1.3X10-2

Np-237

2.0X101

5.4X102

2.0X10-3

5.4X10-2

2.6X10-5

7.1X10-4

Np-239

7.0

1.9X102

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

8.6X103

2.3X105

Os-185

Osmium (76)

1.0

2.7X101

1.0

2.7X101

2.8X102

7.5X103

Os-191

1.0X101

2.7X102

2.0

5.4X101

1.6X103

4.4X104

Os-191m

4.0X101

1.1X103

3.0X101

8.1X102

4.6X104

1.3X106

Os-193

2.0

5.4X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

2.0X104

5.3X105

Os-194 (a)

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

1.1X101

3.1X102

P-32

Phosphorus (15)

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

1.1X104

2.9X105

P-33

4.0X101

1.1X103

1.0

2.7X101

5.8X103

1.6X105

Pa-230 (a)

Protactinium (91)

2.0

5.4X101

7.0X10-2

1.9

1.2X103

3.3X104

Pa-231

4.0

1.1X102

4.0X10-4

1.1X10-2

1.7X10-3

4.7X10-2

Pa-233

5.0

1.4X102

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

7.7X102

2.1X104

Pb-201

Lead (82)

1.0

2.7X101

1.0

2.7X101

6.2X104

1.7X106

Pb-202

4.0X101

1.1X103

2.0X101

5.4X102

1.2X10-4

3.4X10-3

Pb-203

4.0

1.1X102

3.0

8.1X101

1.1X104

3.0X105

Pb-205

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

4.5X10-6

1.2X10-4

Pb-210 (a)

1.0

2.7X101

5.0X10-2

1.4

2.8

7.6X101

Pb-212 (a)

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

2.0X10-1

5.4

5.1X104

1.4X106

Pd-103 (a)

Palladium (46)

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

2.8X103

7.5X104

Pd-107

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

1.9X10-5

5.1X10-4

Pd-109

2.0

5.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

7.9X104

2.1X106

Pm-143

Promethium (61)

3.0

8.1X101

3.0

8.1X101

1.3X102

3.4X103

Pm-144

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

9.2X101

2.5X103

Pm-145

3.0X101

8.1X102

1.0X101

2.7X102

5.2

1.4X102

Pm-147

4.0X101

1.1X103

2.0

5.4X101

3.4X101

9.3X102

Pm-148m (a)

8.0X10-1

2.2X101

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

7.9X102

2.1X104

Pm-149

2.0

5.4X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

1.5X104

4.0X105

Pm-151

2.0

5.4X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

2.7X104

7.3X105

Po-210

Polonium (84)

4.0X101

1.1X103

2.0X10-2

5.4X10-1

1.7X102

4.5X103

Pr-142

Praseodymium (59)

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.3X104

1.2X106

Pr-143

3.0

8.1X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

2.5X103

6.7X104

Pt-188 (a)

Platinum (78)

1.0

2.7X101

8.0X10-1

2.2X101

2.5X103

6.8X104

Pt-191

4.0

1.1X102

3.0

8.1X101

8.7X103

2.4X105

Pt-193

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

1.4

3.7X101

Pt-193m

4.0X101

1.1X103

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

5.8X103

1.6X105

Pt-195m

1.0X101

2.7X102

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

6.2X103

1.7X105

Pt-197

2.0X101

5.4X102

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

3.2X104

8.7X105

Pt-197m

1.0X101

2.7X102

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

3.7X105

1.0X107

Pu-236

Plutonium (94)

3.0X101

8.1X102

3.0X10-3

8.1X10-2

2.0X101

5.3X102

Pu-237

2.0X101

5.4X102

2.0X101

5.4X102

4.5X102

1.2X104

Pu-238

1.0X101

2.7X102

1.0X10-3

2.7X10-2

6.3X10-1

1.7X101

Pu-239

1.0X101

2.7X102

1.0X10-3

2.7X10-2

2.3X10-3

6.2X10-2

Pu-240

1.0X101

2.7X102

1.0X10-3

2.7X10-2

8.4X10-3

2.3X10-1

Pu-241 (a)

4.0X101

1.1X103

6.0X10-2

1.6

3.8

1.0X102

Pu-242

1.0X101

2.7X102

1.0X10-3

2.7X10-2

1.5X10-4

3.9X10-3

Pu-244 (a)

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

1.0X10-3

2.7X10-2

6.7X10-7

1.8X10-5

Ra-223 (a)

Radium (88)

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

7.0X10-3

1.9X10-1

1.9X103

5.1X104

Ra-224 (a)

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

2.0X10-2

5.4X10-1

5.9X103

1.6X105

Ra-225 (a)

2.0X10-1

5.4

4.0X10-3

1.1X10-1

1.5X103

3.9X104

Ra-226 (a)

2.0X10-1

5.4

3.0X10-3

8.1X10-2

3.7X10-2

1.0

Ra-228 (a)

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

2.0X10-2

5.4X10-1

1.0X101

2.7X102

Rb-81

Rubidium (37)

2.0

5.4X101

8.0X10-1

2.2X101

3.1X105

8.4X106

Rb-83 (a)

2.0

5.4X101

2.0

5.4X101

6.8X102

1.8X104

Rb-84

1.0

2.7X101

1.0

2.7X101

1.8X103

4.7X104

Rb-86

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

3.0X103

8.1X104

Rb-87

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

3.2X10-9

8.6X10-8

Rb(nat)

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

6.7X106

1.8X108

Re-184

Rhenium (75)

1.0

2.7X101

1.0

2.7X101

6.9X102

1.9X104

Re-184m

3.0

8.1X101

1.0

2.7X101

1.6X102

4.3X103

Re-186

2.0

5.4X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

6.9X103

1.9X105

Re-187

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

1.4X10-9

3.8X10-8

Re-188

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

3.6X104

9.8X105

Re-189 (a)

3.0

8.1X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

2.5X104

6.8X105

Re(nat)

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

0.0

2.4X10-8

Rh-99

Rhodium (45)

2.0

5.4X101

2.0

5.4X101

3.0X103

8.2X104

Rh-101

4.0

1.1X102

3.0

8.1X101

4.1X101

1.1X103

Rh-102

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

4.5X101

1.2X103

Rh-102m

2.0

5.4X101

2.0

5.4X101

2.3X102

6.2X103

Rh-103m

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

1.2X106

3.3X107

Rh-105

1.0X101

2.7X102

8.0X10-1

2.2X101

3.1X104

8.4X105

Rn-222 (a)

Radon (86)

3.0X10-1

8.1

4.0X10-3

1.1X10-1

5.7X103

1.5X105

Ru-97

Ruthenium (44)

5.0

1.4X102

5.0

1.4X102

1.7X104

4.6X105

Ru-103 (a)

2.0

5.4X101

2.0

5.4X101

1.2X103

3.2X104

Ru-105

1.0

2.7X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

2.5X105

6.7X106

Ru-106 (a)

2.0X10-1

5.4

2.0X10-1

5.4

1.2X102

3.3X103

S-35

Sulphur (16)

4.0X101

1.1X103

3.0

8.1X101

1.6X103

4.3X104

Sb-122

Antimony (51)

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

1.5X104

4.0X105

Sb-124

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

6.5X102

1.7X104

Sb-125

2.0

5.4X101

1.0

2.7X101

3.9X101

1.0X103

Sb-126

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

3.1X103

8.4X104

Sc-44

Scandium (21)

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

6.7X105

1.8X107

Sc-46

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

1.3X103

3.4X104

Sc-47

1.0X101

2.7X102

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

3.1X104

8.3X105

Sc-48

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

5.5X104

1.5X106

Se-75

Selenium (34)

3.0

8.1X101

3.0

8.1X101

5.4X102

1.5X104

Se-79

4.0X101

1.1X103

2.0

5.4X101

2.6X10-3

7.0X10-2

Si-31

Silicon (14)

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

1.4X106

3.9X107

Si-32

4.0X101

1.1X103

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

3.9

1.1X102

Sm-145

Samarium (62)

1.0X101

2.7X102

1.0X101

2.7X102

9.8X101

2.6X103

Sm-147

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

8.5X10-10

2.3X10-8

Sm-151

4.0X101

1.1X103

1.0X101

2.7X102

9.7X10-1

2.6X101

Sm-153

9.0

2.4X102

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

1.6X104

4.4X105

Sn-113 (a)

Tin (50)

4.0

1.1X102

2.0

5.4X101

3.7X102

1.0X104

Sn-117m

7.0

1.9X102

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

3.0X103

8.2X104

Sn-119m

4.0X101

1.1X103

3.0X101

8.1X102

1.4X102

3.7X103

Sn-121m (a)

4.0X101

1.1X103

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

2.0

5.4X101

Sn-123

8.0X10-1

2.2X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

3.0X102

8.2X103

Sn-125

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X103

1.1X105

Sn-126 (a)

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

1.0X10-3

2.8X10-2

Sr-82 (a)

Strontium (38)

2.0X10-1

5.4

2.0X10-1

5.4

2.3X103

6.2X104

Sr-85

2.0

5.4X101

2.0

5.4X101

8.8X102

2.4X104

Sr-85m

5.0

1.4X102

5.0

1.4X102

1.2X106

3.3X107

Sr-87m

3.0

8.1X101

3.0

8.1X101

4.8X105

1.3X107

Sr-89

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

1.1X103

2.9X104

Sr-90 (a)

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

5.1

1.4X102

Sr-91 (a)

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

1.3X105

3.6X106

Sr-92 (a)

1.0

2.7X101

3.0X10-1

8.1

4.7X105

1.3X107

T(H-3)

Tritium (1)

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

3.6X102

9.7X103

Ta-178 (long-lived)

Tantalum (73)

1.0

2.7X101

8.0X10-1

2.2X101

4.2X106

1.1X108

Ta-179

3.0X101

8.1X102

3.0X101

8.1X102

4.1X101

1.1X103

Ta-182

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

2.3X102

6.2X103

Tb-157

Terbium (65)

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

5.6X10-1

1.5X101

Tb-158

1.0

2.7X101

1.0

2.7X101

5.6X10-1

1.5X101

Tb-160

1.0

2.7X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

4.2X102

1.1X104

Tc-95m (a)

Technetium (43)

2.0

5.4X101

2.0

5.4X101

8.3X102

2.2X104

Tc-96

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

1.2X104

3.2X105

Tc-96m (a)

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

1.4X106

3.8X107

Tc-97

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

5.2X10-5

1.4X10-3

Tc-97m

4.0X101

1.1X103

1.0

2.7X101

5.6X102

1.5X104

Tc-98

8.0X10-1

2.2X101

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

3.2X10-5

8.7X10-4

Tc-99

4.0X101

1.1X103

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

6.3X10-4

1.7X10-2

Tc-99m

1.0X101

2.7X102

4.0

1.1X102

1.9X105

5.3X106

Te-121

Tellurium (52)

2.0

5.4X101

2.0

5.4X101

2.4X103

6.4X104

Te-121m

5.0

1.4X102

3.0

8.1X101

2.6X102

7.0X103

Te-123m

8.0

2.2X102

1.0

2.7X101

3.3X102

8.9X103

Te-125m

2.0X101

5.4X102

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

6.7X102

1.8X104

Te-127

2.0X101

5.4X102

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

9.8X104

2.6X106

Te-127m (a)

2.0X101

5.4X102

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

3.5X102

9.4X103

Te-129

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

7.7X105

2.1X107

Te-129m (a)

8.0X10-1

2.2X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

1.1X103

3.0X104

Te-131m (a)

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

3.0X104

8.0X105

Te-132 (a)

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

1.1X104

3.0X105

Th-227

Thorium (90)

1.0X101

2.7X102

5.0X10-3

1.4X10-1

1.1X103

3.1X104

Th-228 (a)

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

1.0X10-3

2.7X10-2

3.0X101

8.2X102

Th-229

5.0

1.4X102

5.0X10-4

1.4X10-2

7.9X10-3

2.1X10-1

Th-230

1.0X101

2.7X102

1.0X10-3

2.7X10-2

7.6X10-4

2.1X10-2

Th-231

4.0X101

1.1X103

2.0X10-2

5.4X10-1

2.0X104

5.3X105

Th-232

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

4.0X10-9

1.1X10-7

Th-234 (a)

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

8.6X102

2.3X104

Th(nat)

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

8.1X10-9

2.2X10-7

Ti-44 (a)

Titanium (22)

5.0X10-1

1.4X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

6.4

1.7X102

Tl-200

Thallium (81)

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

2.2X104

6.0X105

Tl-201

1.0X101

2.7X102

4.0

1.1X102

7.9X103

2.1X105

Tl-202

2.0

5.4X101

2.0

5.4X101

2.0X103

5.3X104

Tl-204

1.0X101

2.7X102

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

1.7X101

4.6X102

Tm-167

Thulium (69)

7.0

1.9X102

8.0X10-1

2.2X101

3.1X103

8.5X104

Tm-170

3.0

8.1X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

2.2X102

6.0X103

Tm-171

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

U-230 (fast lung absorption) (a)(d)

Uranium (92)

4.0X101

1.1X103

1.0X10-1

2.7

1.0X103

2.7X104

U-230 (medium lung absorption) (a)(e)

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X10-3

1.1X10-1

1.0X103

2.7X104

U-230 (slow lung absorption) (a)(f)

3.0X101

8.1X102

3.0X10-3

8.1X10-2

1.0X103

2.7X104

U-232 (fast lung absorption) (d)

4.0X101

1.1X103

1.0X10-2

2.7X10-1

8.3X10-1

2.2X101

U-232 (medium lung absorption) (e)

4.0X101

1.1X103

7.0X10-3

1.9X10-1

8.3X10-1

2.2X101

U-232 (slow lung absorption) (f)

1.0X101

2.7X102

1.0X10-3

2.7X10-2

8.3X10-1

2.2X101

U-233 (fast lung absorption) (d)

4.0X101

1.1X103

9.0X10-2

2.4

3.6X10-4

9.7X10-3

U-233 (medium lung absorption) (e)

4.0X101

1.1X103

2.0X10-2

5.4X10-1

3.6X10-4

9.7X10-3

U-233 (slow lung absorption) (f)

4.0X101

1.1X103

6.0X10-3

1.6X10-1

3.6X10-4

9.7X10-3

U-234 (fast lung absorption) (d)

4.0X101

1.1X103

9.0X10-2

2.4

2.3X10-4

6.2X10-3

U-234 (medium lung absorption) (e)

4.0X101

1.1X103

2.0X10-2

5.4X10-1

2.3X10-4

6.2X10-3

U-234 (slow lung absorption) (f)

4.0X101

1.1X103

6.0X10-3

1.6X10-1

2.3X10-4

6.2X10-3

U-235 (all lung absorption types) (a),(d),(e),(f)

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

8.0X10-8

2.2X10-6

U-236 (fast lung absorption) (d)

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

2.4X10-6

6.5X10-5

U-236 (medium lung absorption) (e)

4.0X101

1.1X103

2.0X10-2

5.4X10-1

2.4X10-6

6.5X10-5

U-236 (slow lung absorption) (f)

4.0X101

1.1X103

6.0X10-3

1.6X10-1

2.4X10-6

6.5X10-5

U-238 (all lung absorption types) (d),(e),(f)

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

1.2X10-8

3.4X10-7

U (nat)

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

2.6X10-8

7.1X10-7

U (enriched to 20% or less) (g)

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

See Table
A-4

See Table
A-4

U (dep)

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

See Table
A-4

See Table
A-3

V-48

Vanadium (23)

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

6.3X103

1.7X105

V-49

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

3.0X102

8.1X103

W-178 (a)

Tungsten (74)

9.0

2.4X102

5.0

1.4X102

1.3X103

3.4X104

W-181

3.0X101

8.1X102

3.0X101

8.1X102

2.2X102

6.0X103

W-185

4.0X101

1.1X103

8.0X10-1

2.2X101

3.5X102

9.4X103

W-187

2.0

5.4X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

2.6X104

7.0X105

W-188 (a)

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.7X102

1.0X104

Xe-122 (a)

Xenon (54)

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.8X104

1.3X106

Xe-123

2.0

5.4X101

7.0X10-1

1.9X101

4.4X105

1.2X10

Xe-127

4.0

1.1X102

2.0

5.4X101

1.0X103

2.8X104

Xe-131m

4.0X101

1.1X103

4.0X101

1.1X103

3.1X103

8.4X104

Xe-133

2.0X101

5.4X102

1.0X101

2.7X102

6.9X103

1.9X105

Xe-135

3.0

8.1X101

2.0

5.4X101

9.5X104

2.6X106

Y-87 (a)

Yttrium (39)

1.0

2.7X101

1.0

2.7X101

1.7X104

4.5X105

Y-88

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

5.2X102

1.4X104

Y-90

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

2.0X104

5.4X105

Y-91

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

9.1X102

2.5X104

Y-91m

2.0

5.4X101

2.0

5.4X101

1.5X106

4.2X10

Y-92

2.0X10-1

5.4

2.0X10-1

5.4

3.6X105

9.6X106

Y-93

3.0X10-1

8.1

3.0X10-1

8.1

1.2X105

3.3X106

Yb-169

Ytterbium (70)

4.0

1.1X102

1.0

2.7X101

8.9X102

2.4X104

Yb-175

3.0X101

8.1X102

9.0X10-1

2.4X101

6.6X103

1.8X105

Zn-65

Zinc (30)

2.0

5.4X101

2.0

5.4X101

3.0X102

8.2X103

Zn-69

3.0

8.1X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

1.8X106

4.9X10

Zn-69m (a)

3.0

8.1X101

6.0X10-1

1.6X101

1.2X105

3.3X106

Zr-88

Zirconium (40)

3.0

8.1X101

3.0

8.1X101

6.6X102

1.8X104

Zr-93

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

9.3X10

2.5X10

Zr-95 (a)

2.0

5.4X101

8.0X10-1

2.2X101

7.9X102

2.1X104

Zr-97 (a)

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

4.0X10-1

1.1X101

7.1X104

1.9X106

aA1 and/or A2 values include contributions from daughter nuclides with half-lives less than 10 days, as listed in the following:

Mg-28
Ca-47
Ti-44
Fe-52
Fe-60
Zn-69m
Ge-68
Rb-83
Sr-82
Sr-90
Sr-91
Sr-92
Y-87
Zr-95
Zr-97
Mo-99
Tc-95m
Tc-96m
Ru-103
Ru-106
Pd-103
Ag-108m
Ag-110m
Cd-115
In-114m
Sn-113
Sn-121m
Sn-126
Te-127m
Te-129m
Te-131m
Te-132
I-135
Xe-122
Cs-137
Ba-131
Ba-140
Ce-144
Pm-148m
Gd-146
Dy-166
Hf-172
W-178
W-188
Re-189
Os-194
Ir-189
Pt-188
Hg-194
Hg-195m
Pb-210
Pb-212
Bi-210m
Bi-212
At-211
Rn-222
Ra-223
Ra-224
Ra-225
Ra-228
Ac-225
Ac-227
Th-228
Th-234
Pa-230
U-230
U-235
Pu-241
Pu-244
Am-242m
Am-243
Cm-247
Bk-249
Cf-253

Al-28
Sc-47
Sc-44
Mn-52m
Co-60m
Zn-69
Ga-68
Kr-83m
Rb-82
Y-90
Y-91m
Y-92
Sr-87m
Nb-95m
Nb-97m, Nb-97
Tc-99m
Tc-95
Tc-96
Rh-103m
Rh-106
Rh-103m
Ag-108
Ag-110
In-115m
In-114
In-113m
Sn-121
Sb-126m
Te-127
Te-129
Te-131
I-132
Xe-135m
I-122
Ba-137m
Cs-131
La-140
Pr-144m, Pr-144
Pm-148
Eu-146
Ho-166
Lu-172
Ta-178
Re-188
Os-189m
Ir-194
Os-189m
Ir-188
Au-194
Hg-195
Bi-210
Bi-212, Po-212, TI-208
Tl-206
Tl-208, Po-212
Po-211
Po-218, Pb-214, At-218, Bi-214, Po-214
Rn-219, Po-215, Pb-211, Bi-211, Po-211, Tl-207
Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208, Po-212
Ac-225, Fr-221, At-217, Bi-213, Tl-209, Po-213, Pb-209
Ac-228
Fr-221, At-217, Bi-213, Po-213, Pb-209, TI-209
Fr-223
Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208, Po-212
Pa-234m, Pa-234
Ac-226, Th-226, Fr-222, Ra-222, Rn-218, Po-214
Th-226, Ra-222, Rn-218, Po-214
Th-231
U-237
U-240, Np-240m
Am-242, Np-238
Np-239
Pu-243
Am-245
Cm-249

bThe values of A1 and A2 in Curies (Ci) are approximate and for information only; the regulatory standard units are terabecquerels (TBq).
cThe activity of Ir-192 in special form may be determined from a measurement of the rate of decay or a measurement of the radiation level at a prescribed distance from the source.
dThese values apply only to compounds of uranium that take the chemical form of UF6, UO2F2 and UO2(NO3)2 in both normal and accident conditions of transport.
eThese values apply only to compounds of uranium that take the chemical form of UO3, UF4, UCl4 and hexavalent compounds in both normal and accident conditions of transport.
fThese values apply to all compounds of uranium other than those specified in notes d and e of this table.
gThese values apply to unirradiated uranium only.
h A2 = 0.74 TBq (20 Ci) for Mo-99 for domestic use.

G. Table 2. Exempt Material Activity Concentrations and Exempt Consignment Activity Limits for Radionuclides.

Symbol of radionuclide

Element and atomic number

Activity concentration for exempt material (Bq/g)

Activity concentration for exempt material (Ci/g)

Activity limit for exempt consignment (Bq)

Activity limit for exempt consignment (Ci)

Ac-225

Actinium (89)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Ac-227

1.0X10-1

2.7X10-12

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

Ac-228

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ag-105

Silver (47)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ag-108m (b)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ag-110m

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ag-111

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Al-26

Aluminum (13)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Am-241

Americium (95)

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Am-242m (b)

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Am-243 (b)

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

Ar-37

Argon (18)

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

1.0X108

2.7X10-3

Ar-39

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Ar-41

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X109

2.7X10-2

As-72

Arsenic (33)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

As-73

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

As-74

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

As-76

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

As-77

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

At-211

Astatine (85)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Au-193

Gold (79)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Au-194

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Au-195

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Au-198

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Au-199

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ba-131

Barium (56)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ba-133

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ba-133m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ba-140 (b)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Be-7

Beryllium (4)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Be-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Bi-205

Bismuth (83)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Bi-206

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Bi-207

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Bi-210

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Bi-210m

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Bi-212 (b)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Bk-247

Berkelium (97)

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Bk-249

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Br-76

Bromine (35)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Br-77

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Br-82

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

C-11

Carbon (6)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

C-14

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Ca-41

Calcium (20)

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Ca-45

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Ca-47

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Cd-109

Cadmium (48)

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Cd-113m

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Cd-115

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Cd-115m

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ce-139

Cerium (58)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ce-141

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Ce-143

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ce-144 (b)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Cf-248

Californium (98)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Cf-249

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

Cf-250

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Cf-251

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

Cf-252

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Cf-253

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Cf-254

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

Cl-36

Chlorine (17)

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Cl-38

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Cm-240

Curium (96)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Cm-241

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Cm-242

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Cm-243

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Cm-244

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Cm-245

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

Cm-246

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

Cm-247

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Cm-248

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

Co-55

Cobalt (27)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Co-56

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Co-57

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Co-58

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Co-58m

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Co-60

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Cr-51

Chromium (24)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Cs-129

Cesium (55)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Cs-131

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Cs-132

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Cs-134

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Cs-134m

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Cs-135

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Cs-136

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Cs-137 (b)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Cu-64

Copper (29)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Cu-67

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Dy-159

Dysprosium (66)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Dy-165

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Dy-166

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Er-169

Erbium (68)

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Er-171

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Eu-147

Europium (63)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Eu-148

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Eu-149

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Eu-150 (short lived)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Eu-150 (long lived)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Eu-152

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Eu-152m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Eu-154

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Eu-155

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Eu-156

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

F-18

Fluorine (9)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Fe-52

Iron (26)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Fe-55

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Fe-59

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Fe-60

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Ga-67

Gallium (31)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ga-68

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Ga-72

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Gd-146

Gadolinium (64)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Gd-148

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Gd-153

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Gd-159

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ge-68

Germanium (32)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Ge-71

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X108

2.7X10-3

Ge-77

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Hf-172

Hafnium (72)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Hf-175

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Hf-181

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Hf-182

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Hg-194

Mercury (80)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Hg-195m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Hg-197

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Hg-197m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Hg-203

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Ho-166

Holmium (67)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Ho-166m

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

I-123

Iodine (53)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

I-124

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

I-125

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

I-126

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

I-129

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

I-131

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

I-132

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

I-133

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

I-134

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

I-135

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

In-111

Indium (49)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

In-113m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

In-114m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

In-115m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ir-189

Iridium (77)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Ir-190

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ir-192

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Ir-194

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

K-40

Potassium (19)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

K-42

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

K-43

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Kr-79

Krypton (36)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Kr-81

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Kr-85

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Kr-85m

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X1010

2.7X10-1

Kr-87

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X109

2.7X10-2

La-137

Lanthanum (57)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

La-140

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Lu-172

Lutetium (71)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Lu-173

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Lu-174

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Lu-174m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Lu-177

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Mg-28

Magnesium (12)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Mn-52

Manganese (25)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Mn-53

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X109

2.7X10-2

Mn-54

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Mn-56

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Mo-93

Molybdenum (42)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X108

2.7X10-3

Mo-99

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

N-13

Nitrogen (7)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X109

2.7X10-2

Na-22

Sodium (11)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Na-24

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Nb-93m

Niobium (41)

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Nb-94

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Nb-95

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Nb-97

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Nd-147

Neodymium (60)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Nd-149

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ni-59

Nickel (28)

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X108

2.7X10-3

Ni-63

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

1.0X108

2.7X10-3

Ni-65

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Np-235

Neptunium (93)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Np-236 (short-lived)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Np-236 (long-lived)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Np-237 (b)

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

Np-239

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Os-185

Osmium (76)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Os-191

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Os-191m

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Os-193

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Os-194

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

P-32

Phosphorus (15)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

P-33

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

1.0X108

2.7X10-3

Pa-230

Protactinium (91)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Pa-231

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

Pa-233

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Pb-201

Lead (82)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Pb-202

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Pb-203

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Pb-205

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Pb-210 (b)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Pb-212 (b)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Pd-103

Palladium (46)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X108

2.7X10-3

Pd-107

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

1.0X108

2.7X10-3

Pd-109

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Pm-143

Promethium (61)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Pm-144

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Pm-145

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Pm-147

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Pm-148m

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Pm-149

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Pm-151

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Po-210

Polonium (84)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Pr-142

Praseodymium (59)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Pr-143

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Pt-188

Platinum (78)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Pt-191

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Pt-193

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Pt-193m

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Pt-195m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Pt-197

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Pt-197m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Pu-236

Plutonium (94)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Pu-237

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Pu-238

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Pu-239

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Pu-240

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

Pu-241

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Pu-242

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Pu-244

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Ra-223 (b)

Radium (88)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Ra-224 (b)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Ra-225

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Ra-226 (b)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Ra-228 (b)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Rb-81

Rubidium (37)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Rb-83

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Rb-84

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Rb-86

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Rb-87

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Rb(nat)

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Re-184

Rhenium (75)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Re-184m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Re-186

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Re-187

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

1.0X109

2.7X10-2

Re-188

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Re-189

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Re(nat)

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

1.0X109

2.7X10-2

Rh-99

Rhodium (45)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Rh-101

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Rh-102

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Rh-102m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Rh-103m

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X108

2.7X10-3

Rh-105

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Rn-222 (b)

Radon (86)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X108

2.7X10-3

Ru-97

Ruthenium (44)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Ru-103

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ru-105

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ru-106 (b)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

S-35

Sulphur (16)

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

1.0X108

2.7X10-3

Sb-122

Antimony (51)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Sb-124

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Sb-125

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Sb-126

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Sc-44

Scandium (21)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Sc-46

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Sc-47

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Sc-48

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Se-75

Selenium (34)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Se-79

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Si-31

Silicon (14)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Si-32

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Sm-145

Samarium (62)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Sm-147

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Sm-151

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X108

2.7X10-3

Sm-153

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Sn-113

Tin (50)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Sn-117m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Sn-119m

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Sn-121m

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Sn-123

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Sn-125

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Sn-126

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Sr-82

Strontium (38)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Sr-85

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Sr-85m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Sr-87m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Sr-89

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Sr-90 (b)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Sr-91

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Sr-92

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

T(H-3)

Tritium (1)

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

1.0X109

2.7X10-2

Ta-178 (long-lived)

Tantalum (73)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Ta-179

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Ta-182

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Tb-157

Terbium (65)

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Tb-158

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Tb-160

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Tc-95m

Technetium (43)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Tc-96

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Tc-96m

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Tc-97

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X108

2.7X10-3

Tc-97m

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Tc-98

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Tc-99

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Tc-99m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Te-121

Tellurium (52)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Te-121m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Te-123m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Te-125m

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Te-127

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Te-127m

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Te-129

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Te-129m

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Te-131m

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Te-132

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Th-227

Thorium (90)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Th-228 (b)

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Th-229 (b)

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

Th-230

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Th-231

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Th-232

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Th-234 (b)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Th (nat) (b)

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

Ti-44

Titanium (22)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Tl-200

Thallium (81)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Tl-201

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Tl-202

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Tl-204

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Tm-167

Thulium (69)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Tm-170

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Tm-171

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X108

2.7X10-3

U-230 (fast lung absorption) (b),(d)

Uranium (92)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

U-230 (medium lung absorption) (e)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

U-230 (slow lung absorption) (f)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

U-232 (fast lung absorption) (b),(d)

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

U-232 (medium lung absorption) (e)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

U-232 (slow lung absorption) (f)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

U-233 (fast lung absorption) (d)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

U-233 (medium lung absorption) (e)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

U-233 (slow lung absorption) (f)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

U-234 (fast lung absorption) (d)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

U-234 (medium lung absorption) (e)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

U-234 (slow lung absorption) (f)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

U-235 (all lung absorption types) (b),(d),(e),(f)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

U-236 (fast lung absorption) (d)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

U-236 (medium lung absorption) (e)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

U-236 (slow lung absorption) (f)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

U-238 (all lung absorption types) (b),(d),(e),(f)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

U (nat) (b)

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

U (enriched to 20% or less) (g)

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

U (dep)

1.0

2.7X10-11

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

V-48

Vanadium (23)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

V-49

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

W-178

Tungsten (74)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

W-181

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

W-185

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

W-187

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

W-188

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Xe-122

Xenon (54)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X109

2.7X10-2

Xe-123

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X109

2.7X10-2

Xe-127

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Xe-131m

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Xe-133

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

Xe-135

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X1010

2.7X10-1

Y-87

Yttrium (39)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Y-88

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Y-90

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Y-91

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Y-91m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Y-92

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Y-93

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

Yb-169

Ytterbium (70)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Yb-175

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Zn-65

Zinc (30)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Zn-69

1.0X104

2.7X10-7

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Zn-69m

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Zr-88

Zirconium (40)

1.0X102

2.7X10-9

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Zr-93 (b)

1.0X103

2.7X10-8

1.0X107

2.7X10-4

Zr-95

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X106

2.7X10-5

Zr-97 (b)

1.0X101

2.7X10-10

1.0X105

2.7X10-6

a(Reserved)
bParent nuclides and their progeny included in secular equilibrium are listed in the following:

Sr-90

Y-90

Zr-93

Nb-93m

Zr-97

Nb-97

Ru-106

Rh-106

Cs-137

Ba-137m

Ce-144

Pr-144

Ba-140

La-140

Bi-212

Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)

Pb-210

Bi-210, Po-210

Pb-212

Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)

Rn-222

Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214

Ra-223

Rn-219, Po-215, Pb-211, Bi-211, Tl-207

Ra-224

Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208(0.36), Po-212 (0.64)

Ra-226

Rn-222, Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214, Pb-210, Bi-210, Po-210

Ra-228

Ac-228

Th-228

Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)

Th-229

Ra-225, Ac-225, Fr-221, At-217, Bi-213, Po-213, Pb-209

Th-nat

Ra-228, Ac-228, Th-228, Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)

Th-234

Pa-234m

U-230

Th-226, Ra-222, Rn-218, Po-214

U-232

Th-228, Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64)

U-235

Th-231

U-238

Th-234, Pa-234m

U-nat

Th-234, Pa-234m, U-234, Th-230, Ra-226, Rn-222, Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214, Pb-210, Bi-210, Po-210

Np-237

Pa-233

Am-242m

Am-242

Am-243

Np-239

c(Reserved)
dThese values apply only to compounds of uranium that take the chemical form of UF6, UO2F2 and UO2(NO3)2 in both normal and accident conditions of transport.
eThese values apply only to compounds of uranium that take the chemical form of UO3, UF4, UCl4 and hexavalent compounds in both normal and accident conditions of transport.
fThese values apply to all compounds of uranium other than those specified in notes (d) and (e) of this table.
gThese values apply to unirradiated uranium only.

H. Table 3. General Values for A1 and A2.

Contents

A1

A2

Activity concentration for exempt material
(Bq/g)

Activity concentration for exempt material (Ci/g)

Activity limits for exempt consignments (Bq)

Activity limits for exempt consignments (Ci)

(TBq)

(Ci)

(TBq)

(Ci)

Only beta or gamma emitting radionuclides are known to be present

1 x 10-1

2.7 x 100

2 x 10-2

5.4 x 10-1

1 x 101

2.7 x10-10

1 x 104

2.7 x10-7

Alpha emitting radionuclides, but no neutron emitters, are known to be present (a)

2 x 10-1

5.4 x 100

9 x 10-5

2.4 x 10-3

1 x 10-1

2.7 x10-12

1 x 103

2.7 x10-8

Neutron emitting nuclides are known to be present or no relevant data are available

1 x 10-3

2.7 x 10-2

9 x 10-5

2.4 x 10-3

1 x 10-1

2.7 x 10-12

1 x 103

2.7 x 10-8

aIf beta or gamma emitting nuclides are known to be present, the A1 value of 0.1 TBq (2.7 Ci) should be used.

I. Table 4. Activity-Mass Relationships for Uranium.

Uranium Enrichment1
wt % U-235 present

Specific Activity

TBq/g

Ci/g

0.45

1.8 x 10-8

5.0 x 10-7

0.72

2.6 x 10-8

7.1 x 10-7

1

2.8 x 10-8

7.6 x 10-7

1.5

3.7 x 10-8

1.0 x 10-6

5

1.0 x 10-7

2.7 x 10-6

10

1.8 x 10-7

4.8 x 10-6

20

3.7 x 10-7

1.0 x 10-5

35

7.4 x 10-7

2.0 x 10-5

50

9.3 x 10-7

2.5 x 10-5

90

2.2 x 10-6

5.8 x 10-5

93

2.6 x 10-6

7.0 x 10-5

95

3.4 x 10-6

9.1 x 10-5

1The figures for uranium include representative values for the activity of the uranium-234 that is concentrated during the enrichment process.

Statutory Authority

§ 32.1-229 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 18, eff. June 12, 2008; amended, Virginia Register Volume 32, Issue 24, eff. August 25, 2016; Volume 34, Issue 2, eff. October 18, 2017; Volume 39, Issue 24, eff. August 16, 2023.

12VAC5-481-3780. Nationally tracked source thresholds.

The terabecquerel (TBq) values are the regulatory standard. The curie (Ci) values specified are obtained by converting from the TBq value. The curie values are provided for practical usefulness only and are rounded after conversion.

Radioactive material

Category 1 (TBq)

Category 1 (Ci)

Category 2 (TBq)

Category 2 (Ci)

Actinium-227

20

540

0.2

5.4

Americium-241

60

1,600

0.6

16

Americium-241/Be

60

1,600

0.6

16

Californium-252

20

540

0.2

5.4

Cobalt-60

30

810

0.3

8.1

Curium-244

50

1,400

0.5

14

Cesium-137

100

2,700

1

27

Gadolinium-153

1,000

27,000

10

270

Iridium-192

80

2,200

0.8

22

Plutonium-238

60

1,600

0.6

16

Plutonium-239/Be

60

1,600

0.6

16

Polonium-210

60

1,600

0.6

16

Promethium-147

40,000

1,100,000

400

11,000

Radium-226

40

1,100

0.4

11

Selenium-75

200

5,400

2

54

Strontium-90

1,000

27,000

10

270

Thorium-228

20

540

0.2

5.4

Thorium-229

20

540

0.2

5.4

Thulium-170

20,000

540,000

200

5,400

Ytterbium-169

300

8,100

3

81

Statutory Authority

§ 32.1-229 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 18, eff. June 12, 2008.

Website addresses provided in the Virginia Administrative Code to documents incorporated by reference are for the reader's convenience only, may not necessarily be active or current, and should not be relied upon. To ensure the information incorporated by reference is accurate, the reader is encouraged to use the source document described in the regulation.

As a service to the public, the Virginia Administrative Code is provided online by the Virginia General Assembly. We are unable to answer legal questions or respond to requests for legal advice, including application of law to specific fact. To understand and protect your legal rights, you should consult an attorney.