12VAC5-590-440. Analytical methods.
All drinking water analyses for compliance purposes shall have been performed by analytical methods that are consistent with current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations found at 40 CFR Part 141 and 40 CFR Part 143. Laboratories seeking certification to perform drinking water analyses shall comply with all applicable regulations promulgated by the Department of General Services, Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services.
Testing for alkalinity, calcium, conductivity, disinfectant residual, orthophosphate, pH, silica, temperature, and turbidity for compliance purposes may be performed by any person or party acceptable to the commissioner.
|
| Table 2.2 ― Inorganic Chemicals. | |
|
| Substance | Primary Maximum Contaminant Level (mg/L) |
|
| Antimony | 0.006 |
|
| Arsenic (As) | 0.010*** |
|
| Asbestos | 7 Million Fibers/Liter (longer than 10 um) |
|
| Barium (Ba) | 2 |
|
| Beryllium | 0.004 |
|
| Cadmium (Cd) | 0.005 |
|
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.1 |
|
| Cyanide (as free Cyanide) | 0.2 |
|
| Fluoride (F) | 4.0 # |
|
| Mercury (Hg) | 0.002 |
|
| Nickel | No Limits Designated |
|
| Nitrate (as N) | 10** |
|
| Nitrite (as N) | 1 |
|
| Total Nitrate and Nitrite (as N) | 10 |
|
| Selenium (Se) | 0.05 |
|
| Thallium | 0.002 |
|
| Substance | Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (mg/L) |
|
| Chloride (Cl) | 250.0 |
|
| Copper (Cu) | 1.0 |
|
| Corrosivity | Noncorrosive, See Appendix B |
|
| Fluoride | 2.0 |
|
| Foaming Agents | 0.5* |
|
| Iron (Fe) | 0.3 |
|
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.05 |
|
| Sodium (Na) | No Limits Designated |
|
| Sulfate (SO4) | 250.0 |
|
| Zinc (Zn) | 5.0 |
|
| Substance | Action Level (mg/L) |
|
| Lead (Pb) | 0.015 |
|
| Copper (Cu) | 1.3 |
|
| # Note. For artificially fluoridated waterworks the minimum concentration of fluoride should be 0.8 mg/L and the maximum should be 1.0 mg/L. The optimum control limit is 0.9 mg/L. (See Appendix B) | |
|
| *Note. Concentration reported in terms of Methylene Blue Active Substances. | |
|
| **Note. See Appendix B for Exception Regarding Noncommunity Waterworks. | |
|
| ***Note. The PMCL for arsenic is 0.010 mg/L for community and nontransient noncommunity waterworks effective January 23, 2006. Arsenic sampling results shall be reported to the nearest 0.001 mg/L. | |
|
| Table 2.3 ― Organic Chemicals. | |
|
| Substance | Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels (mg/L) |
|
| VOC | |
|
| 1. Vinyl Chloride | 0.002 |
|
| 2. Benzene | 0.005 |
|
| 3. Carbon Tetrachloride | 0.005 |
|
| 4. 1,2‑Dichloroethane | 0.005 |
|
| 5. Trichloroethylene (TCE) | 0.005 |
|
| 6. 1,1‑Dichloroethylene | 0.007 |
|
| 7. 1,1,1‑Trichloroethane | 0.2 |
|
| 8. para‑Dichlorobenzene | 0.075 |
|
| 9. cis‑1,2‑Dichloroethylene | 0.07 |
|
| 10. 1,2‑Dichloropropane | 0.005 |
|
| 11. Ethylbenzene | 0.7 |
|
| 12. Monochlorobenzene | 0.1 |
|
| 13. o‑Dichlorobenznen | 0.6 |
|
| 14. Styrene | 0.1 |
|
| 15. Tetrachloroethylene | 0.005 |
|
| 16. Toluene | 1 |
|
| 17. trans‑1,2‑Dichloroethylene | 0.1 |
|
| 18. Xylene (total) | 10 |
|
| 19. Dichloromethane | 0.005 |
|
| 20. 1,2,4‑Trichlorobenzene | 0.07 |
|
| 21. 1,1,2‑Trichloroethane | 0.05 |
|
| SOC | |
|
| 1. Alachlor | 0.002 |
|
| 2. Atrazine | 0.003 |
|
| 3. Carbofuran | 0.04 |
|
| 4. Chlordane | 0.002 |
|
| 5. Heptachlor | 0.0004 |
|
| 6. Heptachlor epoxide | 0.0002 |
|
| 7. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) | 0.0005 |
|
| 8. Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) | 0.0002 |
|
| 9. Ethylene dibromide (EDB) | 0.00005 |
|
| 10. Lindane | 0.0002 |
|
| 11. Methoxychlor | 0.04 |
|
| 12. Toxaphene | 0.003 |
|
| 13.4‑Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4‑D) | 0.07 |
|
| 14. 2,4,5‑Trichlorophenoxypropionic Acid (2,4,5‑TP or Silvex) | 0.05 |
|
| 15. Reserved |
|
|
| 16. Reserved |
|
|
| 17. Reserved |
|
|
| 18. Pentachlorophenol | 0.001 |
|
| 19. Benzo(a)pyrene | 0.0002 |
|
| 20. Dalapon | 0.2 |
|
| 21. Di(2‑ethylhexy)adipate | 0.4 |
|
| 22. Di(2‑ethylhexy)phthalate | 0.006 |
|
| 23. Dinoseb | 0.007 |
|
| 24. Diquat | 0.02 |
|
| 25. Endothall | 0.1 |
|
| 26. Endrin | 0.002 |
|
| 27. Glyphosate | 0.7 |
|
| 28. Hexachlorobenzene | 0.001 |
|
| 29. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene | 0.05 |
|
| 30. Oxamyl (Vydate) | 0.2 |
|
| 31. Picloram | 0.5 |
|
| 32. Simazine | 0.004 |
|
| 33. 2,3,7,8‑TCDD (Dioxin) | 3 X 10-8 |
|
| Table 2.4 ― Physical Quality. | ||
|
| Parameter | Maximum Contaminant Level | Concentration |
|
| Color | Secondary | 15 Color Units |
|
| Odor | Secondary | 3 Threshold odor numbers |
|
| pH | Secondary | 6.5‑8.5 |
|
| Total Dissolved | Secondary | 500 mg/L Solids (TDS) |
|
| Turbidity | Primary | *1 Turbidity Unit |
|
| * See Appendix B for operational requirements. | ||
|
| Table 2.5 ― Radiological Quality. | |||
|
| A. Maximum Contaminant Level Goals for Radionuclides | |||
|
| Substance | MCLG | ||
|
| 1. Combined radium-226 and radium-228 | Zero | ||
|
| 2. Gross alpha particle activity (excluding Radon and uranium) | Zero | ||
|
| 3. Beta particle and photon radioactivity | Zero | ||
|
| 4. Uranium | Zero | ||
|
| B. Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels for Radionuclides | |||
|
| Substance | Primary Maximum Contaminant Level | ||
|
| 1. Combined radium‑226 and radium‑228 | 5 pCi/L | ||
|
| 2. Gross Alpha Activity (excluding Radon and Uranium) | 15 pCi/L | ||
|
| 3. Uranium | 30 μg/L | ||
|
| Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels for Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity from Man-Made Radionuclides | |||
|
| 1. The average annual concentration of Beta particle and Photon radioactivity from man-made radionuclides in drinking water shall not produce an annual dose equivalent to the total body or any internal organ greater than 4 millirem/year. | |||
|
| 2. Except for the radionuclides listed in Schedule I, the concentration of man-made radionuclides causing 4 MREM total body or organ dose equivalents shall be calculated on the basis of a 2 liter per day drinking water intake using the 168-hour data listed in "Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and Water for Occupational Exposure," MBS Handbook 69 as amended August 1963, U.S. Department of Commerce. If two or more radionuclides are present, the sum of their annual dose equivalent to the total body or to any organ exceed 4 millirem/year. | |||
|
| Schedule 1 | |||
|
| Average annual concentrations assumed to produce a total body organ dose of 4 mrem/year. | |||
|
| Radionuclide | Critical Organ | pCi/liter | |
|
| Tritium | Total Body | 20,000 | |
|
| Strontium‑90 | Bone Marrow | 8 | |
|
| * See Appendix B |
|
| |
|
| Table 2.6 ― Unregulated Contaminant Organics to be Monitored. | |
|
| Group A | |
|
| 1. Chloroform | 12. Chloromethane |
|
| 2. Bromodichloromethane | 13. Bromoethane |
|
| 3. Chlorodibromomethane | 14. 1,2,3‑Trichloropropane |
|
| 4. Bromoform | 15. 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane |
|
| 5. Chlorobenzene | 16. Chloroethane |
|
| 6. m‑Dichlorobenzene | 17. 2,2‑Dichloropropane |
|
| 7. Dibromomethane | 18. o‑Chlorotoluene |
|
| 8. 1,1‑Dichloropropene | 19. p‑Chlorotoluene |
|
| 9. 1,1‑Dichloroethane | 20. Bromobenzene |
|
| 10. 1,1,2,2‑Tetrachloroethane | 21. 1,3‑Dichloropropene |
|
| 11. 1,3‑Dichloropropane |
|
|
| Group B | |
|
| 1. Aldrin | 8. Metoachlor |
|
| 2. Butachlor | 9. Metribuzin |
|
| 3. Carbaryl | 10. Propachlor |
|
| 4. Dicamba | 11. Aldicarb |
|
| 5. Dieldrin | 12. Aldicarb sulfone |
|
| 6. Methomyl | 13. Aldicarb sulfoxide |
|
| 7. 3‑Hyposycarbofuran |
|
|
| Table 2.7 ― Reserved |
|
| Table 2.8 ― Organic Chemical Monitoring Implementation Schedule. | |
|
| Number of Persons Served | Monitoring to Begin During the Quarter that Begins |
|
| Over 10,000 | January 1,1988 |
|
| 3,300 to 10,000 | January 1,1989 |
|
| less than 3,300 | January 1,1991 |
|
| Table 2.9 ― PMCL Effective Dates. | |
|
| Table 2.3, Organics Chemicals, VOC 1 through 8 (Phase I) | January 9, 1989 |
|
| Total Trihalomethanes and Fluoride | July 1, 1991 |
|
| Table 2.3, Organics Chemicals, VOC 9 through 18 and SOC 1 through 14 (Phase II VOCs and SOCs) | July 30, 1992 |
|
| Asbestos, Cadmium, Chromium, Mercury, Nitrate, Nitrite, Total Nitrate+Nitrite, Selenium (Phase II IOCs) | July 30, 1992 |
|
| Table 2.3, Organics Chemicals, SOC 15 through 18 and Table 2.2, Inorganic Chemicals, Barium (Phase II SOCs and IOCs) | January 1, 1993 |
|
| Table 2.3, Organics Chemicals, VOC 19 through 21, SOC 19 through 33 and Table 2.2, Inorganic Chemicals; antimony, beryllium, cyanide (as free cyanide), nickel, and thallium | January 17, 1994 |
| Uranium | December 8, 2003 | |
|
| E. coli | April 1, 2016 |
|
| Table 2.10 ― Maximum Contaminant Level Goals for Microbiological Contaminants. | |
|
| Contaminant | MCLG |
|
| Giardia lamblia | Zero |
|
| Viruses | Zero |
|
| Legionella | Zero |
|
| Cryptosporidium | Zero |
|
| Escherichia coli (E. coli) | Zero |
|
| Table 2.11 ― Maximum Contaminant Level Goals for Disinfection Byproducts. | |
|
| Disinfection byproduct | MCLG (mg/L) |
|
| Bromate | Zero |
|
| Bromodichloromethane | Zero |
|
| Bromoform | Zero |
|
| Chlorite | 0.8 |
|
| Chloroform | 0.07 |
|
| Dibromochloromethane | 0.06 |
|
| Dichloroacetic acid | Zero |
|
| Monochloroacetic acid | 0.07 |
|
| Trichloroacetic acid | 0.02 |
|
| Table 2.12 ― Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goals (MRDLG) and Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels (MRDL) for Disinfectants | ||
|
| Disinfectant residual | MRDLG (mg/L) | MRDL (mg/L) |
|
| Chlorine | 4 (as Cl2) | 4.0 (as Cl2) |
|
| Chloramines | 4 (as Cl2) | 4.0 (as Cl2) |
|
| Chlorine dioxide | 0.8 (as ClO2) | 0.8 (as ClO2) |
Notwithstanding the MRDLs in Table 2.12, owners may increase residual disinfectant levels in the distribution system of chlorine or chloramines (but not chlorine dioxide) to a level and for a time necessary to protect public health, to address specific microbiological contamination problems caused by circumstances such as, but not limited to, distribution line breaks, storm run-off events, source water contamination events, or cross-connection events.
|
| Table 2.13 ― Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels (PMCL) for Disinfection Byproducts | |
|
| Disinfection byproduct | PMCL (mg/L) |
|
| Total trihalomethanes (TTHM) | 0.080 |
|
| Haloacetic Acids (five) (HAA5) | 0.060 |
|
| Bromate | 0.010 |
|
| Chlorite | 1.0 |
Statutory Authority
§§ 32.1-12 and 32.1-170 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR355-18-004.11 § 2.11, eff. June 23, 1993; amended, Volume 12, Issue 02, eff. November 15, 1995; Volume 18, Issue 19, eff. July 3, 2002; Volume 19, Issue 17, eff. June 4, 2003; Volume 19, Issue 24, eff. September 10, 2003; Volume 22, Issue 15, eff. May 3, 2006; Volume 22, Issue 24, eff. September 6, 2006; Volume 25, Issue 05, eff. December 10, 2008; Volume 28, Issue 05, eff. December 7, 2011; Volume 33, Issue 03, eff. November 2, 2016.