Virginia Law

A. Definitions. The following words and terms when used in this section shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:

"Base year" means the state fiscal year for which data is used to establish the EAPG base rate. The base year will change when the EAPG payment system is rebased and recalibrated. In subsequent rebasings, the Department of Medical Assistance Services (DMAS) shall notify affected providers of the base year to be used in this calculation.

"Cost" means the reported cost as described in 12VAC30-80-20 A and B.

"Cost-to-charge ratio" equals the hospital's total costs divided by the hospital's total charges. The cost-to-charge ratio shall be calculated using data from cost reports from hospital fiscal years ending in the state fiscal year used as the base year.

"Enhanced ambulatory patient group" or "EAPG" means a defined group of outpatient procedures, encounters, or ancillary services that incorporates International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis codes, Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) codes.

"EAPG relative weight" means the expected average costs for each EAPG divided by the relative expected average costs for visits assigned to all EAPGs.

"Medicare wage index" means the Medicare wage index published annually in the Federal Register by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The indices used in this section shall be those in effect in the base year.

B. Effective January 1, 2014, the prospective enhanced ambulatory patient group (EAPG) based payment system described in this subsection shall apply to reimbursement for outpatient hospital services (with the exception of laboratory services referred to the hospital but not associated with an outpatient hospital visit, which will be reimbursed according to the laboratory fee schedule).

1. The payments for outpatient hospital visits shall be determined on the basis of a hospital-specific base rate per visit multiplied by the relative weight of the EAPG (and the payment action) assigned for each of the services performed during a hospital visit.

2. The EAPG relative weights shall be the weights determined and published periodically by DMAS and shall be consistent with applicable Medicaid reimbursement limits and policies. The weights shall be updated at least every three years.

3. The statewide base rate shall be equal to the total costs described in this subdivision divided by the wage-adjusted sum of the EAPG weights for each facility. The wage-adjusted sum of the EAPG weights shall equal the sum of the EAPG weights multiplied by the labor percentage times the hospital's Medicare wage index plus the sum of the EAPG weights multiplied by the nonlabor percentage. The base rate shall be determined for outpatient hospital services at least every three years so that total expenditures will equal the following:

a. When using base years prior to January 1, 2014, for all services, excluding all laboratory services and emergency services described in subdivision 3 c of this subsection, a percentage of costs as reported in the available cost reports for the base period for each type of hospital as defined in 12VAC30-70-221.

(1) Type One hospitals. Effective January 1, 2014, hospital outpatient operating reimbursement shall be calculated at 90.2% of cost, and capital reimbursement shall be at 86% of cost inflated to the rate year.

(2) Type Two hospitals. Effective January 1, 2014, hospital outpatient operating and capital reimbursement shall be calculated at 76% of cost inflated to the rate year.

(3) When using base years after January 1, 2014, the percentages described in subdivision 3 a of this subsection shall be adjusted according to subdivision 3 c of this subsection.

(4) For critical access hospitals, effective July 1, 2019, the operating rate shall be based on an adjustment factor equal to 100% of cost reimbursement.

b. Laboratory services, excluding laboratory services referred to the hospital but not associated with a hospital visit, are calculated at the fee schedule in effect for the rate year.

c. Services rendered in emergency departments determined to be nonemergencies as prescribed in 12VAC30-80-20 D 1 b shall be calculated at the nonemergency reduced rate reported in the base year for base years prior to January 1, 2014. For base years after January 1, 2014, the cost percentages in subdivision 3 a of this subsection shall be adjusted to reflect services paid at the nonemergency reduced rate in the last year prior to January 1, 2014.

d. Effective July 1, 2020, reimbursement for claims with procedure codes 99281-99284 and a principal diagnosis code on the Preventable Emergency Room Diagnosis List shall be based on an all-inclusive EAPG payment weight for claims with CPT 99281 and a principal diagnosis code on the Preventable Emergency Room Listing. All other procedures on the outpatient hospital claim shall be packaged in the all inclusive payment for 99281-99284. DMAS shall calculate the all-inclusive payment weight for claims with 99281 using data from the most recent rebasing. The Preventable Emergency Room Diagnosis List shall be based on the list used for managed care organization clinical efficiency rate adjustments.

4. Inflation adjustment to base year costs. Each July, the Virginia moving average values as compiled and published by Global Insight (or its successor), under contract with DMAS, shall be used to update the base year costs to the midpoint of the rate year. The most current table available prior to the effective date of the new rates shall be used to inflate base year amounts to the upcoming rate year. Thus, corrections made by Global Insight (or its successor) in the moving averages that were used to update rates for previous state fiscal years shall be automatically incorporated into the moving averages that are being used to update rates for the upcoming state fiscal year. Inflation shall be applied to the costs identified in subdivision 3 a of this subsection. The inflation adjustment for state fiscal year 2017 shall be 50% of the full inflation adjustment calculated according to this section. There shall be no inflation adjustment for state fiscal year 2018. A full inflation adjustment shall be made in both fiscal year 2017 and fiscal year 2018 to Virginia freestanding children's hospitals with greater than 50% Medicaid utilization in 2009.

5. Hospital-specific base rate. The hospital-specific base rate per case shall be adjusted for geographic variation. The hospital-specific base rate shall be equal to the labor portion of the statewide base rate multiplied by the hospital's Medicare wage index plus the nonlabor percentage of the statewide base rate. The labor percentage shall be determined at each rebasing based on the most recently reliable data. For rural hospitals, the hospital's Medicare wage index used to calculate the base rate shall be the Medicare wage index of the nearest metropolitan wage area or the effective Medicare wage index, whichever is higher. A base rate differential of 5.0% shall be established for freestanding Type Two children's hospitals. The base rate for non-cost-reporting hospitals shall be the average of the hospital-specific base rates of in-state Type Two hospitals.

6. The total payment shall represent the total allowable amount for a visit including ancillary services and capital.

7. The transition from cost-based reimbursement to EAPG reimbursement shall be transitioned over a four-year period. DMAS shall calculate a cost-based base rate at January 1, 2014, and at each rebasing during the transition.

a. Effective for dates of service on or after January 1, 2014, DMAS shall calculate the hospital-specific base rate as the sum of 75% of the cost-based base rate and 25% of the EAPG base rate.

b. Effective for dates of service on or after July 1, 2014, DMAS shall calculate the hospital-specific base rate as the sum of 50% of the cost-based base rate and 50% of the EAPG base rate.

c. Effective for dates of service on or after July 1, 2015, DMAS shall calculate the hospital-specific base rate as the sum of 25% of the cost-based base rate and 75% of the EAPG base rate.

d. Effective for dates of service on or after July 1, 2016, DMAS shall calculate the hospital-specific base rate as the EAPG base rate.

8. To maintain budget neutrality during the first six years of the transition to EAPG reimbursement, DMAS shall compare the total reimbursement of hospital claims based on the parameters in subdivision 3 of this subsection to EAPG reimbursement every six months based on the six months of claims ending three months prior to the potential adjustment. If the percentage difference between the reimbursement target in subdivision 3 of this subsection and EAPG reimbursement is greater than 1.0%, plus or minus, DMAS shall adjust the statewide base rate by the percentage difference the following July 1 or January 1. The first possible adjustment would be January 1, 2015, using reimbursement between January 1, 2014, and October 31, 2014.

C. The enhanced ambulatory patient group (EAPG) grouper version used for outpatient hospital services shall be determined by DMAS. Providers or provider representatives shall be given notice prior to implementing a new grouper.

D. The primary data sources used in the development of the EAPG payment methodology are the DMAS hospital computerized claims history file and the cost report file. The claims history file captures available claims data from all enrolled, cost-reporting general acute care hospitals. The cost report file captures audited cost and charge data from all enrolled general acute care hospitals. The following table identifies key data elements that are used to develop the EAPG payment methodology. DMAS may supplement this data with similar data for Medicaid services furnished by managed care organizations if DMAS determines that it is reliable.