Virginia Law

The following words and terms when used in this part shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:

"Abuse" or "abusive activities" means practices by individuals or providers that are inconsistent with sound fiscal or medical practices and result in unnecessary costs to the Virginia Medicaid program.

"Card-sharing" means (i) the intentional sharing of an individual's eligibility card for use by someone other than the individual for whom it was issued or (ii) unauthorized use of an individual's eligibility card by one or more persons other than the individual for whom it was issued due to the failure of the individual to safeguard the card.

"Client Medical Management Program for individuals" or "CMM Program for individuals" means the individuals' utilization control program designed to prevent abuse and promote improved and cost efficient medical management of essential health care for noninstitutionalized individuals through restriction to one primary care provider or one pharmacy, or any combination of these designated providers.

"Client Medical Management Program for providers" or "CMM Program for providers" means the providers' utilization control program designed to complement the individual abuse and utilization control program in promoting improved and cost efficient medical management of essential health care.

"Controlled substance" means a substance that has a potential for abuse because physical and psychic dependence and tolerance may develop upon repeated administration and that is classified as a Schedules I through V drug.

"Covering provider" means a provider designated by the primary provider to render health care services in the temporary absence of the primary provider.

"DMAS" or "the department" means the Department of Medical Assistance Services.

"Dental services" means covered dental services available to Medicaid or FAMIS eligible children as well as the limited, emergency services available to Medicaid eligible adults.

"Designated physician or pharmacy" means the provider who agrees to be the designated physician or pharmacy from whom the restricted individual must first attempt to seek medical or pharmaceutical services. Other providers may be established as designated physician or pharmacy providers with the approval of DMAS.

"Diagnosis" means (i) the process of determining by examination the nature and circumstances of a diseased condition or injury and (ii) the decision reached from such examination.

"Diagnostic category" means the broad classification of diseases and injuries found in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which is commonly used by providers in billing for medical services.

"Drug" means a substance or medication intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease as defined by the Virginia Drug Control Act (§ 54.1-3400 et seq. of the Code of Virginia).

"Duplicative medical care" means two or more practitioners are concurrently treating the same or similar medical problems or conditions falling into the same diagnostic category, but excluding confirmation for diagnosis, evaluation, or assessment.

"Duplicative medications" means more than one prescription of the same drug or more than one drug in the same therapeutic class.

"Education" means providing individuals with information regarding DMAS' identification of inappropriate utilization and what is appropriate access to Medicaid covered services according to the policies and procedures of the CMM Program for individuals and the CMM Program for providers. Education shall not include providing a professional opinion regarding an individual's medical or mental health.

"Eligibility card" means the document issued to each Medicaid individual listing the name and Medicaid number, either the identification or billing number, of the eligible individual, which may be in the form of a plastic card magnetically encoded, allowing electronic access to inquiries for eligibility status.

"Emergency hospital services" means those hospital services that are necessary to treat a medical emergency. Hospital treatment of a medical emergency necessitates the use of the most accessible hospital available that is equipped to furnish the required services.

"EPSDT" means the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Program that is federally mandated for eligible individuals younger than 21 years of age.

"Essential medical services" means quality medical services, including but not limited to preventive care, emergency services, maternity care, hospital and physician services, and prescription drug services as set out in the State Plan for Medical Assistance.

"Excessive medical care" means obtaining greater than necessary services such that health risks to the individual or unnecessary costs to the Virginia Medicaid Program may ensue from the accumulation of services or obtaining duplicative services.

"Excessive medications" means obtaining medication in greater than generally acceptable maximum therapeutic dosage regimens or obtaining duplicative medication from one or more practitioners.

"FAMIS" means the Family Access to Medical Insurance Security program as created by Title XXI of the Social Security Act.

"Fraud" means an intentional deception or misrepresentation made by a person with the knowledge that the deception could result in some unauthorized benefit to himself or some other person. It includes any act that constitutes fraud under applicable federal or state laws.

"Health care" means any covered service, including equipment or supplies provided by any person, organization, or entity that participates in the Virginia Medical Assistance Program.

"Home and community-based services" means a range of community services approved by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) pursuant to § 1915(c) of the Social Security Act to be offered to individuals as an alternative to institutionalization.

"Hospice services" means services, pursuant to § 1905(o) of the Act, that are reasonable and necessary for the palliation or management of a terminal illness if the terminal illness runs its normal course.

"Immunization" means the creation of immunity against a particular disease using a vaccination.

"Individual" means the recipient of Medicaid-covered services that are provided under the authority of Titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security Act.

"Java-Server Utilization Review System" or "JSURS" means a computer subsystem of the Virginia Medicaid Management Information System (VAMMIS) that collects claims data and computes statistical profiles of individual and provider activity and compares such profiles with the appropriate peer group.

"Managed care organization" or "MCO" means an entity that meets the participation and solvency criteria defined in 42 CFR Part 438 and has an executed agreement with the department to provide services covered under (i) the Medallion II programs, pursuant to 12VAC30-120-360 et seq., or any successor programs and (ii) the FAMIS programs, pursuant to 12VAC30-141, or any successor programs.

"Medical emergency" means the sudden onset of a medical condition manifesting itself by acute symptoms of sufficient severity, including severe pain, that in the absence of immediate medical attention could reasonably be expected to result in (i) placing the individual's health in serious jeopardy, (ii) serious impairment of the individual's bodily functions, or (iii) serious dysfunction of the individual's bodily organs or parts.

"Medically necessary" means services that are reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis or treatment of an illness, condition, or injury, or to improve the function of a disability, consistent with community standards of medical practice and in accordance with Medicaid or FAMIS policies.

"Noncompliance" means failing to follow Client Medical Management Program policies and procedures, or a pattern of utilization that is inconsistent with sound fiscal or medical practices. Noncompliance includes, but is not limited to, failure to follow a recommended treatment plan or drug regimen; failure to disclose to a provider any treatment or services provided by another provider; or requests for medical services or medications that are not medically necessary.

"Pattern" means a combination of qualities, acts, or tendencies that result in duplication or frequent occurrence.

"Practitioner" means a health care provider licensed, registered, or otherwise permitted by law to distribute, dispense, prescribe, and administer drugs or otherwise treat medical conditions.

"Primary care provider" or "PCP" means a physician or nurse practitioner practicing in accordance with state law who is responsible for supervising, coordinating, and providing initial and primary medical care to patients; for initiating written referrals for specialist care; and for maintaining the continuity of patient care.

"Provider" means a person, organization, or institution with a current, valid license or certification, as applicable, and participation agreement with DMAS who or that will (i) render service to Medicaid individuals who are eligible for covered services, (ii) submit a claim or claims for the rendered services, and (iii) accept as payment in full the amount paid by the Virginia Medicaid or FAMIS program.

"Psychotropic drugs" means drugs that alter the mental activity, behavior, or perception. Examples of such drugs include morphine, barbiturates, hypnotics, antianxiety agents, antidepressants, and antipsychotics.

"Renal dialysis services" means services that aid the process of diffusing blood across a semi-permeable membrane to remove substances that a normal kidney would eliminate, including poisons, drugs, urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Renal dialysis services help to restore electrolytes and correct acid-base imbalances.

"Restrict" or "restriction" means an administrative action imposed on an individual that limits access to specific types of health care services through a designated primary provider or an administrative action imposed on a provider to prohibit participation as a designated primary provider, referral, or covering provider for restricted individuals.

"Social Security Act" or "the Act" means the statute, enacted by the 74th Congress on August 14, 1935, and as amended, that provides for the general welfare by establishing a system of federal old age benefits, and by enabling the states to make more adequate provisions for aged persons, blind persons, dependent children who have disabilities, maternal and child welfare, public health, and the administration of their unemployment compensation laws.

"State Plan for Medical Assistance" or "the Plan" means the comprehensive written statement submitted by the department to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) for approval describing the nature and scope of the Virginia Medicaid program and giving assurance that it will be administered in conformity with the requirements, standards, procedures, and conditions for obtaining federal financial participation.

"Therapeutic class" means a group of drugs with similar pharmacologic actions and uses.

"Under-use" or "under-utilization" means an occurrence where there is evidence that an individual did not receive a service or procedure whose benefits exceeded the risks.

"Utilization control" means the control of covered health care services to assure the use of cost efficient, medically necessary or appropriate services.