Manufactured Home Lot Rental Act
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Title Number:
1 General Provisions
2.2 Administration of Government
3.2 Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food
4.1 Alcoholic Beverage Control Act
5.1 Aviation
6.2 Financial Institutions and Services
8.01 Civil Remedies and Procedure
8.1A Uniform Commercial Code -- General Provisions
8.2 Commercial Code - Sales
8.2A Commercial Code -- Leases
8.3A Commercial Code -- Negotiable Instruments
8.4 Commercial Code -- Bank Deposits and Collections
8.4A Commercial Code -- Funds Transfers
8.5A Uniform Commercial Code -- Letters of Credit
8.7 Commercial Code -- Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title
8.8A Commercial Code -- Investment Securities
8.9A Commercial Code -- Secured Transactions
8.10 Commercial Code -- Effective Date -- Transitional Provisions
8.11 1973 Amendatory Act -- Effective Date and Transition Provisions
9.1 Commonwealth Public Safety
10.1 Conservation
11 Contracts
12.1 State Corporation Commission
13.1 Corporations
15.2 Counties, Cities and Towns
16.1 Courts Not of Record
17.1 Courts of Record
18.2 Crimes and Offenses Generally
19.2 Criminal Procedure
20 Domestic Relations
21 Drainage, Soil Conservation, Sanitation and Public Facilities Districts
22.1 Education
23.1 Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions
24.2 Elections
25.1 Eminent Domain
27 Fire Protection
28.2 Fisheries and Habitat of the Tidal Waters
29.1 Game, Inland Fisheries and Boating
30 General Assembly
32.1 Health
33.2 Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems
34 Homestead and Other Exemptions
35.1 Hotels, Restaurants, Summer Camps, and Campgrounds
36 Housing
37.2 Behavioral Health and Developmental Services
38.2 Insurance
40.1 Labor and Employment
41.1 Land Office
42.1 Libraries
43 Mechanics' and Certain Other Liens
44 Military and Emergency Laws
45.1 Mines and Mining
46.2 Motor Vehicles
47.1 Notaries and Out-of-State Commissioners
48 Nuisances
49 Oaths, Affirmations and Bonds
50 Partnerships
51.1 Pensions, Benefits, and Retirement
51.5 Persons with Disabilities
52 Police (State)
53.1 Prisons and Other Methods of Correction
54.1 Professions and Occupations
55 Property and Conveyances
56 Public Service Companies
57 Religious and Charitable Matters; Cemeteries
58.1 Taxation
59.1 Trade and Commerce
60.2 Unemployment Compensation
61.1 Warehouses, Cold Storage and Refrigerated Locker Plants
62.1 Waters of the State, Ports and Harbors
63.2 Welfare (Social Services)
64.2 Wills, Trusts, and Fiduciaries
65.2 Workers' Compensation
66 Juvenile Justice
67 Virginia Energy Plan
Starting Section:
55-1 Aliens May Acquire, Hold and Transmit Real Estate; When Reciprocity Required
55-2 When Deed or Will Necessary to Convey Estate; No Parol Partition or Gift Valid
55-3 When Gift of Goods or Chattels Invalid
55-4 Suicide or Attainder
55-5 Estates to Lie in Grant As Well As in Livery
55-6 Same Estates May Be Created by Deed As by Will
55-7 Power of Disposal in Life Tenant Not to Defeat Remainder Unless Exercised; Power of Disposal Held by Fiduciary
55-7.1 Repealed
55-8 Default or Surrender of Tenant for Life Not to Prejudice Remainderman, Etc
55-9 Conveyance of Estate or Interest in Property by Grantor to Himself and Another
55-10 Deed Good for Grantor's Right; Operation of Warranty
55-11 Grant, Etc., without Words of Limitation
55-12 Fee Tail Converted into Fee Simple
55-12.1 Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities
55-12.2 When Nonvested Property Interest or Power of Appointment Created
55-12.3 Reformation
55-12.4 Exclusions from Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities
55-12.5 Prospective Application
55-12.6 Uniformity of Application and Construction
55-13 Certain Limitations Construed
55-13.1 Employee Trusts
55-13.2 Determination of "Lives in Being" for Purpose of Rule Against Perpetuities
55-13.3 Application of the Rule Against Perpetuities to Nondonative Transfers
55-14 Estate of Freehold to One with Remainder to Heirs, Etc.; Rule in Shelley's Case Abolished
55-14.1 Doctrine of Worthier Title Abolished
55-15 When Contingent Remainder Not to Fail
55-16 When Remainders Not Defeated
55-17 In What Conveyances Possession Transferred to the Use
55-17.1 Land Trusts Not to Fail Because No Beneficiaries Are Specified by Name and No Duties Laid on Trustee; When Interest of Beneficiaries Deemed Personal Property; Liens
55-18 Deed of Release Effectual
55-19 Repealed
55-19.1 Repealed
55-19.2 Repealed
55-19.3 Repealed
55-19.5 Provision in Certain Trust Void
55-20 Survivorship Between Joint Tenants Abolished
55-20.1 Joint Ownership in Real and Personal Property
55-20.2 Tenants by the Entireties in Real and Personal Property; Certain Trusts
55-21 Exceptions to § 55-20
55-22 When Person Not a Party, Etc., May Take or Sue under Instrument
55-23 Informalities in Deeds Made by Attorneys-In-Fact
55-24 Time for Objections to Irregularities in Advertising Sales Made by Trustees
55-25 Recovery at Death of Life Tenant of Taxes Paid on Life Estate
55-25.1 Repealed
55-26 Repealed
55-26.1 Validity
55-27 Repealed
55-34.1 Repealed
55-35 How Married Women May Acquire and Dispose of Property
55-36 Contracts of, and Suits by and Against, Married Women
55-37 Spouse Not Responsible for Other Spouse's Contracts, Etc.; Mutual Liability for Necessaries; Responsibility of Personal Representative
55-38 Wife's Right of Entry into Land Not Barred by Certain Judgments; When She May Defend Her Right in Lands Which Are Her Inheritance
55-39 Rights of Wife, Etc., Not Affected by Husband's Acts Only
55-40 Repealed
55-41 Conveyance from Husband and Wife; Effect on Right of Wife or Husband
55-42 Repealed
55-42.1 How Infant Spouse May Release Interests in Spouse's Property
55-43 Appointment of Attorney in Fact by Married Women; Effect of Writing Executed by Such Attorney
55-44 Repealed
55-46 How Estate of a Married Woman to Pass at Death
55-47 Repealed
55-47.01 Equitable Separate Estates Abolished
55-47.1 Tangible Personal Property
55-48 Form of a Deed
55-49 How Construed
55-49.1 Construction of Generic Terms
55-50 Appurtenances, Etc., Included in Deed of Land; Relocation of Easement
55-50.1 Enjoyment of Easement
55-50.2 Utility Easements
55-50.3 Public Road Easements; Maintenance and Improvements
55-50.4 Private Roads; Public Use; Maintenance and Improvements
55-51 Deeds Good Between Parties
55-52 Conveyance of Property Not Owned but Subsequently Acquired
55-53 Vendor's Equitable Lien Abolished
55-54 Certain Deeds to County Real Estate Validated
55-55 Validation of Sales, Etc., by County Courts Prior to 1860
55-56 Deeds and Writings Executed for Persons in Military Service, Etc., under Defective Powers
55-57 Form of a Lease
55-57.1 Memoranda of Leases and Options
55-57.2 Effect of Option; Recording
55-58 Form of Deed of Trust to Secure Debts, Etc
55-58.1 Requirements for Trustees
55-58.2 Credit Line Deed of Trust Defined; Relative Priority of Credit Line Deed of Trust and Other Instruments of Judgment
55-58.3 Priority of Residential Refinance Mortgage over Subordinate Mortgage
55-59 How Deed of Trust Construed; Duties, Rights, Etc., of Parties
55-59.1 Notices Required Before Sale by Trustee to Owners, Lienors, Etc.; If Note Lost
55-59.1:1 Expired
55-59.2 Advertisement Required Before Sale by Trustee
55-59.3 Contents of Advertisements of Sale
55-59.4 Powers and Duties of Trustee in Event of Sale under or Satisfaction of Deed of Trust
55-60 Meaning of Phrases That May Be Included in Such Trust Deed
55-60.1 Evidences of Indebtedness Placed on Equal Footing
55-61 Sales under Deeds of Trust Which Contain No Maturity Date or Provision Authorizing Sale
55-61.1 Validation of Conveyances of Real Property under Trust Instrument Not Authorizing Sale
55-62 Permissible Form for Notice of Sale under Deed of Trust
55-63 Construction of Deeds Requiring Notice by Advertisement in Newspaper
55-64 Disposition of Surplus from Trustee's Sale After Death of Grantor
55-64.1 Title to Real Estate Sold Not Affected by Nonlisting of Secured Notes for Taxation
55-65 Validation of Certain Sales Made under Deeds of Trust
55-65.1 Validation of Certain Sales Made under Deeds of Trust Prior to October 1, 1977
55-66 Validation of Other Sales under Deeds of Trust
55-66.01 Protection of Assignees or Transferees of Debts Secured by Real Estate; Form of Certificate of Transfer
55-66.1 Repealed
55-66.1:01 Repealed
55-66.1:1 Required Notice of Foreclosure or Repossession
55-66.2 Release to Person Dead Inures to Successors
55-66.3 Release of Deed of Trust or Other Lien
55-66.3:1 Release by Financial Institution Upon Payment of Debt Placed with It for Collection
55-66.4 Partial Satisfaction or Release
55-66.4:1 Permissible Form for Certificate of Satisfaction or Certificate of Partial Satisfaction
55-66.4:2 Where Certificates of Satisfaction Are to Be Indexed
55-66.5 Releases Made by Court; Costs and Attorney Fees
55-66.6 Recordation of Certificate of Satisfaction, Etc., Required When Release of Lien Recorded
55-66.7 Repealed
55-66.8 Applicability
55-66.9 Definitions
55-66.10 Document of Rescission; Effect; Liability for Wrongful Recording
55-66.11 Secured Creditor to Submit Satisfaction for Recording; Liability for Failure
55-66.12 Form and Effect of Satisfaction
55-66.13 Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act
55-66.14 Uniform Standards
55-67 Effect of Word "Covenants."
55-68 Effect of Covenant of General Warranty
55-69 Of Special Warranty
55-70 Words "With General Warranty," "With Special Warranty" and "With English Covenants of Title" Construed
55-70.1 Implied Warranties on New Homes
55-70.2 Effect of Certain Transfer Fee Covenants
55-71 Covenant of "Right to Convey."
55-72 For "Quiet Possession" and "Free from Encumbrances."
55-73 For "Further Assurances."
55-74 Of "No Act to Encumber."
55-75 Effect of Certain Words of Release in a Deed
55-76 Of Lessee "To Pay the Rent" and "To Pay the Taxes."
55-77 "That He Will Not Assign, Etc.," and "That He Will Leave the Premises in Good Repair."
55-78 Covenant "For Lessee's Quiet Enjoyment."
55-79 Effect of Provision for Reentry by Lessor
55-79.01 Definitions
55-79.02 Form of Instrument
55-79.03 Changes in Amount of Rent
55-79.04 Encumbrance on Real Property
55-79.05 Redemption Rights
55-79.06 Incorporation of Agreement into Deed
55-79.1 Title
55-79.2 Definitions
55-79.3 Establishment of Horizontal Property Regime
55-79.4 Apartments Subject to Individual Titles and Interests; Recording; Transfer of Garage Unit
55-79.5 Joint or Common Ownership
55-79.6 Exclusive and Common Rights of Owners
55-79.7 Master Deed or Lease; Recordation; Particulars
55-79.8 Deeds of Individual Apartments
55-79.9 Regrouping or Merger of Estates with Principal Property
55-79.10 Merger Not to Bar Subsequent Horizontal Property Regime
55-79.11 Bylaws Governing Administration of Buildings
55-79.12 Books and Records; Inspection; Audit
55-79.13 Contributions by Co-Owners
55-79.14 Laws Relating to Exemptions Made Applicable; Property Taxes Assessed on Individual Apartments
55-79.15 Payment of Assessments Upon Conveyance of Apartment
55-79.16 Developer to Notify Board Prior to Offering Project for Sale
55-79.17 Notice to Be Accompanied by Fee and Questionnaire
55-79.18 Inspection of Project by Board
55-79.19 Fee for Inspection
55-79.20 Waiver of Initial Inspection
55-79.21 Public Reports by Board of Examinations
55-79.21:1 Deposits to Be Held in Escrow
55-79.21:2 Management Contract of Developer Limited to Five Years
55-79.22 When Preliminary Report May Be Issued
55-79.23 Prerequisites to Sale of Units by Developer; Purchasers' Receipts for Reports
55-79.24 Subsequent Investigations by Board; Reports
55-79.25 Copies of Board's Public Report
55-79.26 Notice by Developer of Change in Project
55-79.27 Hearings by Board
55-79.28 False Statements or Representations; Violation of Statute or Order of Board
55-79.29 Investigation by Board Upon Belief of Violation by Developer; Examination of Records, Etc
55-79.30 Enjoining Violations
55-79.31 Fees Credited to Special Fund; Expenditure
55-79.32 Chapter Additional and Supplemental
55-79.33 Supplemental Rules and Regulations by Planning and Zoning Commissions
55-79.34 Partition
55-79.35 Liens or Encumbrances
55-79.36 Rule Against Perpetuities; Rule Restricting Unreasonable Restraints on Alienation
55-79.37 Liability of Owner
55-79.38 Compliance by Co-Owner with Bylaws and Administrative Rules and Regulations
55-79.39 How Chapter Cited
55-79.40 Application and Construction of Chapter
55-79.41 Definitions
55-79.41:1 Variation by Agreement
55-79.42 Separate Assessments, Titles and Taxation
55-79.42:1 Association Charges
55-79.43 County and Municipal Ordinances; Nonconforming Conversion Condominiums; Applicability of Uniform Statewide Building Code; Other Regulations
55-79.44 Eminent Domain
55-79.45 How Condominium May Be Created
55-79.46 Release of Liens
55-79.47 Description of Condominium Units
55-79.48 Execution of Condominium Instruments
55-79.49 Recordation of Condominium Instruments
55-79.50 Construction of Condominium Instruments
55-79.51 Complementarity of Condominium Instruments; Controlling Construction
55-79.52 Validity of Condominium Instruments; Discrimination Prohibited
55-79.53 Compliance with Condominium Instruments
55-79.54 Contents of Declaration
55-79.55 Allocation of Interests in the Common Elements
55-79.56 Reallocation of Interests in Common Elements
55-79.57 Assignments of Limited Common Elements; Conversion to Common Element
55-79.58 Contents of Plats and Plans
55-79.58:1 Bond to Insure Completion of Improvements
55-79.59 Preliminary Recordation of Plats and Plans
55-79.60 Easement for Encroachments
55-79.61 Conversion of Convertible Lands
55-79.62 Conversion of Convertible Spaces
55-79.63 Expansion of Condominium
55-79.64 Contraction of Condominium
55-79.65 Easement to Facilitate Conversion and Expansion
55-79.66 Easement to Facilitate Sales
55-79.67 Declarant's Obligation to Complete and Restore
55-79.68 Alterations within Units
55-79.69 Relocation of Boundaries Between Units
55-79.70 Subdivision of Units
55-79.71 Amendment of Condominium Instruments
55-79.71:1 Use of Technology
55-79.71:2 Merger or Consolidation of Condominiums; Procedure
55-79.72 Repealed
55-79.72:1 Termination of Condominium
55-79.72:2 Rights of Mortgagees
55-79.72:3 Statement of Unit Owner Rights
55-79.73 Bylaws to Be Recorded with Declaration; Contents; Unit Owners' Association; Executive Organ; Amendment of Bylaws
55-79.73:1 Amendment to Condominium Instruments; Consent of Mortgagee
55-79.73:2 Reformation of Declaration; Judicial Procedure
55-79.74 Control of Condominium by Declarant
55-79.74:01 Deposit of Funds
55-79.74:1 Books, Minutes and Records; Inspection
55-79.74:2 Management Office
55-79.74:3 Transfer of Special Declarant Rights
55-79.74:4 Declarants Not Succeeding to Special Declarant Rights
55-79.75 Meetings of Unit Owners' Associations and Executive Organ
55-79.75:1 Distribution of Information by Members
55-79.75:2 Display of the Flag of the United States; Necessary Supporting Structures; Affirmative Defense
55-79.76 Meetings of Unit Owners' Associations and Executive Organ; Quorums
55-79.77 Meetings of Unit Owners' Associations and Executive Organ; Voting by Unit Owners; Proxies
55-79.78 Officers
55-79.79 Upkeep of Condominiums; Warranty Against Structural Defects; Statute of Limitations for Warranty; Warranty Review Committee
55-79.80 Control of Common Elements
55-79.80:01 Common Elements; Notice of Pesticide Application
55-79.80:1 Tort and Contract Liability; Judgment Lien
55-79.80:2 Suspension of Services for Failure to Pay Assessments; Corrective Action; Assessment of Charges for Violations; Notice; Hearing; Adoption and Enforcement of Rules
55-79.80:3 Power of Unit Owners' Association to Limit Occupancy of a Unit
55-79.81 Insurance
55-79.82 Repealed
55-79.83 Liability for Common Expenses; Late Fees
55-79.83:1 Reserves for Capital Components
55-79.84 Lien for Assessments
55-79.84:01 Notice of Sale under Deed of Trust
55-79.84:1 Bond to Be Posted by Declarant
55-79.85 Restraints on Alienation
55-79.86 Administrative Agency
55-79.87 Exemptions from Certain Provisions of Article
55-79.87:1 Rental of Units
55-79.88 Limitations on Dispositions of Units
55-79.89 Application for Registration; Fee
55-79.90 Public Offering Statement; Condominium Securities
55-79.91 Inquiry and Examination
55-79.92 Notice of Filing and Registration
55-79.93 Annual Report by Declarant
55-79.93:1 Annual Report by Unit Owners' Association
55-79.93:2 Termination of Registration
55-79.94 Conversion Condominiums; Special Provisions
55-79.95 Escrow of Deposits
55-79.96 Declarant to Deliver Declaration, Etc., to Purchaser
55-79.97 Resale by Purchaser; Resale Certificate; Use of for Sale Sign in Connection with Resale; Designation of Authorized Representative
55-79.97:1 Fees for Resale Certificate
55-79.97:2 Properties Subject to More Than One Declaration
55-79.97:3 Requests by Settlement Agents
55-79.98 General Powers and Duties of the Common Interest Community Board
55-79.99 Investigations and Proceedings
55-79.100 Cease and Desist Orders
55-79.101 Revocation of Registration
55-79.102 Judicial Review
55-79.103 Penalties
55-80 Void Fraudulent Acts; Bona Fide Purchasers Not Affected
55-81 Voluntary Gifts, Etc., Void As to Prior Creditors
55-82 Creditor's Suits to Avoid Such Gifts, Etc
55-82.1 Creditor's Suits; Attorney Fees
55-82.2 Authority of Court to Set Aside
55-83 Repealed
55-87 Loans and Reservations of a Use or Property to Be Recorded
55-88 Repealed
55-95 Certain Recorded Contracts As Valid As Deeds
55-96 Contracts, Etc., Void As to Creditors and Purchasers Until Recorded; Priority of Credit Line Deed of Trust
55-96.1 Repealed
55-97 Where to Be Recorded
55-98 Repealed
55-100 Recordation of Instruments Affecting Civil Aircraft of United States
55-101 Priority of Writings, When Admitted to Record Same Day
55-102 When Writings to Be Recorded in County, and When in Corporation
55-103 Words "Creditors" and "Purchasers," How Construed
55-104 Lien of Subsequent Purchaser for Purchase Money Paid Before Notice
55-105 When Purchaser Not Affected by Record of Deed or Contract
55-106 When and Where Writings Admitted to Record
55-106.1 Recording and Indexing of Certain Documents Showing Changes of Names
55-106.2 Presumption That Writings Admitted to Record Are in Proper Form
55-106.3 Repealed
55-106.4 Deed of Real Estate Investment Trust
55-106.5 When Clerk May Refuse Document to Be Recorded
55-107 Power of Attorney, Where Recorded
55-108 Standards for Writings to Be Docketed or Recorded
55-109 When Original of Writing Once Recorded Is Lost, How Copy Admitted to Record Elsewhere
55-109.1 Certifications of Recordation Upon Counterparts of Certain Instruments and Subsequent Recordation in Other Cities and Counties
55-109.2 Correcting Errors in Deeds, Deeds of Trust, and Mortgages; Affidavit
55-110 Recordation of Copy of Lost Deed Previously Recorded in What Is Now West Virginia
55-111 Repealed
55-112 Continuing in Force Acts Establishing Torrens System
55-113 Acknowledgment within the United States or Its Dependencies
55-114 Acknowledgments Outside of the United States and Its Dependencies
55-114.1 Acknowledgments by Persons Subject to Uniform Code of Military Justice; Validation of Certain Acknowledgments
55-115 Acknowledgments Taken Before Commissioned Officers in Military Service
55-116 Repealed
55-118.1 "Notarial Acts" Defined; Who May Perform Notarial Acts Outside Commonwealth for Use in Commonwealth
55-118.2 Proof of Authority of Person Performing Notarial Act
55-118.3 What Person Taking Acknowledgment Shall Certify
55-118.4 When Form of Certificate of Acknowledgment Accepted
55-118.5 Meaning of "Acknowledged Before Me."
55-118.6 Statutory Short Forms of Acknowledgment
55-118.7 Application of Article; Article Cumulative
55-118.8 Uniform Interpretation
55-118.9 Short Title
55-119 Deeds of Corporations; How to Be Executed and Acknowledged
55-120 Acknowledgments on Behalf of Corporations and Others
55-121 Corporate Acknowledgment Taken Before Officer or Stockholder
55-122 Acts of Notaries Public, Etc., Who Have Held Certain Other Offices
55-123 Validation of Acknowledgments When Seal Not Affixed
55-124 Acknowledgment Taken by Trustee in Deed of Trust
55-125 Acknowledgment Taken by Trustee in Deed of Trust; Later Date
55-125.1 Certain Acknowledgments Taken and Certified Before July 1, 1995
55-126 Acknowledgments Taken by Certain Justices of the Peace, Mayors, Etc
55-127 Acknowledgments Taken by Officers After Expiration of Terms
55-128 Acknowledgments Taken by Notaries in Service During World War I
55-129 Acknowledgments Before Foreign Officials Who Failed to Affix Seals
55-130 Acknowledgments Taken by Notaries in Foreign Countries
55-131 Acknowledgments Taken by Officer Who Was Husband or Wife of Grantee
55-132 Acknowledgment When Notary Certifies Erroneously As to Expiration of Commission
55-132.1 Acknowledgments Before Officer of City or County Consolidating, Etc., Prior to Expiration Date of Commission
55-133 Acknowledgments Taken Before Notary Whose Commission Has Expired
55-134 Acknowledgments Taken Before Notary Whose Commission Has Expired; Later Date; Intervening Vested Rights Saved
55-134.1 Acknowledgments Taken Before Notary Who Was Appointed but Failed to Qualify; Vested Rights Saved
55-134.2 Acknowledgments Taken Before a Notary at Large Who Failed to Cite the Jurisdiction in Which the Acknowledgment Was Taken; Vested Rights Saved
55-135 Deeds Defectively Executed by Corporation
55-136 Deeds to Which Corporate Seal Not Affixed or Not Attested
55-137 Acknowledgments of Corporations Taken by Officers or Stockholders
55-137.1 Recordation Certificate Not Signed by Clerk
55-137.2 Same; When Clerk Has Died
55-138 Recordation of Decrees Affecting Title to Land
55-139 Repealed
55-140 Judgments of United States Courts Affecting Realty
55-141 Decrees and Orders in Bankruptcy
55-142 Repealed
55-142.01 Certificates of Commencement of Case in Bankruptcy
55-142.1 Where Notices and Certificates Affecting Liens to Be Filed
55-142.2 Certification of Notices and Certificates
55-142.3 Duties of Filing Officers
55-142.4 Fees of Filing Officers Other Than Clerk of State Corporation Commission
55-142.5 Fees of Clerk of State Corporation Commission
55-142.6 Construction of Article
55-142.7 Short Title
55-142.8 Certificates and Notices Affecting Liens Filed on or Before July 1, 1970
55-142.9 No Action to Be Brought Against State Corporation Commission or Its Staff
55-142.10 Definitions
55-142.11 Validity of Electronically Filed and Recorded Land Records
55-142.12 Recording of Electronic Documents Among the Land Records
55-142.13 Uniform Standards
55-142.14 Uniformity of Application and Construction
55-142.15 Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act
55-143 Repealed
55-152 Repealed
55-153 Removal; Nature of Plaintiff's Title
55-154 Presumption That No Minerals, Coals, Oils, or Ores Exist in Certain Lands
55-154.1 Repealed
55-154.2 Presumption Regarding Estate of Owner of Mineral Rights
55-155 Suits to Extinguish Certain Claims
55-156 Recordation; Notice of Sale; Preferences Prohibited
55-157 Substitution of Another Trustee by Creditors
55-158 Questioning Claim of Creditor and Determination Thereof
55-159 Provision to Bar Further Claim by Creditors Who Accept Deed
55-160 Compensation of Trustee
55-161 How and When Made
55-162 Trustee; Rights and Duties; Compensation
55-163 Resignation of Trustee
55-164 Debts; Order of Payment
55-165 Exemption from Garnishment, Levy or Distress
55-166 Termination of Assignment by Court
55-167 Clerk to Preserve Papers, Etc.; Fees
55-168 Appointment of Escheators
55-169 Their Bond; Their Removal
55-170 Increase or Reduction of Penalty of Their Bonds; Its Effect
55-170.1 Definition
55-171 Annual Report to Escheator; Lands Not Liable
55-172 Escheator to Hold Inquest; Notice Thereof
55-173 Jury of Inquest, How Summoned, Etc.; Evidence, How Given
55-174 Attendance of Jurors
55-175 How Verdict Signed; Where Returned and Recorded
55-176 Proceedings to Claim Land Escheated
55-177 Trial by Jury; Judgment of Court
55-178 Facts or Evidence to Be Certified
55-179 Lands May Be Committed to Claimant While Claim Pending
55-180 Disposition Thereof, If Not so Committed
55-181 Escheator to Notify State Treasurer of Claim and Decision
55-182 Escheators to Certify Lands Escheated
55-182.1 Removal of Parcels from the Certificate
55-182.2 Escheat of Property with Hazardous Materials
55-183 Publication of Escheator's Certificate
55-184 Repealed
55-184.1 Order of Sale by Governor
55-184.2 Form of Sale Agreement; Notice of Right to Refund
55-185 Repealed
55-186 When Grant to Issue to Purchaser; Reimbursable Expenses
55-186.1 In What Form Grant to Issue
55-186.2 Governor to Sign and Seal Grant; Librarian of Virginia to Record It, Etc.; Delivery to and by State Treasurer
55-186.3 Unrecorded Escheat Grants; Original Lost or Destroyed; Certified Copy of Grant
55-187 Resale in Case of Default
55-188 Repealed
55-189 Reports by Escheators to State Treasurer; Payment of Moneys into State Treasury
55-190 Reports by State Treasurer to the Governor; Penalty on Escheators for Failure of Duty
55-190.1 State Treasurer May Examine Records of Any Commissioner of the Revenue or Escheator
55-191 When State Treasurer to Issue Grant to Purchaser
55-192 Escheator's Pay
55-193 Escheat of Estates in Trust and Equitable Titles
55-194 Provision in Favor of Tenant of Escheated Land
55-195 In Favor of Creditor of Decedent
55-196 Escheators to Defend on Behalf of Commonwealth
55-197 Recovery by Escheator of Decedent's Escheated Residuum, and of Property Derelict; Fee
55-198 Publication of Suit; What to State and Require
55-199 Decree of the Court
55-200 How Money Paid into State Treasury from Escheats May Be Recovered
55-200.1 Rules and Regulations of the State Treasurer
55-201 Continuation of Certain Statutes
55-201.1 Pendency of Escheat Proceedings No Bar to Condemnation Proceedings
55-202 Estray, or Boat Adrift, to Be Valued and Described
55-203 Valuation, Etc., to Be Recorded and Posted
55-204 When Landowner, Etc., Entitled to the Property
55-205 Right of Recovery by Former Owner
55-206 When Landowner, Etc., Not Liable
55-207 Who Entitled to Drift Property
55-208 Conditions on Which Owner May Remove It
55-209 When Owner of Land May Sell Drift Property; Owner of Property Entitled to Proceeds After Payment of Expenses, Etc
55-210 Right of Property to Be Proved
55-210.1 Citation of Chapter
55-210.2 Definitions
55-210.2:1 Property Presumed Abandoned; General Rule
55-210.2:2 General Rules for Taking Custody of Intangible Unclaimed Property
55-210.3 Repealed
55-210.3:01 Bank Deposits and Funds in Financial Organizations
55-210.3:02 Travelers' Checks and Money Orders
55-210.3:1 Repealed
55-210.3:2 Checks, Drafts and Similar Instruments Issued or Certified by Banking and Financial Organizations
55-210.3:3 Contents of Safe Deposit Box or Other Safekeeping Repository
55-210.4 Repealed
55-210.4:01 Funds Owing under Life Insurance Policies
55-210.4:1 When Intangible Personal Property Held by Insurance Corporation Subject to § 55-210.2:1
55-210.4:2 Unclaimed Demutualization Proceeds
55-210.5 Deposits Held by Utilities
55-210.6 Repealed
55-210.6:1 When Intangible Interest in Business Association Presumed Abandoned
55-210.6:2 Refunds Held by Business Associations
55-210.7 Property of Business Associations Held in Course of Dissolution
55-210.8 When Intangible Personal Property Held in Fiduciary Capacity Presumed Abandoned
55-210.8:1 Gift Certificates and Credit Balances
55-210.8:2 Wages
55-210.9 When Intangible Property Held for Owner by Public Agency Presumed Abandoned
55-210.9:1 Property Held by Courts
55-210.9:2 Responsibilities of General Receiver and Clerk
55-210.10 Repealed
55-210.10:1 Employee Benefit Trust Distribution
55-210.10:2 Holder of Tangible or Intangible Personal Property May Voluntarily Report Same
55-210.11 When Certain Property Not Presumed Abandoned in This Commonwealth
55-210.11:01 Interstate Agreements and Cooperation
55-210.11:1 Repealed
55-210.12 Report and Remittance to Be Made by Holder of Funds or Property Presumed Abandoned; Holder to Exercise Due Diligence to Locate Owner
55-210.12:1 Repealed
55-210.13 Notices to Be Published by State Treasurer
55-210.14 Repealed
55-210.15 Holder Relieved of Liability for Property Paid or Delivered to Administrator; Payment to Owner by Holder; Proceedings Against Prior Holder; Notice to Administrator and Attorney General; Reimbursement of Holder
55-210.16 Repealed
55-210.16:1 Crediting of Dividends, Interest, or Increments to Owner's Account
55-210.17 Periods of Limitation
55-210.18 Sale of Abandoned Property by Administrator
55-210.18:1 When Securities Received in Name of Owner
55-210.19 Disposition of Funds Received under Chapter; Records to Be Kept by Administrator
55-210.20 Filing Claim to Property or Proceeds of Sale Thereof
55-210.21 Consideration of and Hearing on Claim by State Treasurer; Payment; Interest
55-210.22 Judicial Review of Decision of State Treasurer
55-210.23 Election of State Treasurer Not to Receive Property or to Postpone Taking Possession of Funds
55-210.24 Requests for Verified Reports and Examinations of Records
55-210.24:1 Retention of Records
55-210.24:2 Confidentiality of Information and Records
55-210.25 Enforcement of Chapter
55-210.26 Repealed
55-210.26:1 Interest and Penalties
55-210.27 Determinations; Appeal Procedures; Rules and Regulations of State Treasurer
55-210.27:1 Agreements to Locate Reported Property; Penalty
55-210.28 Property Presumed Abandoned or Escheated under Laws of Another State
55-210.28:1 Property Held or Payable Pursuant to Title 51.1
55-210.29 Construction of Chapter
55-210.30 Repealed
55-210.31 Definitions
55-210.32 Status of Loaned Property; Statute of Limitations on Recovery
55-210.33 Notice to Lenders of the Provisions of This Chapter
55-210.34 Status of Title to Property Acquired from Museum
55-210.35 Notice of Termination of Loan; Content
55-210.36 Procedure for Giving Notice; Responsibility of Owner
55-210.37 Acquiring Title to Undocumented Property
55-210.38 Status of Property Loaned to or Deposited with Museum Prior to July 1, 2002
55-211 Persons in Possession Liable for Waste
55-212 Also Tenant in Common, Etc
55-213 Also Guardian or Conservator
55-214 Action Therefor; If Waste Wanton, Double Damages
55-215 Waste for Tenant to Sell or Remove Manure from Leased Premises
55-216 Waste Committed During Pendency of Suit
55-217 Applicability; Right to Terminate Tenant
55-217.1 Grantees and Assignees to Have Same Rights Against Lessees As Lessors, Etc
55-218 Lessees, Etc., to Have Same Rights Against Grantees, Etc., As Against Lessors
55-218.1 Appointment of Resident Agent by Nonresident Property Owner; Service of Process, Etc., on Such Agent or on Secretary of the Commonwealth
55-219 Apportionment on Purchase of Part of Land by Holder of Rent, Etc
55-220 What Powers to Pass to Grantee or Devisee; When Attornment Unnecessary
55-220.1 Perfection of Lien or Interest in Leases, Rents and Profits
55-221 When Attornment Void
55-221.1 Community Land Trusts Not Considered Landlords
55-222 Notice to Terminate a Tenancy in Nonresidential Premises; Notice of Change in Use of Multifamily Residential Building
55-222.1 Repealed
55-223 Effect of Failure of Tenant in Nonresidential Premises to Vacate Premises at Expiration of Term
55-224 When Tenant Deserts Nonresidential Premises, How Landlord May Enter, Etc
55-225 Failure to Pay Certain Rents After Five Days' Notice Forfeits Right of Possession
55-225.01 Sections Applicable Only to Certain Residential Tenancies
55-225.02 Definitions for Residential Dwelling Units Subject to This Chapter
55-225.1 Recovery of Possession Limited
55-225.2 Remedies for Landlord's Unlawful Ouster, Exclusion or Diminution of Service
55-225.3 Landlord to Maintain Dwelling Unit
55-225.4 Tenant to Maintain Dwelling Unit
55-225.5 Access Following Entry of Certain Court Orders
55-225.6 Inspection of Dwelling Unit
55-225.7 Disclosure of Mold in Dwelling Units
55-225.8 Repealed
55-225.9 Relocation of Tenant Where Mold Remediation Needs to Be Performed in the Dwelling Unit
55-225.10 Notice to Tenant in Event of Foreclosure
55-225.11 Required Disclosures for Properties with Defective Drywall; Remedy for Nondisclosure
55-225.11:1 Required Disclosures for Properties Located Adjacent to a Military Air Installation; Remedy for Nondisclosure
55-225.12 Tenant's Assertion; Rent Escrow; Dwelling Units
55-225.12:1 Wrongful Failure to Supply Heat, Water, Hot Water, or Essential Services
55-225.13 Noncompliance by Landlord in the Rental of a Dwelling Unit
55-225.13:1 Landlord's Noncompliance As Defense to Action for Possession for Nonpayment of Rent
55-225.14 Rent Escrow Required for Continuance of Tenant's Case in the Rental of a Dwelling Unit
55-225.15 Receipt Required for Certain Rental Payments; Upon Request
55-225.16 Early Termination of Rental Agreements by Victims of Family Abuse, Sexual Abuse, or Criminal Sexual Assault
55-225.17 Required Disclosures for Property Previously Used to Manufacture Methamphetamine; Remedy for Nondisclosure
55-225.18 Retaliatory Conduct Prohibited
55-225.19 Security Deposits
55-225.20 Notice
55-225.21 Application Deposit and Application Fee
55-225.22 Terms and Conditions of Rental Agreement; Copy for Tenant; Rental Payments
55-225.22:1 Prohibited Provisions in Rental Agreements
55-225.23 Prepaid Rent; Maintenance of Escrow Account
55-225.24 Landlord May Obtain Certain Insurance for Tenant
55-225.25 Effect of Unsigned or Undelivered Rental Agreement
55-225.26 Confidentiality of Tenant Records
55-225.27 Landlord and Tenant Remedies for Abuse of Access
55-225.28 Actions to Enforce Remedies Pertaining to Residential Tenancies
55-225.29 Disclosure
55-225.30 Notice to Tenants for Insecticide or Pesticide Use
55-225.31 Limitation of Liability
55-225.32 Tenancy at Will; Effect of Notice of Change of Terms or Provisions of Tenancy
55-225.33 Rules and Regulations
55-225.34 Access; Consent; Correction of Nonemergency Conditions; Relocation of Tenant
55-225.35 Fire or Casualty Damage
55-225.36 Use and Occupancy by Tenant
55-225.37 Tenant to Surrender Possession of Dwelling Unit
55-225.38 Periodic Tenancy; Holdover Remedies
55-225.39 Remedies for Absence, Nonuse and Abandonment
55-225.40 Disposal of Property Abandoned by Tenants
55-225.41 Authority of Sheriff to Store and Sell Personal Property Removed from Residential Premises; Recovery of Possession by Owner; Disposition or Sale
55-225.42 Disposal of Property of Deceased Tenants
55-225.43 Noncompliance with Rental Agreement; Monetary Penalty
55-225.44 Barring Guest or Invitee of Tenants
55-225.45 Sheriff Authorized to Serve Certain Notices; Fees Therefor
55-225.46 Remedy by Repair, Etc.; Emergencies
55-225.47 Landlord's Acceptance of Rent with Reservation
55-225.48 Remedy After Termination
55-225.49 Early Termination of Rental Agreement by Military Personnel
55-225.50 Failure to Deliver Possession
55-226 Nonresidential Buildings Destroyed or Lessee Deprived of Possession; Covenant to Pay Rent or Repair; Reduction of Rent
55-226.1 Security Systems for Commercial Rental Property
55-226.2 Energy Submetering, Energy Allocation Equipment, Sewer and Water Submetering Equipment, Ratio Utility Billings Systems; Local Government Fees
55-227 Remedy for Rent and for Use and Occupation
55-228 Who May Recover Rent, Etc
55-229 Who Liable for Rent
55-230 When and by Whom Distress Made
55-230.1 Procedure for Trial on Warrant in Distress
55-231 On What Goods Levied; to What Extent Goods Liable; Priorities Between Landlord and Other Lienors
55-232 Procedure When Distress Levied and Tenant Unable to Give Forthcoming Bond; What Defense May Be Made
55-232.1 Repealed
55-232.2 Review of Decision to Issue Ex Parte Order or Process; Claim of Exemption
55-233 On What Terms Purchasers and Lienors Inferior to Landlord May Remove Goods; Certain Liens Not Affected
55-234 When Goods of an Undertenant May Be Removed from Leased Premises
55-235 When Officer May Enter by Force to Levy Distress or Attachment
55-236 When Distress Not Unlawful Because of Irregularity, Etc
55-237 Return of Execution; Process of Sale Thereunder
55-237.1 Authority of Sheriffs to Store and Sell Personal Property Removed from Nonresidential Premises; Recovery of Possession by Owner; Disposition or Sale
55-238 Remedy When Rent Is to Be Paid in Other Thing Than Money
55-239 Proceedings to Establish Right of Reentry, and Judgment Therefor
55-240 When Defendant Barred of Relief
55-241 How Trustee or Mortgagee Relieved from the Forfeiture
55-242 How Owner, Etc., Relieved in Equity
55-243 How Judgment of Forfeiture Prevented
55-244 When Suit for Reentry Brought
55-245 Written Act of Reentry to Be Returned and Recorded, and Certificate Thereof Published
55-246 Fee of Clerk
55-246.1 Who May Recover Rent or Possession
55-247 How Person Entitled, Etc., to Lands May Be Restored to His Possession
55-248 Limitation of Suit, Etc., Against Person in Possession by Reentry
55-248.1 Repealed
55-248.2 Short Title
55-248.3 Purposes of Chapter
55-248.3:1 Applicability of Chapter
55-248.4 Definitions
55-248.5 Repealed
55-248.6 Notice
55-248.6:1 Application Deposit and Application Fee
55-248.7 Terms and Conditions of Rental Agreement; Copy for Tenant; Accounting of Rental Payments
55-248.7:1 Prepaid Rent; Maintenance of Escrow Account
55-248.7:2 Landlord May Obtain Certain Insurance for Tenant
55-248.8 Effect of Unsigned or Undelivered Rental Agreement
55-248.9 Prohibited Provisions in Rental Agreements
55-248.9:1 Confidentiality of Tenant Records
55-248.10 Repealed
55-248.10:1 Landlord and Tenant Remedies for Abuse of Access
55-248.11 Repealed
55-248.11:1 Inspection of Premises
55-248.11:2 Disclosure of Mold in Dwelling Units
55-248.12 Disclosure
55-248.12:1 Required Disclosures for Properties Located Adjacent to a Military Air Installation; Remedy for Nondisclosure
55-248.12:2 Required Disclosures for Properties with Defective Drywall; Remedy for Nondisclosure
55-248.12:3 Required Disclosures for Property Previously Used to Manufacture Methamphetamine; Remedy for Nondisclosure
55-248.13 Landlord to Maintain Fit Premises
55-248.13:1 Landlord to Provide Locks and Peepholes
55-248.13:2 Access of Tenant to Cable, Satellite and Other Television Facilities
55-248.13:3 Notice to Tenants for Insecticide or Pesticide Use
55-248.14 Limitation of Liability
55-248.15 Tenancy at Will; Effect of Notice of Change of Terms or Provisions of Tenancy
55-248.15:1 Security Deposits
55-248.15:2 Repealed
55-248.16 Tenant to Maintain Dwelling Unit
55-248.17 Rules and Regulations
55-248.18 Access; Consent; Correction of Nonemergency Conditions; Relocation of Tenant
55-248.18:1 Access Following Entry of Certain Court Orders
55-248.18:2 Relocation of Tenant Where Mold Remediation Needs to Be Performed in the Dwelling Unit
55-248.19 Use and Occupancy by Tenant
55-248.20 Tenant to Surrender Possession of Dwelling Unit
55-248.21 Noncompliance by Landlord
55-248.21:1 Early Termination of Rental Agreement by Military Personnel
55-248.21:2 Early Termination of Rental Agreements by Victims of Family Abuse, Sexual Abuse, or Criminal Sexual Assault
55-248.21:3 Notice to Tenant in Event of Foreclosure
55-248.22 Failure to Deliver Possession
55-248.23 Wrongful Failure to Supply Heat, Water, Hot Water or Essential Services
55-248.24 Fire or Casualty Damage
55-248.25 Landlord's Noncompliance As Defense to Action for Possession for Nonpayment of Rent
55-248.25:1 Rent Escrow Required for Continuance of Tenant's Case
55-248.26 Tenant's Remedies for Landlord's Unlawful Ouster, Exclusion or Diminution of Service
55-248.27 Tenant's Assertion; Rent Escrow
55-248.28 Repealed
55-248.31 Noncompliance with Rental Agreement; Monetary Penalty
55-248.31:01 Barring Guest or Invitee of Tenants
55-248.31:1 Sheriffs Authorized to Serve Certain Notices; Fees Therefor
55-248.32 Remedy by Repair, Etc.; Emergencies
55-248.33 Remedies for Absence, Nonuse and Abandonment
55-248.34 Repealed
55-248.34:1 Landlord's Acceptance of Rent with Reservation
55-248.35 Remedy After Termination
55-248.36 Recovery of Possession Limited
55-248.37 Periodic Tenancy; Holdover Remedies
55-248.38 Repealed
55-248.38:1 Disposal of Property Abandoned by Tenants
55-248.38:2 Authority of Sheriffs to Store and Sell Personal Property Removed from Residential Premises; Recovery of Possession by Owner; Disposition or Sale
55-248.38:3 Disposal of Property of Deceased Tenants
55-248.39 Retaliatory Conduct Prohibited
55-248.40 Actions to Enforce Chapter
55-248.41 Definitions
55-248.42 Written Agreement Required
55-248.42:1 Term of Rental Agreement; Renewal; Security Deposits
55-248.43 Landlord's Obligations
55-248.44 Tenant's Obligations
55-248.44:1 Rent; Liability of Secured Party Taking Possession of an Abandoned Manufactured Home
55-248.45 Demands and Charges Prohibited; Access by Tenant's Invitees; Purchases by Manufactured Home Owner Not Restricted; Exception; Conditions of Occupancy
55-248.45:1 Charge for Utility Service
55-248.46 Termination of Tenancy
55-248.46:1 Waiver of Landlord's Right to Terminate
55-248.47 Sale or Lease of Manufactured Home by Owner
55-248.48 Other Provisions of Law Applicable
55-248.49 Power of Local Governments over Manufactured Home Parks
55-248.49:1 Notice of Uncorrected Violations
55-248.50 Retaliatory Conduct Prohibited
55-248.50:1 Eviction of Resident
55-248.50:2 Right to Sell Home Upon Eviction
55-248.51 Penalties for Violation of Chapter
55-248.52 Injunctive Relief
55-249 Law of Emblements
55-250 What Rent Tenant Entitled to Emblements to Pay
55-251 Compensation to Outgoing Tenant for Preparation of Land for Crop
55-252 Lessee of Life Tenant, Etc., to Hold to End of Year on Death of Tenant; Apportionment of Rent
55-253 Repealed
55-268.1 Repealed
55-268.11 Repealed
55-269 Repealed
55-269.1 Annuity Table
55-270 Rule of Calculation
55-271 Example
55-272 Repealed
55-272.1 Table of Uniform Seniority
55-273 Rules of Calculation under § 55-272.1
55-274 Makehamized Mortality Table
55-275 Repealed
55-276 Commutation in Case of Persons under Disability
55-277 Commutation of Certain Life Estates
55-277.1 Repealed
55-278 Repealed
55-287 Virginia Coordinate Systems Designated
55-288 Repealed
55-288.1 North and South Zones
55-289 Designation of Systems in Land Description
55-290 Plane Coordinates Used in Systems
55-291 Tract of Land Lying in Both Coordinate Zones
55-292 Definition of Systems by National Ocean Survey/National Geodetic Survey; Adopted
55-293 Position of Systems
55-294 Limitation on Use of Systems
55-295 Limitation on Use of Name of Systems
55-296 Use of System Not Compulsory
55-297 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Designated As Administrative Agency
55-297.1 Repealed
55-297.2 Repealed
55-298 Repealed
55-298.1 Unlawful to Sell, Distribute, Construct, Install, Maintain or Use Certain Electric Fences Upon Agricultural Land Except As Provided in § 55-298.2
55-298.2 Unlawful to Sell Other Controlling Devices Unless They Meet Certain Standards
55-298.3 Exceptions to § 55-298.2
55-298.4 Definition
55-298.5 Penalty
55-299 Definition of Lawful Fence
55-300 Court May Declare Stream of Water or Canal a Lawful Fence; Proceeding Therefor
55-301 Revocation of Order
55-302 Boundary Lines of Certain Low Grounds on James River a Lawful Fence
55-303 Statutes Declaring Watercourses Lawful Fences Continued
55-304 Property Owner May Place Cattle Guards or Gates Across Right-of-Way
55-305 Persons Having Easement May Replace Gate with Cattle Guard; Maintenance and Use Thereof; Deemed Lawful Gate
55-306 Damages for Trespass by Animals; Punitive and Double Damages
55-307 Lien on Animals
55-308 Impounding Animals
55-309 Duty to Issue Warrant When Animal Impounded
55-310 How Governing Body of County May Make Local Fence Law
55-311 Effect of Such Law on Certain Fences
55-312 Application to Railroad Companies
55-313 No Authority to Adopt More Stringent Fence Laws
55-314 Effect on Existing Fence Laws or No-Fence Laws
55-315 Lands under Quarantine
55-316 When Unlawful for Animals to Run at Large
55-317 Obligation to Provide Division Fences
55-318 When No Division Fence Has Been Built
55-319 When Division Fence Already Built
55-320 Recovery of Amount Due in Connection with Division Fence
55-321 Requirements for Agreement to Bind Successors in Title; Subsequent Owners
55-322 How Notice Given
55-323 Courts to Fix Boundaries of Villages to Prevent Animals from Running at Large
55-324 Petition for Action under § 55-323
55-325 Entry of Order If Petition Not Contested
55-326 Procedure in Case of Contest
55-327 Order of Court
55-328 Animals May Not Run at Large After Entry of Order
55-329 Costs; by Whom Fines Imposed
55-330 Owner of Animals Liable for Trespasses
55-331 Damages Recoverable for Timber Cutting
55-332 Procedure for Determination of Damage
55-333 Repealed
55-334 When Person Damaged May Proceed in Court
55-334.1 Larceny of Timber; Penalty
55-335 Effect of Article
55-336 Short Title
55-337 Definitions
55-338 Exemptions
55-339 Repealed
55-341 Transfer of Ownership
55-342 Blanket Encumbrances
55-343 Restraints on Alienation
55-344 Management, Regulation and Control of Subdivisions in Which There Are Common Facilities or Property Owners' Associations
55-345 Repealed
55-347 Penalties
55-348 Repealed
55-349 Repealed
55-350 Repealed
55-351 Reserved
55-352 Short Title
55-353 Creation of Solar Easements
55-354 Contents of Solar Easement Agreements
55-355 Reserved
55-360 Title
55-361 Repealed
55-361.1 Applicability
55-362 Definitions
55-362.1 Administrative Agency
55-363 Status of Time-Share Estates with Respect to Real Property Interests
55-364 Applicability of Local Ordinances, Regulations, and Building Codes
55-364.1 Use of Terms
55-365 Repealed
55-365.1 Severability of Provisions of Time-Share Instruments
55-366 Time-Sharing Permitted
55-367 Instruments
55-368 Time-Share Instrument for Time-Share Estate Project
55-369 Developer Control in Time-Share Estate Program
55-370 Time-Share Estate Owners' Association Control Liens
55-370.01 Time-Share Owners' Association Books and Records; Meetings; Use of E-Mail
55-370.1 Time-Share Estate Owners' Association Annual Report
55-371 Time-Share Instrument for Project
55-372 Partition
55-373 Termination of Certain Time-Shares
55-374 Public Offering Statement
55-374.1 Certain Advertising Practices Regulated
55-374.2 Exchange Programs
55-375 Escrow of Deposits; Use of Corporate Surety Bond or Irrevocable Letter of Credit
55-376 Purchaser's Rights of Cancellation
55-376.1 Possibility of Reverter
55-376.2 Recording and Delivery of Deed
55-376.3 Liability Limited; Liability Actions Prohibited
55-376.4 Warning Required
55-376.5 Buyer's Acknowledgment
55-377 Repealed
55-379 Repealed
55-380 Resale of Time-Shares
55-380.1 Required Resale Disclosures
55-381 Liens
55-382 Effect of Violations on Rights of Action; Attorney's Fees; Prior Determination of Real Estate Board Required for Certain Violations
55-383 Statute of Limitations; Actions; Limitation on Rescission Rights
55-384 Class Actions
55-385 Financial Records
55-386 Developer's Obligation to Complete
55-387 Financing of Time-Share Programs
55-388 Purchaser's Rights under Developer's Foreclosure
55-389 Protection of Lien Holder
55-390 Registration of Time-Share Program Required
55-391 Repealed
55-391.1 Application for Registration
55-392 Repealed
55-392.1 Filing Fee
55-393 Repealed
55-393.1 Receipt of Application; Effectiveness of Registration
55-394 Repealed
55-394.1 Annual Report; Amendments
55-394.2 Termination of Registration
55-394.3 Registration Required for Time-Share Resellers; Exemptions; Prohibited Practices
55-394.4 Recordkeeping by Resellers
55-394.5 Alternative Purchase; Registration
55-395 Repealed
55-396 General Powers and Duties of Board
55-397 Cancellation of Cease and Desist Order; Reinstatement of Registration of Developer
55-398 Board Regulation of Public Offering Statement
55-399 Investigations
55-399.1 Proceedings Before the Board
55-400 Penalties
55-401 Repealed
55-416 Short Title
55-417 Definitions
55-418 Lien
55-419 Enforcement of Lien
55-419.1 Other Legal Remedies May Be Used
55-420 Care, Custody and Control of Property
55-421 Savings Clause
55-422 Repealed
55-423 Effective Date and Application of Chapter
55-424 Title
55-425 Applicability
55-426 Definitions
55-427 Variation by Agreement
55-428 Property Classification of Cooperative Interests; Taxation
55-429 Applicability of Local Ordinances, Regulations and Building Codes; County and Municipal Authority
55-430 Eminent Domain
55-431 General Principles of Law Applicable
55-432 Construction Against Implicit Repeal
55-433 Uniformity of Application and Construction
55-434 Unconscionable Agreement or Term of Contract
55-435 Obligation of Good Faith
55-436 Remedies to Be Liberally Administered
55-437 Repealed
55-438 Creation of Cooperative Ownership
55-439 Unit Boundaries
55-440 Construction and Validity of Declaration and Bylaws
55-441 Description of Units
55-442 Contents of Declaration
55-443 Leasehold Cooperatives
55-444 Allocation of Ownership Interests, Votes and Common Expense Liabilities
55-445 Limited Common Elements
55-446 Exercise of Development Rights
55-447 Alterations of Units
55-448 Relocation of Boundaries Between Adjoining Units
55-449 Subdivision of Units
55-450 Easement for Encroachments
55-451 Use for Sales Purposes
55-452 Easement Rights
55-453 Amendment of Declaration
55-454 Termination of Cooperative Ownership
55-455 Rights of Secured Lenders
55-456 Master Associations
55-457 Merger or Consolidation of Cooperatives
55-458 Organization of the Association
55-459 Powers of the Association
55-460 Executive Board Members and Officers
55-461 Transfer of Special Declarant Rights
55-462 Termination of Contracts and Leases of Declarant
55-463 Bylaws
55-464 Upkeep of Cooperative
55-464.1 Common Elements; Notice of Pesticide Application
55-465 Meetings
55-466 Quorums
55-467 Voting; Proxies
55-468 Tort and Contract Liability
55-469 Conveyance or Encumbrance of the Cooperative
55-470 Insurance
55-471 Assessments for Common Expenses
55-471.1 Reserves for Capital Components
55-472 Remedies for Nonpayment of Assessments
55-473 Other Liens Affecting the Cooperative
55-473.1 Limitation of Assumption of Debt and Encumbrances
55-474 Association Records
55-475 Association As Trustee
55-476 Applicability; Waiver
55-477 Liability for Public Offering Statement; Requirements
55-478 Public Offering Statement; General Provisions
55-479 Public Offering Statement; Cooperatives Subject to Development Rights
55-480 Public Offering Statement; Time Shares
55-481 Public Offering Statement; Cooperatives Containing Conversion Building
55-482 Public Offering Statement; Cooperative Securities
55-483 Purchaser's Right to Cancel
55-484 Resales of Cooperative Interests
55-485 Escrow of Deposits
55-486 Release of Liens
55-487 Conversion Buildings
55-488 Express Warranties of Quality
55-489 Implied Warranties of Quality
55-490 Exclusion or Modification of Implied Warranties of Quality
55-491 Statute of Limitations for Warranties
55-492 Effect of Violation on Rights of Action; Attorney's Fees; Arbitration of Disputes
55-493 Labeling of Promotional Material
55-494 Declarant's Obligation to Complete and Restore
55-495 Substantial Completion of Units
55-496 Administrative Agency
55-497 Registration Required
55-498 Application for Registration; Approval of Uncompleted Unit
55-499 Receipt of Application; Order or Registration
55-500 Cease and Desist Order
55-501 Revocation of Registration
55-502 General Powers and Duties of Agency
55-503 Investigative Powers of Agency
55-504 Annual Report and Amendments
55-504.1 Annual Report by Associations
55-505 Agency Regulation of Public Offering Statement
55-506 Penalties
55-507 Transfer of Deposits Upon Purchase
55-508 Applicability
55-509 Definitions
55-509.1 Developer to Register and File Annual Report; Payment of Real Estate Taxes Attributable to the Common Area Upon Transfer to Association
55-509.1:1 Limitation on Certain Contracts and Leases by Declarant
55-509.2 Documents to Be Provided by Declarant Upon Transfer of Control
55-509.3 Association Charges
55-509.3:1 Rental of Lots
55-509.3:2 Statement of Lot Owner Rights
55-509.4 Contract Disclosure Statement; Right of Cancellation; Use of for Sale Sign in Connection with Resale; Designation of Authorized Representative
55-509.5 Contents of Association Disclosure Packet; Delivery of Packet
55-509.6 Fees for Disclosure Packet; Professionally Managed Associations
55-509.7 Fees for Disclosure Packets; Associations Not Professionally Managed
55-509.8 Properties Subject to More Than One Declaration
55-509.9 Requests by Settlement Agents
55-509.10 Exceptions to Disclosure Requirements
55-510 Access to Association Records; Association Meetings; Notice
55-510.1 Meetings of the Board of Directors
55-510.2 Distribution of Information by Members
55-510.3 Common Areas; Notice of Pesticide Application
55-511 Repealed
55-513 Adoption and Enforcement of Rules
55-513.1 Display of the Flag of the United States; Necessary Supporting Structures; Affirmative Defense
55-513.2 Home-Based Businesses Permitted; Compliance with Local Ordinances
55-513.3 Assessments; Late Fees
55-514 Authority to Levy Special Assessments
55-514.1 Reserves for Capital Components
55-514.2 Deposit of Funds; Fidelity Bond
55-515 Compliance with Declaration
55-515.1 Amendment to Declaration and Bylaws; Consent of Mortgagee
55-515.2 Validity of Declaration; Corrective Amendments
55-515.2:1 Reformation of Declaration; Judicial Procedure
55-515.3 Use of Technology
55-516 Lien for Assessments
55-516.01 Notice of Sale under Deed of Trust
55-516.1 Annual Report by Association
55-516.2 Condemnation of Common Area; Procedure
55-517 Applicability
55-517.1 Definitions
55-518 Exemptions
55-519 Required Disclosures for Buyer to Beware; Buyer to Exercise Necessary Due Diligence
55-519.1 Required Disclosures Pertaining to a Military Air Installation
55-519.2 Required Disclosures; Defective Drywall
55-519.2:1 Required Disclosures; Pending Building or Zoning Violations
55-519.3 Permissive Disclosure; Tourism Activity Zone
55-519.4 Required Disclosures; Property Previously Used to Manufacture Methamphetamine
55-520 Time for Disclosure; Termination of Contract
55-521 Owner Liability
55-522 Change in Circumstances
55-523 Duties of Real Estate Licensees
55-524 Actions under This Chapter
55-525 Real Estate Board to Develop Form; When Effective
55-525.1 Definitions
55-525.2 Change in Control
55-525.3 Separately Identified Accounts, or Qualified Escrows or Qualified Trusts
55-525.4 Errors and Omissions Insurance; Cash or Letters of Credit
55-525.5 Accounting for Moneys and Property
55-525.6 Prohibited Acts
55-525.7 Penalty; Attorney Fees
55-525.8 Definitions
55-525.9 Applicability; Effect of Noncompliance
55-525.10 Duty of Lender
55-525.11 Duty of Settlement Agent
55-525.12 Prohibition Against Payment or Receipt of Settlement Services Kickbacks, Rebates, Commissions, and Other Payments; Penalty
55-525.13 Disclosure of Affiliated Business by Settlement Service Providers
55-525.14 Disclosure of Charges for Appraisal or Valuation Using Automated or Other Valuation Mechanism
55-525.15 Penalty
55-525.16 Definitions
55-525.17 Limitation on Applicability of Chapter
55-525.18 Scope of Chapter; Lay Real Estate Settlement Agents
55-525.19 Persons Who May Act As a Settlement Agent
55-525.20 Duties of Settlement Agents
55-525.21 Persons Prohibited from Assisting or Being Employed by Settlement Agents
55-525.22 Choice of Settlement Agent
55-525.23 Disclosure
55-525.24 Conditions for Providing Escrow, Closing, or Settlement Services and for Maintaining Escrow Accounts
55-525.25 Falsifying Settlement Statements Prohibited
55-525.26 Separate Charge for Reporting Transactions Limited
55-525.27 Record Retention Requirements
55-525.28 Regulations and Orders
55-525.29 Accounting by Title Insurance Companies
55-525.30 Settlement Agent Registration Requirements and Compliance with Unauthorized Practice of Law Guidelines
55-525.31 Penalties and Liabilities
55-525.32 Confidentiality of Information Obtained by the Commission
55-526 Definitions
55-527 Broker's Lien
55-528 Definitions
55-529 Common Interest Community Management Information Fund
55-530 Powers of the Board; Common Interest Community Ombudsman; Final Adverse Decisions
55-530.1 Common Interest Community Management Recovery Fund
55-531 Definitions
55-532 Obligations of Nonprofit Entity
55-533 Applicability of Chapter
55-541.01 Repealed
55-555 Definitions
55-556 Claiming First-Time Home Buyer Status
55-557 Tax Exemption; Conditions
55-558 Withdrawal of Funds from Account for Purposes Other Than Eligible Costs for First-Time Home Purchase
55-559 False Claims Prohibited
Ending Section:
55-1 Aliens May Acquire, Hold and Transmit Real Estate; When Reciprocity Required
55-2 When Deed or Will Necessary to Convey Estate; No Parol Partition or Gift Valid
55-3 When Gift of Goods or Chattels Invalid
55-4 Suicide or Attainder
55-5 Estates to Lie in Grant As Well As in Livery
55-6 Same Estates May Be Created by Deed As by Will
55-7 Power of Disposal in Life Tenant Not to Defeat Remainder Unless Exercised; Power of Disposal Held by Fiduciary
55-7.1 Repealed
55-8 Default or Surrender of Tenant for Life Not to Prejudice Remainderman, Etc
55-9 Conveyance of Estate or Interest in Property by Grantor to Himself and Another
55-10 Deed Good for Grantor's Right; Operation of Warranty
55-11 Grant, Etc., without Words of Limitation
55-12 Fee Tail Converted into Fee Simple
55-12.1 Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities
55-12.2 When Nonvested Property Interest or Power of Appointment Created
55-12.3 Reformation
55-12.4 Exclusions from Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities
55-12.5 Prospective Application
55-12.6 Uniformity of Application and Construction
55-13 Certain Limitations Construed
55-13.1 Employee Trusts
55-13.2 Determination of "Lives in Being" for Purpose of Rule Against Perpetuities
55-13.3 Application of the Rule Against Perpetuities to Nondonative Transfers
55-14 Estate of Freehold to One with Remainder to Heirs, Etc.; Rule in Shelley's Case Abolished
55-14.1 Doctrine of Worthier Title Abolished
55-15 When Contingent Remainder Not to Fail
55-16 When Remainders Not Defeated
55-17 In What Conveyances Possession Transferred to the Use
55-17.1 Land Trusts Not to Fail Because No Beneficiaries Are Specified by Name and No Duties Laid on Trustee; When Interest of Beneficiaries Deemed Personal Property; Liens
55-18 Deed of Release Effectual
55-19 Repealed
55-19.1 Repealed
55-19.2 Repealed
55-19.3 Repealed
55-19.5 Provision in Certain Trust Void
55-20 Survivorship Between Joint Tenants Abolished
55-20.1 Joint Ownership in Real and Personal Property
55-20.2 Tenants by the Entireties in Real and Personal Property; Certain Trusts
55-21 Exceptions to § 55-20
55-22 When Person Not a Party, Etc., May Take or Sue under Instrument
55-23 Informalities in Deeds Made by Attorneys-In-Fact
55-24 Time for Objections to Irregularities in Advertising Sales Made by Trustees
55-25 Recovery at Death of Life Tenant of Taxes Paid on Life Estate
55-25.1 Repealed
55-26 Repealed
55-26.1 Validity
55-27 Repealed
55-34.1 Repealed
55-35 How Married Women May Acquire and Dispose of Property
55-36 Contracts of, and Suits by and Against, Married Women
55-37 Spouse Not Responsible for Other Spouse's Contracts, Etc.; Mutual Liability for Necessaries; Responsibility of Personal Representative
55-38 Wife's Right of Entry into Land Not Barred by Certain Judgments; When She May Defend Her Right in Lands Which Are Her Inheritance
55-39 Rights of Wife, Etc., Not Affected by Husband's Acts Only
55-40 Repealed
55-41 Conveyance from Husband and Wife; Effect on Right of Wife or Husband
55-42 Repealed
55-42.1 How Infant Spouse May Release Interests in Spouse's Property
55-43 Appointment of Attorney in Fact by Married Women; Effect of Writing Executed by Such Attorney
55-44 Repealed
55-46 How Estate of a Married Woman to Pass at Death
55-47 Repealed
55-47.01 Equitable Separate Estates Abolished
55-47.1 Tangible Personal Property
55-48 Form of a Deed
55-49 How Construed
55-49.1 Construction of Generic Terms
55-50 Appurtenances, Etc., Included in Deed of Land; Relocation of Easement
55-50.1 Enjoyment of Easement
55-50.2 Utility Easements
55-50.3 Public Road Easements; Maintenance and Improvements
55-50.4 Private Roads; Public Use; Maintenance and Improvements
55-51 Deeds Good Between Parties
55-52 Conveyance of Property Not Owned but Subsequently Acquired
55-53 Vendor's Equitable Lien Abolished
55-54 Certain Deeds to County Real Estate Validated
55-55 Validation of Sales, Etc., by County Courts Prior to 1860
55-56 Deeds and Writings Executed for Persons in Military Service, Etc., under Defective Powers
55-57 Form of a Lease
55-57.1 Memoranda of Leases and Options
55-57.2 Effect of Option; Recording
55-58 Form of Deed of Trust to Secure Debts, Etc
55-58.1 Requirements for Trustees
55-58.2 Credit Line Deed of Trust Defined; Relative Priority of Credit Line Deed of Trust and Other Instruments of Judgment
55-58.3 Priority of Residential Refinance Mortgage over Subordinate Mortgage
55-59 How Deed of Trust Construed; Duties, Rights, Etc., of Parties
55-59.1 Notices Required Before Sale by Trustee to Owners, Lienors, Etc.; If Note Lost
55-59.1:1 Expired
55-59.2 Advertisement Required Before Sale by Trustee
55-59.3 Contents of Advertisements of Sale
55-59.4 Powers and Duties of Trustee in Event of Sale under or Satisfaction of Deed of Trust
55-60 Meaning of Phrases That May Be Included in Such Trust Deed
55-60.1 Evidences of Indebtedness Placed on Equal Footing
55-61 Sales under Deeds of Trust Which Contain No Maturity Date or Provision Authorizing Sale
55-61.1 Validation of Conveyances of Real Property under Trust Instrument Not Authorizing Sale
55-62 Permissible Form for Notice of Sale under Deed of Trust
55-63 Construction of Deeds Requiring Notice by Advertisement in Newspaper
55-64 Disposition of Surplus from Trustee's Sale After Death of Grantor
55-64.1 Title to Real Estate Sold Not Affected by Nonlisting of Secured Notes for Taxation
55-65 Validation of Certain Sales Made under Deeds of Trust
55-65.1 Validation of Certain Sales Made under Deeds of Trust Prior to October 1, 1977
55-66 Validation of Other Sales under Deeds of Trust
55-66.01 Protection of Assignees or Transferees of Debts Secured by Real Estate; Form of Certificate of Transfer
55-66.1 Repealed
55-66.1:01 Repealed
55-66.1:1 Required Notice of Foreclosure or Repossession
55-66.2 Release to Person Dead Inures to Successors
55-66.3 Release of Deed of Trust or Other Lien
55-66.3:1 Release by Financial Institution Upon Payment of Debt Placed with It for Collection
55-66.4 Partial Satisfaction or Release
55-66.4:1 Permissible Form for Certificate of Satisfaction or Certificate of Partial Satisfaction
55-66.4:2 Where Certificates of Satisfaction Are to Be Indexed
55-66.5 Releases Made by Court; Costs and Attorney Fees
55-66.6 Recordation of Certificate of Satisfaction, Etc., Required When Release of Lien Recorded
55-66.7 Repealed
55-66.8 Applicability
55-66.9 Definitions
55-66.10 Document of Rescission; Effect; Liability for Wrongful Recording
55-66.11 Secured Creditor to Submit Satisfaction for Recording; Liability for Failure
55-66.12 Form and Effect of Satisfaction
55-66.13 Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act
55-66.14 Uniform Standards
55-67 Effect of Word "Covenants."
55-68 Effect of Covenant of General Warranty
55-69 Of Special Warranty
55-70 Words "With General Warranty," "With Special Warranty" and "With English Covenants of Title" Construed
55-70.1 Implied Warranties on New Homes
55-70.2 Effect of Certain Transfer Fee Covenants
55-71 Covenant of "Right to Convey."
55-72 For "Quiet Possession" and "Free from Encumbrances."
55-73 For "Further Assurances."
55-74 Of "No Act to Encumber."
55-75 Effect of Certain Words of Release in a Deed
55-76 Of Lessee "To Pay the Rent" and "To Pay the Taxes."
55-77 "That He Will Not Assign, Etc.," and "That He Will Leave the Premises in Good Repair."
55-78 Covenant "For Lessee's Quiet Enjoyment."
55-79 Effect of Provision for Reentry by Lessor
55-79.01 Definitions
55-79.02 Form of Instrument
55-79.03 Changes in Amount of Rent
55-79.04 Encumbrance on Real Property
55-79.05 Redemption Rights
55-79.06 Incorporation of Agreement into Deed
55-79.1 Title
55-79.2 Definitions
55-79.3 Establishment of Horizontal Property Regime
55-79.4 Apartments Subject to Individual Titles and Interests; Recording; Transfer of Garage Unit
55-79.5 Joint or Common Ownership
55-79.6 Exclusive and Common Rights of Owners
55-79.7 Master Deed or Lease; Recordation; Particulars
55-79.8 Deeds of Individual Apartments
55-79.9 Regrouping or Merger of Estates with Principal Property
55-79.10 Merger Not to Bar Subsequent Horizontal Property Regime
55-79.11 Bylaws Governing Administration of Buildings
55-79.12 Books and Records; Inspection; Audit
55-79.13 Contributions by Co-Owners
55-79.14 Laws Relating to Exemptions Made Applicable; Property Taxes Assessed on Individual Apartments
55-79.15 Payment of Assessments Upon Conveyance of Apartment
55-79.16 Developer to Notify Board Prior to Offering Project for Sale
55-79.17 Notice to Be Accompanied by Fee and Questionnaire
55-79.18 Inspection of Project by Board
55-79.19 Fee for Inspection
55-79.20 Waiver of Initial Inspection
55-79.21 Public Reports by Board of Examinations
55-79.21:1 Deposits to Be Held in Escrow
55-79.21:2 Management Contract of Developer Limited to Five Years
55-79.22 When Preliminary Report May Be Issued
55-79.23 Prerequisites to Sale of Units by Developer; Purchasers' Receipts for Reports
55-79.24 Subsequent Investigations by Board; Reports
55-79.25 Copies of Board's Public Report
55-79.26 Notice by Developer of Change in Project
55-79.27 Hearings by Board
55-79.28 False Statements or Representations; Violation of Statute or Order of Board
55-79.29 Investigation by Board Upon Belief of Violation by Developer; Examination of Records, Etc
55-79.30 Enjoining Violations
55-79.31 Fees Credited to Special Fund; Expenditure
55-79.32 Chapter Additional and Supplemental
55-79.33 Supplemental Rules and Regulations by Planning and Zoning Commissions
55-79.34 Partition
55-79.35 Liens or Encumbrances
55-79.36 Rule Against Perpetuities; Rule Restricting Unreasonable Restraints on Alienation
55-79.37 Liability of Owner
55-79.38 Compliance by Co-Owner with Bylaws and Administrative Rules and Regulations
55-79.39 How Chapter Cited
55-79.40 Application and Construction of Chapter
55-79.41 Definitions
55-79.41:1 Variation by Agreement
55-79.42 Separate Assessments, Titles and Taxation
55-79.42:1 Association Charges
55-79.43 County and Municipal Ordinances; Nonconforming Conversion Condominiums; Applicability of Uniform Statewide Building Code; Other Regulations
55-79.44 Eminent Domain
55-79.45 How Condominium May Be Created
55-79.46 Release of Liens
55-79.47 Description of Condominium Units
55-79.48 Execution of Condominium Instruments
55-79.49 Recordation of Condominium Instruments
55-79.50 Construction of Condominium Instruments
55-79.51 Complementarity of Condominium Instruments; Controlling Construction
55-79.52 Validity of Condominium Instruments; Discrimination Prohibited
55-79.53 Compliance with Condominium Instruments
55-79.54 Contents of Declaration
55-79.55 Allocation of Interests in the Common Elements
55-79.56 Reallocation of Interests in Common Elements
55-79.57 Assignments of Limited Common Elements; Conversion to Common Element
55-79.58 Contents of Plats and Plans
55-79.58:1 Bond to Insure Completion of Improvements
55-79.59 Preliminary Recordation of Plats and Plans
55-79.60 Easement for Encroachments
55-79.61 Conversion of Convertible Lands
55-79.62 Conversion of Convertible Spaces
55-79.63 Expansion of Condominium
55-79.64 Contraction of Condominium
55-79.65 Easement to Facilitate Conversion and Expansion
55-79.66 Easement to Facilitate Sales
55-79.67 Declarant's Obligation to Complete and Restore
55-79.68 Alterations within Units
55-79.69 Relocation of Boundaries Between Units
55-79.70 Subdivision of Units
55-79.71 Amendment of Condominium Instruments
55-79.71:1 Use of Technology
55-79.71:2 Merger or Consolidation of Condominiums; Procedure
55-79.72 Repealed
55-79.72:1 Termination of Condominium
55-79.72:2 Rights of Mortgagees
55-79.72:3 Statement of Unit Owner Rights
55-79.73 Bylaws to Be Recorded with Declaration; Contents; Unit Owners' Association; Executive Organ; Amendment of Bylaws
55-79.73:1 Amendment to Condominium Instruments; Consent of Mortgagee
55-79.73:2 Reformation of Declaration; Judicial Procedure
55-79.74 Control of Condominium by Declarant
55-79.74:01 Deposit of Funds
55-79.74:1 Books, Minutes and Records; Inspection
55-79.74:2 Management Office
55-79.74:3 Transfer of Special Declarant Rights
55-79.74:4 Declarants Not Succeeding to Special Declarant Rights
55-79.75 Meetings of Unit Owners' Associations and Executive Organ
55-79.75:1 Distribution of Information by Members
55-79.75:2 Display of the Flag of the United States; Necessary Supporting Structures; Affirmative Defense
55-79.76 Meetings of Unit Owners' Associations and Executive Organ; Quorums
55-79.77 Meetings of Unit Owners' Associations and Executive Organ; Voting by Unit Owners; Proxies
55-79.78 Officers
55-79.79 Upkeep of Condominiums; Warranty Against Structural Defects; Statute of Limitations for Warranty; Warranty Review Committee
55-79.80 Control of Common Elements
55-79.80:01 Common Elements; Notice of Pesticide Application
55-79.80:1 Tort and Contract Liability; Judgment Lien
55-79.80:2 Suspension of Services for Failure to Pay Assessments; Corrective Action; Assessment of Charges for Violations; Notice; Hearing; Adoption and Enforcement of Rules
55-79.80:3 Power of Unit Owners' Association to Limit Occupancy of a Unit
55-79.81 Insurance
55-79.82 Repealed
55-79.83 Liability for Common Expenses; Late Fees
55-79.83:1 Reserves for Capital Components
55-79.84 Lien for Assessments
55-79.84:01 Notice of Sale under Deed of Trust
55-79.84:1 Bond to Be Posted by Declarant
55-79.85 Restraints on Alienation
55-79.86 Administrative Agency
55-79.87 Exemptions from Certain Provisions of Article
55-79.87:1 Rental of Units
55-79.88 Limitations on Dispositions of Units
55-79.89 Application for Registration; Fee
55-79.90 Public Offering Statement; Condominium Securities
55-79.91 Inquiry and Examination
55-79.92 Notice of Filing and Registration
55-79.93 Annual Report by Declarant
55-79.93:1 Annual Report by Unit Owners' Association
55-79.93:2 Termination of Registration
55-79.94 Conversion Condominiums; Special Provisions
55-79.95 Escrow of Deposits
55-79.96 Declarant to Deliver Declaration, Etc., to Purchaser
55-79.97 Resale by Purchaser; Resale Certificate; Use of for Sale Sign in Connection with Resale; Designation of Authorized Representative
55-79.97:1 Fees for Resale Certificate
55-79.97:2 Properties Subject to More Than One Declaration
55-79.97:3 Requests by Settlement Agents
55-79.98 General Powers and Duties of the Common Interest Community Board
55-79.99 Investigations and Proceedings
55-79.100 Cease and Desist Orders
55-79.101 Revocation of Registration
55-79.102 Judicial Review
55-79.103 Penalties
55-80 Void Fraudulent Acts; Bona Fide Purchasers Not Affected
55-81 Voluntary Gifts, Etc., Void As to Prior Creditors
55-82 Creditor's Suits to Avoid Such Gifts, Etc
55-82.1 Creditor's Suits; Attorney Fees
55-82.2 Authority of Court to Set Aside
55-83 Repealed
55-87 Loans and Reservations of a Use or Property to Be Recorded
55-88 Repealed
55-95 Certain Recorded Contracts As Valid As Deeds
55-96 Contracts, Etc., Void As to Creditors and Purchasers Until Recorded; Priority of Credit Line Deed of Trust
55-96.1 Repealed
55-97 Where to Be Recorded
55-98 Repealed
55-100 Recordation of Instruments Affecting Civil Aircraft of United States
55-101 Priority of Writings, When Admitted to Record Same Day
55-102 When Writings to Be Recorded in County, and When in Corporation
55-103 Words "Creditors" and "Purchasers," How Construed
55-104 Lien of Subsequent Purchaser for Purchase Money Paid Before Notice
55-105 When Purchaser Not Affected by Record of Deed or Contract
55-106 When and Where Writings Admitted to Record
55-106.1 Recording and Indexing of Certain Documents Showing Changes of Names
55-106.2 Presumption That Writings Admitted to Record Are in Proper Form
55-106.3 Repealed
55-106.4 Deed of Real Estate Investment Trust
55-106.5 When Clerk May Refuse Document to Be Recorded
55-107 Power of Attorney, Where Recorded
55-108 Standards for Writings to Be Docketed or Recorded
55-109 When Original of Writing Once Recorded Is Lost, How Copy Admitted to Record Elsewhere
55-109.1 Certifications of Recordation Upon Counterparts of Certain Instruments and Subsequent Recordation in Other Cities and Counties
55-109.2 Correcting Errors in Deeds, Deeds of Trust, and Mortgages; Affidavit
55-110 Recordation of Copy of Lost Deed Previously Recorded in What Is Now West Virginia
55-111 Repealed
55-112 Continuing in Force Acts Establishing Torrens System
55-113 Acknowledgment within the United States or Its Dependencies
55-114 Acknowledgments Outside of the United States and Its Dependencies
55-114.1 Acknowledgments by Persons Subject to Uniform Code of Military Justice; Validation of Certain Acknowledgments
55-115 Acknowledgments Taken Before Commissioned Officers in Military Service
55-116 Repealed
55-118.1 "Notarial Acts" Defined; Who May Perform Notarial Acts Outside Commonwealth for Use in Commonwealth
55-118.2 Proof of Authority of Person Performing Notarial Act
55-118.3 What Person Taking Acknowledgment Shall Certify
55-118.4 When Form of Certificate of Acknowledgment Accepted
55-118.5 Meaning of "Acknowledged Before Me."
55-118.6 Statutory Short Forms of Acknowledgment
55-118.7 Application of Article; Article Cumulative
55-118.8 Uniform Interpretation
55-118.9 Short Title
55-119 Deeds of Corporations; How to Be Executed and Acknowledged
55-120 Acknowledgments on Behalf of Corporations and Others
55-121 Corporate Acknowledgment Taken Before Officer or Stockholder
55-122 Acts of Notaries Public, Etc., Who Have Held Certain Other Offices
55-123 Validation of Acknowledgments When Seal Not Affixed
55-124 Acknowledgment Taken by Trustee in Deed of Trust
55-125 Acknowledgment Taken by Trustee in Deed of Trust; Later Date
55-125.1 Certain Acknowledgments Taken and Certified Before July 1, 1995
55-126 Acknowledgments Taken by Certain Justices of the Peace, Mayors, Etc
55-127 Acknowledgments Taken by Officers After Expiration of Terms
55-128 Acknowledgments Taken by Notaries in Service During World War I
55-129 Acknowledgments Before Foreign Officials Who Failed to Affix Seals
55-130 Acknowledgments Taken by Notaries in Foreign Countries
55-131 Acknowledgments Taken by Officer Who Was Husband or Wife of Grantee
55-132 Acknowledgment When Notary Certifies Erroneously As to Expiration of Commission
55-132.1 Acknowledgments Before Officer of City or County Consolidating, Etc., Prior to Expiration Date of Commission
55-133 Acknowledgments Taken Before Notary Whose Commission Has Expired
55-134 Acknowledgments Taken Before Notary Whose Commission Has Expired; Later Date; Intervening Vested Rights Saved
55-134.1 Acknowledgments Taken Before Notary Who Was Appointed but Failed to Qualify; Vested Rights Saved
55-134.2 Acknowledgments Taken Before a Notary at Large Who Failed to Cite the Jurisdiction in Which the Acknowledgment Was Taken; Vested Rights Saved
55-135 Deeds Defectively Executed by Corporation
55-136 Deeds to Which Corporate Seal Not Affixed or Not Attested
55-137 Acknowledgments of Corporations Taken by Officers or Stockholders
55-137.1 Recordation Certificate Not Signed by Clerk
55-137.2 Same; When Clerk Has Died
55-138 Recordation of Decrees Affecting Title to Land
55-139 Repealed
55-140 Judgments of United States Courts Affecting Realty
55-141 Decrees and Orders in Bankruptcy
55-142 Repealed
55-142.01 Certificates of Commencement of Case in Bankruptcy
55-142.1 Where Notices and Certificates Affecting Liens to Be Filed
55-142.2 Certification of Notices and Certificates
55-142.3 Duties of Filing Officers
55-142.4 Fees of Filing Officers Other Than Clerk of State Corporation Commission
55-142.5 Fees of Clerk of State Corporation Commission
55-142.6 Construction of Article
55-142.7 Short Title
55-142.8 Certificates and Notices Affecting Liens Filed on or Before July 1, 1970
55-142.9 No Action to Be Brought Against State Corporation Commission or Its Staff
55-142.10 Definitions
55-142.11 Validity of Electronically Filed and Recorded Land Records
55-142.12 Recording of Electronic Documents Among the Land Records
55-142.13 Uniform Standards
55-142.14 Uniformity of Application and Construction
55-142.15 Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act
55-143 Repealed
55-152 Repealed
55-153 Removal; Nature of Plaintiff's Title
55-154 Presumption That No Minerals, Coals, Oils, or Ores Exist in Certain Lands
55-154.1 Repealed
55-154.2 Presumption Regarding Estate of Owner of Mineral Rights
55-155 Suits to Extinguish Certain Claims
55-156 Recordation; Notice of Sale; Preferences Prohibited
55-157 Substitution of Another Trustee by Creditors
55-158 Questioning Claim of Creditor and Determination Thereof
55-159 Provision to Bar Further Claim by Creditors Who Accept Deed
55-160 Compensation of Trustee
55-161 How and When Made
55-162 Trustee; Rights and Duties; Compensation
55-163 Resignation of Trustee
55-164 Debts; Order of Payment
55-165 Exemption from Garnishment, Levy or Distress
55-166 Termination of Assignment by Court
55-167 Clerk to Preserve Papers, Etc.; Fees
55-168 Appointment of Escheators
55-169 Their Bond; Their Removal
55-170 Increase or Reduction of Penalty of Their Bonds; Its Effect
55-170.1 Definition
55-171 Annual Report to Escheator; Lands Not Liable
55-172 Escheator to Hold Inquest; Notice Thereof
55-173 Jury of Inquest, How Summoned, Etc.; Evidence, How Given
55-174 Attendance of Jurors
55-175 How Verdict Signed; Where Returned and Recorded
55-176 Proceedings to Claim Land Escheated
55-177 Trial by Jury; Judgment of Court
55-178 Facts or Evidence to Be Certified
55-179 Lands May Be Committed to Claimant While Claim Pending
55-180 Disposition Thereof, If Not so Committed
55-181 Escheator to Notify State Treasurer of Claim and Decision
55-182 Escheators to Certify Lands Escheated
55-182.1 Removal of Parcels from the Certificate
55-182.2 Escheat of Property with Hazardous Materials
55-183 Publication of Escheator's Certificate
55-184 Repealed
55-184.1 Order of Sale by Governor
55-184.2 Form of Sale Agreement; Notice of Right to Refund
55-185 Repealed
55-186 When Grant to Issue to Purchaser; Reimbursable Expenses
55-186.1 In What Form Grant to Issue
55-186.2 Governor to Sign and Seal Grant; Librarian of Virginia to Record It, Etc.; Delivery to and by State Treasurer
55-186.3 Unrecorded Escheat Grants; Original Lost or Destroyed; Certified Copy of Grant
55-187 Resale in Case of Default
55-188 Repealed
55-189 Reports by Escheators to State Treasurer; Payment of Moneys into State Treasury
55-190 Reports by State Treasurer to the Governor; Penalty on Escheators for Failure of Duty
55-190.1 State Treasurer May Examine Records of Any Commissioner of the Revenue or Escheator
55-191 When State Treasurer to Issue Grant to Purchaser
55-192 Escheator's Pay
55-193 Escheat of Estates in Trust and Equitable Titles
55-194 Provision in Favor of Tenant of Escheated Land
55-195 In Favor of Creditor of Decedent
55-196 Escheators to Defend on Behalf of Commonwealth
55-197 Recovery by Escheator of Decedent's Escheated Residuum, and of Property Derelict; Fee
55-198 Publication of Suit; What to State and Require
55-199 Decree of the Court
55-200 How Money Paid into State Treasury from Escheats May Be Recovered
55-200.1 Rules and Regulations of the State Treasurer
55-201 Continuation of Certain Statutes
55-201.1 Pendency of Escheat Proceedings No Bar to Condemnation Proceedings
55-202 Estray, or Boat Adrift, to Be Valued and Described
55-203 Valuation, Etc., to Be Recorded and Posted
55-204 When Landowner, Etc., Entitled to the Property
55-205 Right of Recovery by Former Owner
55-206 When Landowner, Etc., Not Liable
55-207 Who Entitled to Drift Property
55-208 Conditions on Which Owner May Remove It
55-209 When Owner of Land May Sell Drift Property; Owner of Property Entitled to Proceeds After Payment of Expenses, Etc
55-210 Right of Property to Be Proved
55-210.1 Citation of Chapter
55-210.2 Definitions
55-210.2:1 Property Presumed Abandoned; General Rule
55-210.2:2 General Rules for Taking Custody of Intangible Unclaimed Property
55-210.3 Repealed
55-210.3:01 Bank Deposits and Funds in Financial Organizations
55-210.3:02 Travelers' Checks and Money Orders
55-210.3:1 Repealed
55-210.3:2 Checks, Drafts and Similar Instruments Issued or Certified by Banking and Financial Organizations
55-210.3:3 Contents of Safe Deposit Box or Other Safekeeping Repository
55-210.4 Repealed
55-210.4:01 Funds Owing under Life Insurance Policies
55-210.4:1 When Intangible Personal Property Held by Insurance Corporation Subject to § 55-210.2:1
55-210.4:2 Unclaimed Demutualization Proceeds
55-210.5 Deposits Held by Utilities
55-210.6 Repealed
55-210.6:1 When Intangible Interest in Business Association Presumed Abandoned
55-210.6:2 Refunds Held by Business Associations
55-210.7 Property of Business Associations Held in Course of Dissolution
55-210.8 When Intangible Personal Property Held in Fiduciary Capacity Presumed Abandoned
55-210.8:1 Gift Certificates and Credit Balances
55-210.8:2 Wages
55-210.9 When Intangible Property Held for Owner by Public Agency Presumed Abandoned
55-210.9:1 Property Held by Courts
55-210.9:2 Responsibilities of General Receiver and Clerk
55-210.10 Repealed
55-210.10:1 Employee Benefit Trust Distribution
55-210.10:2 Holder of Tangible or Intangible Personal Property May Voluntarily Report Same
55-210.11 When Certain Property Not Presumed Abandoned in This Commonwealth
55-210.11:01 Interstate Agreements and Cooperation
55-210.11:1 Repealed
55-210.12 Report and Remittance to Be Made by Holder of Funds or Property Presumed Abandoned; Holder to Exercise Due Diligence to Locate Owner
55-210.12:1 Repealed
55-210.13 Notices to Be Published by State Treasurer
55-210.14 Repealed
55-210.15 Holder Relieved of Liability for Property Paid or Delivered to Administrator; Payment to Owner by Holder; Proceedings Against Prior Holder; Notice to Administrator and Attorney General; Reimbursement of Holder
55-210.16 Repealed
55-210.16:1 Crediting of Dividends, Interest, or Increments to Owner's Account
55-210.17 Periods of Limitation
55-210.18 Sale of Abandoned Property by Administrator
55-210.18:1 When Securities Received in Name of Owner
55-210.19 Disposition of Funds Received under Chapter; Records to Be Kept by Administrator
55-210.20 Filing Claim to Property or Proceeds of Sale Thereof
55-210.21 Consideration of and Hearing on Claim by State Treasurer; Payment; Interest
55-210.22 Judicial Review of Decision of State Treasurer
55-210.23 Election of State Treasurer Not to Receive Property or to Postpone Taking Possession of Funds
55-210.24 Requests for Verified Reports and Examinations of Records
55-210.24:1 Retention of Records
55-210.24:2 Confidentiality of Information and Records
55-210.25 Enforcement of Chapter
55-210.26 Repealed
55-210.26:1 Interest and Penalties
55-210.27 Determinations; Appeal Procedures; Rules and Regulations of State Treasurer
55-210.27:1 Agreements to Locate Reported Property; Penalty
55-210.28 Property Presumed Abandoned or Escheated under Laws of Another State
55-210.28:1 Property Held or Payable Pursuant to Title 51.1
55-210.29 Construction of Chapter
55-210.30 Repealed
55-210.31 Definitions
55-210.32 Status of Loaned Property; Statute of Limitations on Recovery
55-210.33 Notice to Lenders of the Provisions of This Chapter
55-210.34 Status of Title to Property Acquired from Museum
55-210.35 Notice of Termination of Loan; Content
55-210.36 Procedure for Giving Notice; Responsibility of Owner
55-210.37 Acquiring Title to Undocumented Property
55-210.38 Status of Property Loaned to or Deposited with Museum Prior to July 1, 2002
55-211 Persons in Possession Liable for Waste
55-212 Also Tenant in Common, Etc
55-213 Also Guardian or Conservator
55-214 Action Therefor; If Waste Wanton, Double Damages
55-215 Waste for Tenant to Sell or Remove Manure from Leased Premises
55-216 Waste Committed During Pendency of Suit
55-217 Applicability; Right to Terminate Tenant
55-217.1 Grantees and Assignees to Have Same Rights Against Lessees As Lessors, Etc
55-218 Lessees, Etc., to Have Same Rights Against Grantees, Etc., As Against Lessors
55-218.1 Appointment of Resident Agent by Nonresident Property Owner; Service of Process, Etc., on Such Agent or on Secretary of the Commonwealth
55-219 Apportionment on Purchase of Part of Land by Holder of Rent, Etc
55-220 What Powers to Pass to Grantee or Devisee; When Attornment Unnecessary
55-220.1 Perfection of Lien or Interest in Leases, Rents and Profits
55-221 When Attornment Void
55-221.1 Community Land Trusts Not Considered Landlords
55-222 Notice to Terminate a Tenancy in Nonresidential Premises; Notice of Change in Use of Multifamily Residential Building
55-222.1 Repealed
55-223 Effect of Failure of Tenant in Nonresidential Premises to Vacate Premises at Expiration of Term
55-224 When Tenant Deserts Nonresidential Premises, How Landlord May Enter, Etc
55-225 Failure to Pay Certain Rents After Five Days' Notice Forfeits Right of Possession
55-225.01 Sections Applicable Only to Certain Residential Tenancies
55-225.02 Definitions for Residential Dwelling Units Subject to This Chapter
55-225.1 Recovery of Possession Limited
55-225.2 Remedies for Landlord's Unlawful Ouster, Exclusion or Diminution of Service
55-225.3 Landlord to Maintain Dwelling Unit
55-225.4 Tenant to Maintain Dwelling Unit
55-225.5 Access Following Entry of Certain Court Orders
55-225.6 Inspection of Dwelling Unit
55-225.7 Disclosure of Mold in Dwelling Units
55-225.8 Repealed
55-225.9 Relocation of Tenant Where Mold Remediation Needs to Be Performed in the Dwelling Unit
55-225.10 Notice to Tenant in Event of Foreclosure
55-225.11 Required Disclosures for Properties with Defective Drywall; Remedy for Nondisclosure
55-225.11:1 Required Disclosures for Properties Located Adjacent to a Military Air Installation; Remedy for Nondisclosure
55-225.12 Tenant's Assertion; Rent Escrow; Dwelling Units
55-225.12:1 Wrongful Failure to Supply Heat, Water, Hot Water, or Essential Services
55-225.13 Noncompliance by Landlord in the Rental of a Dwelling Unit
55-225.13:1 Landlord's Noncompliance As Defense to Action for Possession for Nonpayment of Rent
55-225.14 Rent Escrow Required for Continuance of Tenant's Case in the Rental of a Dwelling Unit
55-225.15 Receipt Required for Certain Rental Payments; Upon Request
55-225.16 Early Termination of Rental Agreements by Victims of Family Abuse, Sexual Abuse, or Criminal Sexual Assault
55-225.17 Required Disclosures for Property Previously Used to Manufacture Methamphetamine; Remedy for Nondisclosure
55-225.18 Retaliatory Conduct Prohibited
55-225.19 Security Deposits
55-225.20 Notice
55-225.21 Application Deposit and Application Fee
55-225.22 Terms and Conditions of Rental Agreement; Copy for Tenant; Rental Payments
55-225.22:1 Prohibited Provisions in Rental Agreements
55-225.23 Prepaid Rent; Maintenance of Escrow Account
55-225.24 Landlord May Obtain Certain Insurance for Tenant
55-225.25 Effect of Unsigned or Undelivered Rental Agreement
55-225.26 Confidentiality of Tenant Records
55-225.27 Landlord and Tenant Remedies for Abuse of Access
55-225.28 Actions to Enforce Remedies Pertaining to Residential Tenancies
55-225.29 Disclosure
55-225.30 Notice to Tenants for Insecticide or Pesticide Use
55-225.31 Limitation of Liability
55-225.32 Tenancy at Will; Effect of Notice of Change of Terms or Provisions of Tenancy
55-225.33 Rules and Regulations
55-225.34 Access; Consent; Correction of Nonemergency Conditions; Relocation of Tenant
55-225.35 Fire or Casualty Damage
55-225.36 Use and Occupancy by Tenant
55-225.37 Tenant to Surrender Possession of Dwelling Unit
55-225.38 Periodic Tenancy; Holdover Remedies
55-225.39 Remedies for Absence, Nonuse and Abandonment
55-225.40 Disposal of Property Abandoned by Tenants
55-225.41 Authority of Sheriff to Store and Sell Personal Property Removed from Residential Premises; Recovery of Possession by Owner; Disposition or Sale
55-225.42 Disposal of Property of Deceased Tenants
55-225.43 Noncompliance with Rental Agreement; Monetary Penalty
55-225.44 Barring Guest or Invitee of Tenants
55-225.45 Sheriff Authorized to Serve Certain Notices; Fees Therefor
55-225.46 Remedy by Repair, Etc.; Emergencies
55-225.47 Landlord's Acceptance of Rent with Reservation
55-225.48 Remedy After Termination
55-225.49 Early Termination of Rental Agreement by Military Personnel
55-225.50 Failure to Deliver Possession
55-226 Nonresidential Buildings Destroyed or Lessee Deprived of Possession; Covenant to Pay Rent or Repair; Reduction of Rent
55-226.1 Security Systems for Commercial Rental Property
55-226.2 Energy Submetering, Energy Allocation Equipment, Sewer and Water Submetering Equipment, Ratio Utility Billings Systems; Local Government Fees
55-227 Remedy for Rent and for Use and Occupation
55-228 Who May Recover Rent, Etc
55-229 Who Liable for Rent
55-230 When and by Whom Distress Made
55-230.1 Procedure for Trial on Warrant in Distress
55-231 On What Goods Levied; to What Extent Goods Liable; Priorities Between Landlord and Other Lienors
55-232 Procedure When Distress Levied and Tenant Unable to Give Forthcoming Bond; What Defense May Be Made
55-232.1 Repealed
55-232.2 Review of Decision to Issue Ex Parte Order or Process; Claim of Exemption
55-233 On What Terms Purchasers and Lienors Inferior to Landlord May Remove Goods; Certain Liens Not Affected
55-234 When Goods of an Undertenant May Be Removed from Leased Premises
55-235 When Officer May Enter by Force to Levy Distress or Attachment
55-236 When Distress Not Unlawful Because of Irregularity, Etc
55-237 Return of Execution; Process of Sale Thereunder
55-237.1 Authority of Sheriffs to Store and Sell Personal Property Removed from Nonresidential Premises; Recovery of Possession by Owner; Disposition or Sale
55-238 Remedy When Rent Is to Be Paid in Other Thing Than Money
55-239 Proceedings to Establish Right of Reentry, and Judgment Therefor
55-240 When Defendant Barred of Relief
55-241 How Trustee or Mortgagee Relieved from the Forfeiture
55-242 How Owner, Etc., Relieved in Equity
55-243 How Judgment of Forfeiture Prevented
55-244 When Suit for Reentry Brought
55-245 Written Act of Reentry to Be Returned and Recorded, and Certificate Thereof Published
55-246 Fee of Clerk
55-246.1 Who May Recover Rent or Possession
55-247 How Person Entitled, Etc., to Lands May Be Restored to His Possession
55-248 Limitation of Suit, Etc., Against Person in Possession by Reentry
55-248.1 Repealed
55-248.2 Short Title
55-248.3 Purposes of Chapter
55-248.3:1 Applicability of Chapter
55-248.4 Definitions
55-248.5 Repealed
55-248.6 Notice
55-248.6:1 Application Deposit and Application Fee
55-248.7 Terms and Conditions of Rental Agreement; Copy for Tenant; Accounting of Rental Payments
55-248.7:1 Prepaid Rent; Maintenance of Escrow Account
55-248.7:2 Landlord May Obtain Certain Insurance for Tenant
55-248.8 Effect of Unsigned or Undelivered Rental Agreement
55-248.9 Prohibited Provisions in Rental Agreements
55-248.9:1 Confidentiality of Tenant Records
55-248.10 Repealed
55-248.10:1 Landlord and Tenant Remedies for Abuse of Access
55-248.11 Repealed
55-248.11:1 Inspection of Premises
55-248.11:2 Disclosure of Mold in Dwelling Units
55-248.12 Disclosure
55-248.12:1 Required Disclosures for Properties Located Adjacent to a Military Air Installation; Remedy for Nondisclosure
55-248.12:2 Required Disclosures for Properties with Defective Drywall; Remedy for Nondisclosure
55-248.12:3 Required Disclosures for Property Previously Used to Manufacture Methamphetamine; Remedy for Nondisclosure
55-248.13 Landlord to Maintain Fit Premises
55-248.13:1 Landlord to Provide Locks and Peepholes
55-248.13:2 Access of Tenant to Cable, Satellite and Other Television Facilities
55-248.13:3 Notice to Tenants for Insecticide or Pesticide Use
55-248.14 Limitation of Liability
55-248.15 Tenancy at Will; Effect of Notice of Change of Terms or Provisions of Tenancy
55-248.15:1 Security Deposits
55-248.15:2 Repealed
55-248.16 Tenant to Maintain Dwelling Unit
55-248.17 Rules and Regulations
55-248.18 Access; Consent; Correction of Nonemergency Conditions; Relocation of Tenant
55-248.18:1 Access Following Entry of Certain Court Orders
55-248.18:2 Relocation of Tenant Where Mold Remediation Needs to Be Performed in the Dwelling Unit
55-248.19 Use and Occupancy by Tenant
55-248.20 Tenant to Surrender Possession of Dwelling Unit
55-248.21 Noncompliance by Landlord
55-248.21:1 Early Termination of Rental Agreement by Military Personnel
55-248.21:2 Early Termination of Rental Agreements by Victims of Family Abuse, Sexual Abuse, or Criminal Sexual Assault
55-248.21:3 Notice to Tenant in Event of Foreclosure
55-248.22 Failure to Deliver Possession
55-248.23 Wrongful Failure to Supply Heat, Water, Hot Water or Essential Services
55-248.24 Fire or Casualty Damage
55-248.25 Landlord's Noncompliance As Defense to Action for Possession for Nonpayment of Rent
55-248.25:1 Rent Escrow Required for Continuance of Tenant's Case
55-248.26 Tenant's Remedies for Landlord's Unlawful Ouster, Exclusion or Diminution of Service
55-248.27 Tenant's Assertion; Rent Escrow
55-248.28 Repealed
55-248.31 Noncompliance with Rental Agreement; Monetary Penalty
55-248.31:01 Barring Guest or Invitee of Tenants
55-248.31:1 Sheriffs Authorized to Serve Certain Notices; Fees Therefor
55-248.32 Remedy by Repair, Etc.; Emergencies
55-248.33 Remedies for Absence, Nonuse and Abandonment
55-248.34 Repealed
55-248.34:1 Landlord's Acceptance of Rent with Reservation
55-248.35 Remedy After Termination
55-248.36 Recovery of Possession Limited
55-248.37 Periodic Tenancy; Holdover Remedies
55-248.38 Repealed
55-248.38:1 Disposal of Property Abandoned by Tenants
55-248.38:2 Authority of Sheriffs to Store and Sell Personal Property Removed from Residential Premises; Recovery of Possession by Owner; Disposition or Sale
55-248.38:3 Disposal of Property of Deceased Tenants
55-248.39 Retaliatory Conduct Prohibited
55-248.40 Actions to Enforce Chapter
55-248.41 Definitions
55-248.42 Written Agreement Required
55-248.42:1 Term of Rental Agreement; Renewal; Security Deposits
55-248.43 Landlord's Obligations
55-248.44 Tenant's Obligations
55-248.44:1 Rent; Liability of Secured Party Taking Possession of an Abandoned Manufactured Home
55-248.45 Demands and Charges Prohibited; Access by Tenant's Invitees; Purchases by Manufactured Home Owner Not Restricted; Exception; Conditions of Occupancy
55-248.45:1 Charge for Utility Service
55-248.46 Termination of Tenancy
55-248.46:1 Waiver of Landlord's Right to Terminate
55-248.47 Sale or Lease of Manufactured Home by Owner
55-248.48 Other Provisions of Law Applicable
55-248.49 Power of Local Governments over Manufactured Home Parks
55-248.49:1 Notice of Uncorrected Violations
55-248.50 Retaliatory Conduct Prohibited
55-248.50:1 Eviction of Resident
55-248.50:2 Right to Sell Home Upon Eviction
55-248.51 Penalties for Violation of Chapter
55-248.52 Injunctive Relief
55-249 Law of Emblements
55-250 What Rent Tenant Entitled to Emblements to Pay
55-251 Compensation to Outgoing Tenant for Preparation of Land for Crop
55-252 Lessee of Life Tenant, Etc., to Hold to End of Year on Death of Tenant; Apportionment of Rent
55-253 Repealed
55-268.1 Repealed
55-268.11 Repealed
55-269 Repealed
55-269.1 Annuity Table
55-270 Rule of Calculation
55-271 Example
55-272 Repealed
55-272.1 Table of Uniform Seniority
55-273 Rules of Calculation under § 55-272.1
55-274 Makehamized Mortality Table
55-275 Repealed
55-276 Commutation in Case of Persons under Disability
55-277 Commutation of Certain Life Estates
55-277.1 Repealed
55-278 Repealed
55-287 Virginia Coordinate Systems Designated
55-288 Repealed
55-288.1 North and South Zones
55-289 Designation of Systems in Land Description
55-290 Plane Coordinates Used in Systems
55-291 Tract of Land Lying in Both Coordinate Zones
55-292 Definition of Systems by National Ocean Survey/National Geodetic Survey; Adopted
55-293 Position of Systems
55-294 Limitation on Use of Systems
55-295 Limitation on Use of Name of Systems
55-296 Use of System Not Compulsory
55-297 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Designated As Administrative Agency
55-297.1 Repealed
55-297.2 Repealed
55-298 Repealed
55-298.1 Unlawful to Sell, Distribute, Construct, Install, Maintain or Use Certain Electric Fences Upon Agricultural Land Except As Provided in § 55-298.2
55-298.2 Unlawful to Sell Other Controlling Devices Unless They Meet Certain Standards
55-298.3 Exceptions to § 55-298.2
55-298.4 Definition
55-298.5 Penalty
55-299 Definition of Lawful Fence
55-300 Court May Declare Stream of Water or Canal a Lawful Fence; Proceeding Therefor
55-301 Revocation of Order
55-302 Boundary Lines of Certain Low Grounds on James River a Lawful Fence
55-303 Statutes Declaring Watercourses Lawful Fences Continued
55-304 Property Owner May Place Cattle Guards or Gates Across Right-of-Way
55-305 Persons Having Easement May Replace Gate with Cattle Guard; Maintenance and Use Thereof; Deemed Lawful Gate
55-306 Damages for Trespass by Animals; Punitive and Double Damages
55-307 Lien on Animals
55-308 Impounding Animals
55-309 Duty to Issue Warrant When Animal Impounded
55-310 How Governing Body of County May Make Local Fence Law
55-311 Effect of Such Law on Certain Fences
55-312 Application to Railroad Companies
55-313 No Authority to Adopt More Stringent Fence Laws
55-314 Effect on Existing Fence Laws or No-Fence Laws
55-315 Lands under Quarantine
55-316 When Unlawful for Animals to Run at Large
55-317 Obligation to Provide Division Fences
55-318 When No Division Fence Has Been Built
55-319 When Division Fence Already Built
55-320 Recovery of Amount Due in Connection with Division Fence
55-321 Requirements for Agreement to Bind Successors in Title; Subsequent Owners
55-322 How Notice Given
55-323 Courts to Fix Boundaries of Villages to Prevent Animals from Running at Large
55-324 Petition for Action under § 55-323
55-325 Entry of Order If Petition Not Contested
55-326 Procedure in Case of Contest
55-327 Order of Court
55-328 Animals May Not Run at Large After Entry of Order
55-329 Costs; by Whom Fines Imposed
55-330 Owner of Animals Liable for Trespasses
55-331 Damages Recoverable for Timber Cutting
55-332 Procedure for Determination of Damage
55-333 Repealed
55-334 When Person Damaged May Proceed in Court
55-334.1 Larceny of Timber; Penalty
55-335 Effect of Article
55-336 Short Title
55-337 Definitions
55-338 Exemptions
55-339 Repealed
55-341 Transfer of Ownership
55-342 Blanket Encumbrances
55-343 Restraints on Alienation
55-344 Management, Regulation and Control of Subdivisions in Which There Are Common Facilities or Property Owners' Associations
55-345 Repealed
55-347 Penalties
55-348 Repealed
55-349 Repealed
55-350 Repealed
55-351 Reserved
55-352 Short Title
55-353 Creation of Solar Easements
55-354 Contents of Solar Easement Agreements
55-355 Reserved
55-360 Title
55-361 Repealed
55-361.1 Applicability
55-362 Definitions
55-362.1 Administrative Agency
55-363 Status of Time-Share Estates with Respect to Real Property Interests
55-364 Applicability of Local Ordinances, Regulations, and Building Codes
55-364.1 Use of Terms
55-365 Repealed
55-365.1 Severability of Provisions of Time-Share Instruments
55-366 Time-Sharing Permitted
55-367 Instruments
55-368 Time-Share Instrument for Time-Share Estate Project
55-369 Developer Control in Time-Share Estate Program
55-370 Time-Share Estate Owners' Association Control Liens
55-370.01 Time-Share Owners' Association Books and Records; Meetings; Use of E-Mail
55-370.1 Time-Share Estate Owners' Association Annual Report
55-371 Time-Share Instrument for Project
55-372 Partition
55-373 Termination of Certain Time-Shares
55-374 Public Offering Statement
55-374.1 Certain Advertising Practices Regulated
55-374.2 Exchange Programs
55-375 Escrow of Deposits; Use of Corporate Surety Bond or Irrevocable Letter of Credit
55-376 Purchaser's Rights of Cancellation
55-376.1 Possibility of Reverter
55-376.2 Recording and Delivery of Deed
55-376.3 Liability Limited; Liability Actions Prohibited
55-376.4 Warning Required
55-376.5 Buyer's Acknowledgment
55-377 Repealed
55-379 Repealed
55-380 Resale of Time-Shares
55-380.1 Required Resale Disclosures
55-381 Liens
55-382 Effect of Violations on Rights of Action; Attorney's Fees; Prior Determination of Real Estate Board Required for Certain Violations
55-383 Statute of Limitations; Actions; Limitation on Rescission Rights
55-384 Class Actions
55-385 Financial Records
55-386 Developer's Obligation to Complete
55-387 Financing of Time-Share Programs
55-388 Purchaser's Rights under Developer's Foreclosure
55-389 Protection of Lien Holder
55-390 Registration of Time-Share Program Required
55-391 Repealed
55-391.1 Application for Registration
55-392 Repealed
55-392.1 Filing Fee
55-393 Repealed
55-393.1 Receipt of Application; Effectiveness of Registration
55-394 Repealed
55-394.1 Annual Report; Amendments
55-394.2 Termination of Registration
55-394.3 Registration Required for Time-Share Resellers; Exemptions; Prohibited Practices
55-394.4 Recordkeeping by Resellers
55-394.5 Alternative Purchase; Registration
55-395 Repealed
55-396 General Powers and Duties of Board
55-397 Cancellation of Cease and Desist Order; Reinstatement of Registration of Developer
55-398 Board Regulation of Public Offering Statement
55-399 Investigations
55-399.1 Proceedings Before the Board
55-400 Penalties
55-401 Repealed
55-416 Short Title
55-417 Definitions
55-418 Lien
55-419 Enforcement of Lien
55-419.1 Other Legal Remedies May Be Used
55-420 Care, Custody and Control of Property
55-421 Savings Clause
55-422 Repealed
55-423 Effective Date and Application of Chapter
55-424 Title
55-425 Applicability
55-426 Definitions
55-427 Variation by Agreement
55-428 Property Classification of Cooperative Interests; Taxation
55-429 Applicability of Local Ordinances, Regulations and Building Codes; County and Municipal Authority
55-430 Eminent Domain
55-431 General Principles of Law Applicable
55-432 Construction Against Implicit Repeal
55-433 Uniformity of Application and Construction
55-434 Unconscionable Agreement or Term of Contract
55-435 Obligation of Good Faith
55-436 Remedies to Be Liberally Administered
55-437 Repealed
55-438 Creation of Cooperative Ownership
55-439 Unit Boundaries
55-440 Construction and Validity of Declaration and Bylaws
55-441 Description of Units
55-442 Contents of Declaration
55-443 Leasehold Cooperatives
55-444 Allocation of Ownership Interests, Votes and Common Expense Liabilities
55-445 Limited Common Elements
55-446 Exercise of Development Rights
55-447 Alterations of Units
55-448 Relocation of Boundaries Between Adjoining Units
55-449 Subdivision of Units
55-450 Easement for Encroachments
55-451 Use for Sales Purposes
55-452 Easement Rights
55-453 Amendment of Declaration
55-454 Termination of Cooperative Ownership
55-455 Rights of Secured Lenders
55-456 Master Associations
55-457 Merger or Consolidation of Cooperatives
55-458 Organization of the Association
55-459 Powers of the Association
55-460 Executive Board Members and Officers
55-461 Transfer of Special Declarant Rights
55-462 Termination of Contracts and Leases of Declarant
55-463 Bylaws
55-464 Upkeep of Cooperative
55-464.1 Common Elements; Notice of Pesticide Application
55-465 Meetings
55-466 Quorums
55-467 Voting; Proxies
55-468 Tort and Contract Liability
55-469 Conveyance or Encumbrance of the Cooperative
55-470 Insurance
55-471 Assessments for Common Expenses
55-471.1 Reserves for Capital Components
55-472 Remedies for Nonpayment of Assessments
55-473 Other Liens Affecting the Cooperative
55-473.1 Limitation of Assumption of Debt and Encumbrances
55-474 Association Records
55-475 Association As Trustee
55-476 Applicability; Waiver
55-477 Liability for Public Offering Statement; Requirements
55-478 Public Offering Statement; General Provisions
55-479 Public Offering Statement; Cooperatives Subject to Development Rights
55-480 Public Offering Statement; Time Shares
55-481 Public Offering Statement; Cooperatives Containing Conversion Building
55-482 Public Offering Statement; Cooperative Securities
55-483 Purchaser's Right to Cancel
55-484 Resales of Cooperative Interests
55-485 Escrow of Deposits
55-486 Release of Liens
55-487 Conversion Buildings
55-488 Express Warranties of Quality
55-489 Implied Warranties of Quality
55-490 Exclusion or Modification of Implied Warranties of Quality
55-491 Statute of Limitations for Warranties
55-492 Effect of Violation on Rights of Action; Attorney's Fees; Arbitration of Disputes
55-493 Labeling of Promotional Material
55-494 Declarant's Obligation to Complete and Restore
55-495 Substantial Completion of Units
55-496 Administrative Agency
55-497 Registration Required
55-498 Application for Registration; Approval of Uncompleted Unit
55-499 Receipt of Application; Order or Registration
55-500 Cease and Desist Order
55-501 Revocation of Registration
55-502 General Powers and Duties of Agency
55-503 Investigative Powers of Agency
55-504 Annual Report and Amendments
55-504.1 Annual Report by Associations
55-505 Agency Regulation of Public Offering Statement
55-506 Penalties
55-507 Transfer of Deposits Upon Purchase
55-508 Applicability
55-509 Definitions
55-509.1 Developer to Register and File Annual Report; Payment of Real Estate Taxes Attributable to the Common Area Upon Transfer to Association
55-509.1:1 Limitation on Certain Contracts and Leases by Declarant
55-509.2 Documents to Be Provided by Declarant Upon Transfer of Control
55-509.3 Association Charges
55-509.3:1 Rental of Lots
55-509.3:2 Statement of Lot Owner Rights
55-509.4 Contract Disclosure Statement; Right of Cancellation; Use of for Sale Sign in Connection with Resale; Designation of Authorized Representative
55-509.5 Contents of Association Disclosure Packet; Delivery of Packet
55-509.6 Fees for Disclosure Packet; Professionally Managed Associations
55-509.7 Fees for Disclosure Packets; Associations Not Professionally Managed
55-509.8 Properties Subject to More Than One Declaration
55-509.9 Requests by Settlement Agents
55-509.10 Exceptions to Disclosure Requirements
55-510 Access to Association Records; Association Meetings; Notice
55-510.1 Meetings of the Board of Directors
55-510.2 Distribution of Information by Members
55-510.3 Common Areas; Notice of Pesticide Application
55-511 Repealed
55-513 Adoption and Enforcement of Rules
55-513.1 Display of the Flag of the United States; Necessary Supporting Structures; Affirmative Defense
55-513.2 Home-Based Businesses Permitted; Compliance with Local Ordinances
55-513.3 Assessments; Late Fees
55-514 Authority to Levy Special Assessments
55-514.1 Reserves for Capital Components
55-514.2 Deposit of Funds; Fidelity Bond
55-515 Compliance with Declaration
55-515.1 Amendment to Declaration and Bylaws; Consent of Mortgagee
55-515.2 Validity of Declaration; Corrective Amendments
55-515.2:1 Reformation of Declaration; Judicial Procedure
55-515.3 Use of Technology
55-516 Lien for Assessments
55-516.01 Notice of Sale under Deed of Trust
55-516.1 Annual Report by Association
55-516.2 Condemnation of Common Area; Procedure
55-517 Applicability
55-517.1 Definitions
55-518 Exemptions
55-519 Required Disclosures for Buyer to Beware; Buyer to Exercise Necessary Due Diligence
55-519.1 Required Disclosures Pertaining to a Military Air Installation
55-519.2 Required Disclosures; Defective Drywall
55-519.2:1 Required Disclosures; Pending Building or Zoning Violations
55-519.3 Permissive Disclosure; Tourism Activity Zone
55-519.4 Required Disclosures; Property Previously Used to Manufacture Methamphetamine
55-520 Time for Disclosure; Termination of Contract
55-521 Owner Liability
55-522 Change in Circumstances
55-523 Duties of Real Estate Licensees
55-524 Actions under This Chapter
55-525 Real Estate Board to Develop Form; When Effective
55-525.1 Definitions
55-525.2 Change in Control
55-525.3 Separately Identified Accounts, or Qualified Escrows or Qualified Trusts
55-525.4 Errors and Omissions Insurance; Cash or Letters of Credit
55-525.5 Accounting for Moneys and Property
55-525.6 Prohibited Acts
55-525.7 Penalty; Attorney Fees
55-525.8 Definitions
55-525.9 Applicability; Effect of Noncompliance
55-525.10 Duty of Lender
55-525.11 Duty of Settlement Agent
55-525.12 Prohibition Against Payment or Receipt of Settlement Services Kickbacks, Rebates, Commissions, and Other Payments; Penalty
55-525.13 Disclosure of Affiliated Business by Settlement Service Providers
55-525.14 Disclosure of Charges for Appraisal or Valuation Using Automated or Other Valuation Mechanism
55-525.15 Penalty
55-525.16 Definitions
55-525.17 Limitation on Applicability of Chapter
55-525.18 Scope of Chapter; Lay Real Estate Settlement Agents
55-525.19 Persons Who May Act As a Settlement Agent
55-525.20 Duties of Settlement Agents
55-525.21 Persons Prohibited from Assisting or Being Employed by Settlement Agents
55-525.22 Choice of Settlement Agent
55-525.23 Disclosure
55-525.24 Conditions for Providing Escrow, Closing, or Settlement Services and for Maintaining Escrow Accounts
55-525.25 Falsifying Settlement Statements Prohibited
55-525.26 Separate Charge for Reporting Transactions Limited
55-525.27 Record Retention Requirements
55-525.28 Regulations and Orders
55-525.29 Accounting by Title Insurance Companies
55-525.30 Settlement Agent Registration Requirements and Compliance with Unauthorized Practice of Law Guidelines
55-525.31 Penalties and Liabilities
55-525.32 Confidentiality of Information Obtained by the Commission
55-526 Definitions
55-527 Broker's Lien
55-528 Definitions
55-529 Common Interest Community Management Information Fund
55-530 Powers of the Board; Common Interest Community Ombudsman; Final Adverse Decisions
55-530.1 Common Interest Community Management Recovery Fund
55-531 Definitions
55-532 Obligations of Nonprofit Entity
55-533 Applicability of Chapter
55-541.01 Repealed
55-555 Definitions
55-556 Claiming First-Time Home Buyer Status
55-557 Tax Exemption; Conditions
55-558 Withdrawal of Funds from Account for Purposes Other Than Eligible Costs for First-Time Home Purchase
55-559 False Claims Prohibited
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