Virginia Law

A. General provisions and applicability.

1. This part applies to the decommissioning of facilities licensed under this chapter.

2. This part does not apply to sites that:

a. Have been decommissioned before the effective date as stated in 12VAC5-481-160; or

b. Have previously submitted and received NRC's approval on a license termination plan or decommissioning plan.

3. After a site has been decommissioned and the license terminated according to this section, the agency shall require additional cleanup only if, based on new information, the agency determines that the criteria of this part were not met and residual radioactivity remaining at the site could result in a significant threat to public health and safety.

4. When calculating the Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE) to the average member of the critical group, the licensee shall determine the peak annual TEDE expected within the first 1,000 years after decommissioning.

B. Radiological criteria for unrestricted use. A site is considered acceptable for unrestricted use if the residual radioactivity that is distinguishable from background radiation results in a TEDE to an average member of the critical group that does not exceed 0.25 mSv (25 mrem) per year, including that from groundwater sources of drinking water; and the residual radioactivity has been reduced to levels that are ALARA. Determination of levels that are ALARA shall take into account consideration of any detriments, such as deaths from transportation accidents, expected to potentially result from decontamination and waste disposal.

C. Criteria for termination under restricted conditions. A site is considered acceptable for license termination under restricted conditions, if the licensee:

1. Can demonstrate that further reductions in residual radioactivity necessary to comply with subsection B of this section would result in net public or environmental harm or are not being made because the residual levels associated with restricted conditions are ALARA. Determination of the levels that are ALARA shall take into account consideration of any detriments, such as traffic accidents, expected to potentially result from decontamination and waste disposal;

2. Has made provisions for legally enforceable institutional controls that provide reasonable assurance that the TEDE from residual radioactivity, distinguishable from background radiation, will not exceed 0.25 mSv (25 mrem) per year to the average member of the critical group;

3. Has provided sufficient financial assurance to enable an independent third party, including a governmental custodian of a site, to assume and carry out responsibilities for any necessary control and maintenance of the site. Acceptable financial assurance mechanisms are:

a. Funds placed into an account segregated from the licensee's assets and outside the licensee's administrative control as described under 12VAC5-481-450 C 7 a;

b. Surety method, insurance, or other guarantee method as described under part 12VAC5-481-450 C 7 b;

c. A statement of intent, in the case of federal, state, or local government licensees, as described in 12VAC5-481-450 C 7 d; or

d. When a governmental entity is assuming custody and ownership of a site, an arrangement that is deemed acceptable by the governmental entity;

4. Has submitted a decommissioning plan or a license termination plan to the agency indicating the licensee's intent to decommission according to 12VAC5-481-510 and specifying that the licensee intends to decommission by restricting use of the site. The licensee shall document in the license termination plan or decommissioning plan how the advice of individuals and institutions in the community has been sought according to subdivisions 5 and 6 of this subsection and incorporated, as appropriate, following analysis of that advice;

5. If proposing to decommission by restricting use of the site, seeks advice from individuals and institutions in the community who may be affected by the decommissioning regarding whether:

a. Institutional controls proposed by the licensee:

(1) Will provide reasonable assurance that the TEDE from residual radioactivity distinguishable from background radiation to the average member of the critical group will not exceed 0.25 mSv (25 mrem) TEDE per year;

(2) Will be enforceable; and

(3) Will not impose undue burdens on the local community or other affected parties; and

b. The licensee has provided sufficient financial assurance to enable an independent third party, including a governmental custodian of a site, to assume and carry out responsibilities for any necessary control and maintenance of the site;

6. While seeking advice under subdivision 5 of this subsection, provides for:

a. Participation by representatives of a broad cross section of community interests who may be affected by the decommissioning;

b. An opportunity for a comprehensive, collective discussion on the issues by the participants represented; and

c. A publicly available summary of the results of all such discussions, including a description of the individual viewpoints of the participants on the issues and the extent of agreement and disagreement among the participants on the issues; and

7. Reduces residual radioactivity at the site so that if the institutional controls were no longer in effect, there is reasonable assurance that the TEDE from residual radioactivity distinguishable from background radiation to the average member of the critical group is ALARA and would not exceed:

a. 1 mSv (100 mrem) per year; or

b. 5 mSv (500 mrem) per year, if the licensee:

(1) Demonstrates that further reductions in residual radioactivity necessary to comply with subdivision C 7 a of this section are not technically achievable, would be prohibitively expensive, or would result in net public or environmental harm;

(2) Makes provisions for durable institutional controls; and

(3) Provides sufficient financial assurance, according to subdivision C 3 of this section, to enable a responsible governmental entity or independent third party, including a governmental custodian of a site, to carry out periodic rechecks of the site no less frequently than every five years to ensure that the institutional controls remain in place as necessary to meet the criteria of subdivision C 2 of this section, and to assume and carry out responsibilities for any necessary control and maintenance of those controls.

D. Alternative criteria for license termination.

1. The agency may terminate a license using alternative criteria greater than the dose criterion of subsection B and subdivision C 5 a (1) of this section, if the licensee:

a. Provides assurance that public health and safety would continue to be protected and that it is unlikely that the dose from all manmade sources combined, other than medical, would be more than the 1 mSv (100 mrem) per year limit under 12VAC5-481-720, by submitting an analysis of possible sources of exposure;

b. Employs, to the extent practical, restrictions on site use according to subsection C of this section, in minimizing exposures at the site;

c. Reduces doses to ALARA levels, taking into consideration any detriments, such as traffic accidents, expected to potentially result from decontamination and waste disposal; and

d. Submits a decommissioning plan or license termination plan to the agency indicating the licensee's intent to decommission according to 12VAC5-481-510, and specifying that the licensee proposes to decommission by use of alternate criteria. The licensee shall document in the decommissioning plan or license termination plan how the advice of individuals and institutions in the community who may be affected by the decommissioning has been sought and addressed, as appropriate, following analysis of that advice. In seeking such advice, the licensee shall provide for:

(1) Participation by representatives of a broad cross section of community interests who may be affected by the decommissioning;

(2) An opportunity for a comprehensive, collective discussion on the issues by the participants represented; and

(3) A publicly available summary of the results of all such discussions, including a description of the individual viewpoints of the participants on the issues and the extent of agreement and disagreement among the participants on the issues.

2. Has provided sufficient financial assurance in the form of a trust fund to enable an independent third party, including a governmental custodian of a site, to assume and carry out responsibilities for any necessary control and maintenance of the site.

3. The use of alternate criteria to terminate a license requires the approval of the agency after consideration of staff recommendations of the agency that address any comments provided by federal, state, and local governments and any public comments submitted pursuant under subsection E of this section.

E. Public notification and public participation. Upon receipt of a license termination plan or decommissioning plan from a licensee or a proposal by a licensee for release of a site according to subsection C or D of this section, or whenever the agency deems such notice to be in the public interest, the agency shall:

1. Notify and solicit comments from:

a. Local and state governments in the vicinity of the site and any Indian Nation or other indigenous people that have treaty or statutory rights that could be affected by the decommissioning; and

b. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Virginia Department of Environmental Quality for cases when the licensee proposes to release a site according to subsection D of this section; and

2. Publish a notice in the Virginia Register of Regulations and in a forum, such as local newspapers, letters to state and local organizations, or other appropriate forum, that is readily accessible to individuals in the vicinity of the site and solicit comments from affected parties.