Virginia Law

A. The department may use distraint, including booting of vehicle, seizure and sale against the real or personal property of a noncustodial parent when:

1. There is an arrearage of at least $1,000 for a case with a current support obligation and at least $500 for an arrearage-only case;

2. Conventional enforcement remedies have failed or are not appropriate; and

3. A lien has been filed pursuant to § 63.2-1927 of the Code of Virginia.

B. Assets targeted for distraint, including booting of vehicle, seizure and sale are:

1. Solely owned by the noncustodial parent.

2. Co-owned by the noncustodial parent and current spouse.

3. Owned by a business in which the noncustodial parent is the sole proprietor. Assets owned by business partnerships or corporations which are co-owned with someone other than a noncustodial parent's current spouse do not qualify for booting of vehicle, or seizure and sale.

C. The director of the division or his designee shall give final approval for the use of distraint, seizure and sale. This includes immobilizing a vehicle using vehicle boots.

D. When initiating booting, or seizure and sale of vehicle, the department shall check with the Department of Motor Vehicles for vehicles registered in the noncustodial parent's name, the address on the vehicle registration, and the name of any lien holder on the vehicle.

E. Once a lien has been filed pursuant to § 63.2-1927 of the Code of Virginia, the department shall send a notice of intent to the noncustodial parent before initiating distraint, including booting of vehicle, seizure and sale action.

F. If the noncustodial parent contacts the department in response to the intent notice, the department shall request payment of the arrearage in full. The department shall negotiate a settlement if the noncustodial parent cannot pay the arrearage in full. The least acceptable settlement is 5.0% of the arrearage owed or $500, whichever is greater, with additional monthly payments towards the arrearage that will satisfy the arrearage within 10 years. The department may initiate distraint, including booting of vehicle, seizure and sale, without further notice to the noncustodial parent if the noncustodial parent defaults on the payments as agreed.

G. The department shall send a fieri facias request to each county or city where a lien is filed and a levy is being executed if the noncustodial parent does not contact the department in response to the intent notice.

H. The department shall set a target date for seizure or booting and have the sheriff levy the property or boot the vehicle.

I. Once property has been seized or booted by the sheriff, the department must (i) reach a payment agreement with the noncustodial parent of 5.0% of the arrearage owed or $500, whichever is greater, with additional monthly payments towards the arrearage that will satisfy the arrearage within 10 years and release the vehicle to the owner; (ii) proceed with the sale of the vehicle pursuant to § 63.2-1933 of the Code of Virginia; or (iii) at the end of 90 days from the issuance of the writ of fieri facias, release the vehicle to the owner.

J. The department shall send a cancellation notice to the sheriff if a decision is made to terminate the seizure action before the asset is actually seized.

K. If the department sells an asset and it is a motor vehicle, the department shall notify the Department of Motor Vehicles to issue clear title to the new owner of the vehicle.