Chapter 318. Rules Governing Term and Universal Life Insurance Reserve Financing
14VAC5-318-10. Purpose and scope.
The purpose of this chapter is to set forth rules and procedural requirements to establish uniform, national standards governing reserve financing arrangements pertaining to life insurance policies containing guaranteed nonlevel gross premiums or guaranteed nonlevel benefits and universal life insurance policies with secondary guarantees and to ensure that, with respect to each such financing arrangement, funds consisting of primary security and other security, as defined in 14VAC5-318-30, are held by or on behalf of ceding insurers in the forms and amounts required in this chapter. In general, reinsurance ceded for reserve financing purposes has one or more of the following characteristics: some or all of the assets used to secure the reinsurance treaty or to capitalize the reinsurer (i) are issued by the ceding insurer or its affiliates; (ii) are not unconditionally available to satisfy the general account obligations of the ceding insurer; or (iii) create a reimbursement, indemnification, or other similar obligation on the part of the ceding insurer or any if its affiliates (other than a payment obligation under a derivative contract acquired in the normal course and used to support and hedge liabilities pertaining to the actual risks in the policies ceded pursuant to the reinsurance treaty).
Statutory Authority
§§ 12.1-13, 38.2-223, and 38.2-1316.7 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 9, eff. January 1, 2018.
14VAC5-318-20. Applicability.
This chapter shall apply to reinsurance treaties that cede liabilities pertaining to covered policies, as that term is defined in 14VAC5-318-30, issued by any life insurance company domiciled in this Commonwealth. The requirements of this chapter shall pertain to all covered policies in force as of and after January 1, 2018. This chapter and 14VAC5-300 shall both apply to such reinsurance treaties, provided that in the event of a direct conflict between the provisions of this chapter and 14VAC5-300, the provisions of this chapter shall apply, but only to the extent of the conflict.
Statutory Authority
§§ 12.1-13, 38.2-223, and 38.2-1316.7 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 9, eff. January 1, 2018.
14VAC5-318-30. Definitions.
The following words and terms when used in this chapter shall have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
"Actuarial method" means the methodology used to determine the required level of primary security, as described in 14VAC5-318-50.
"Commission" means the State Corporation Commission when acting pursuant to or in accordance with Title 38.2 of the Code of Virginia.
"Covered policy" means, subject to the exemptions described in 14VAC5-318-40, those policies, other than grandfathered policies, of the following policy types:
1. Life insurance policies with guaranteed nonlevel gross premiums or guaranteed nonlevel benefits, except for flexible premium universal life insurance policies; or
2. Flexible premium universal life insurance policies with provisions resulting in the ability of a policyholder to keep a policy in force over a secondary guarantee period.
"Grandfathered policies" means policies of the types described in the "covered policy" definition that were:
1. Issued prior to January 1, 2015; and
2. Ceded, as of December 31, 2014, as part of a reinsurance treaty that would not have met one of the exemptions set forth in 14VAC5-318-40 had that section then been in effect.
"NAIC" means the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.
"Noncovered policy" means any policy that does not meet the definition of covered policy, including grandfathered policies.
"Required level of primary security" means the dollar amount determined by applying the actuarial method to the risks ceded with respect to covered policies, but not more than the total reserve ceded.
"Primary security" means the following forms of security:
1. Cash meeting the requirements of subdivision 2 a of § 38.2-1316.4 of the Code of Virginia;
2. Securities listed by the Securities Valuation Office meeting the requirements of subdivision 2 b of § 38.2-1316.4 of the Code of Virginia, but excluding any synthetic letter of credit, contingent note, credit-linked note, or other similar security that operates in a manner similar to a letter of credit, and excluding any securities issued by the ceding insurer or any of its affiliates; and
3. For security held in connection with funds-withheld and modified coinsurance reinsurance treaties:
a. Commercial loans in good standing of CM3 quality and higher as calculated for the life risk-based capital report;
b. Policy loans; and
c. Derivatives acquired in the normal course and used to support and hedge liabilities pertaining to the actual risks in the policies ceded pursuant to the reinsurance treaty.
"Other security" means any security acceptable to the commission other than security meeting the definition of primary security.
"Valuation manual" means the valuation manual adopted by the NAIC as described in subdivision B 1 of § 38.2-1379 of the Code of Virginia, with all amendments adopted by the NAIC that are effective for the financial statement date on which credit for reinsurance is claimed.
"VM-20" means "requirements for principle-based reserves for life products," including all relevant definitions, from the valuation manual.
Statutory Authority
§§ 12.1-13, 38.2-223, and 38.2-1316.7 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 9, eff. January 1, 2018.
14VAC5-318-40. Exemptions from this chapter.
This chapter does not apply to the situations described in subdivisions 1 through 6 of this section.
1. Reinsurance of:
a. Policies that satisfy the criteria for exemption set forth in 14VAC5-319-50 F or G and that are issued before the later of:
(1) January 1, 2018; and
(2) The date on which the ceding insurer begins to apply the provisions of VM-20 to establish the ceded policies' statutory reserves, but in no event later than January 1, 2020;
b. Portions of policies that satisfy the criteria for exemption set forth in 14VAC5-319-50 E and that are issued before the later of:
(1) January 1, 2018; and
(2) The date on which the ceding insurer begins to apply the provisions of VM-20 to establish the ceded policies' statutory reserves, but in no event later than January 1, 2020;
c. Any universal life policy that meets all of the following requirements:
(1) Secondary guarantee period, if any, is five years or less;
(2) Specified premium for the secondary guarantee period is equal to or greater than the net level reserve premium for the secondary guarantee period based on the Commissioners Standard Ordinary (CSO) valuation tables and valuation interest rate applicable to the issue year of the policy; and
(3) The initial surrender charge is equal to or greater than 100% of the first year annualized specified premium for the secondary guarantee period;
d. Credit life insurance;
e. Any variable life insurance policy that provides for life insurance, the amount or duration of which varies according to the investment experience of any separate account or accounts; or
f. Any group life insurance certificate unless the certificate provides for a stated or implied schedule of maximum gross premiums required in order to continue coverage in force for a period in excess of one year;
2. Reinsurance ceded to an assuming insurer that meets the applicable requirements of subdivision C 4 of § 38.2-1316.2 of the Code of Virginia and 14VAC5-300-90 C 1;
3. Reinsurance ceded to an assuming insurer that meets the applicable requirements of subdivision C 1, C 2, or C 3 of § 38.2-1316.2 of the Code of Virginia and that in addition:
a. Prepares statutory financial statements in compliance with § 38.2-1300 of the Code of Virginia, without any departures from NAIC statutory accounting practices and procedures pertaining to the admissibility or valuation of assets or liabilities that increase the assuming insurer's reported surplus and are material enough that they need to be disclosed in the financial statement of the assuming insurer pursuant to Statement of Statutory Accounting Principles No. 1 ("SSAP 1"); and
b. Is not in a Company Action Level Event, Regulatory Action Level Event, Authorized Control Level Event, or Mandatory Control Level Event as those terms are defined in Chapter 55 (§ 38.2-5500 et seq.) of Title 38.2 of the Code of Virginia when its risk-based capital (RBC) is calculated in accordance with § 38.2-5502 of the Code of Virginia;
4. Reinsurance ceded to an assuming insurer that meets the applicable requirements of subdivision C 1, C 2, or C 3 of § 38.2-1316.2 of the Code of Virginia and that in addition:
a. Is not an affiliate, as that term is defined in § 38.2-1322 of the Code of Virginia, of:
(1) The insurer ceding the business to the assuming insurer; or
(2) Any insurer that directly or indirectly ceded the business to that ceding insurer;
b. Prepares statutory financial statements in compliance with the NAIC Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual;
c. Is both:
(1) Licensed or accredited in at least 10 states (including its state of domicile); and
(2) Not licensed in any state as a captive, special purpose vehicle, special purpose financial captive, special purpose life reinsurance company, limited purpose subsidiary, or any other similar licensing regime; and
d. Is not, or would not be, below 500% of the Authorized Control Level RBC as that term is defined in § 38.2-5501 of the Code of Virginia when its RBC is calculated in accordance with § 38.2-5502 of the Code of Virginia and without recognition of any departures from NAIC statutory accounting practices and procedures pertaining to the admission or valuation of assets or liabilities that increase the assuming insurer's reported surplus;
5. Reinsurance ceded to an assuming insurer that meets the requirements of either subdivision B 4 a or B 4 b of § 38.2-1316.7 of the Code of Virginia; or
6. Reinsurance not otherwise exempt under subdivisions 1 through 5 of this section if the commission, after consulting with the NAIC Financial Analysis Working Group or other group of regulators designated by the NAIC, as applicable, determines under all the facts and circumstances that all of the following apply:
a. The risks are clearly outside of the intent and purpose of this chapter, as described in 14VAC5-318-10;
b. The risks are included within the scope of this chapter only as a technicality; and
c. The application of this chapter to those risks is not necessary to provide appropriate protection to policyholders. The commission shall publicly disclose any decision made pursuant to this subdivision to exempt a reinsurance treaty from this chapter, as well as the general basis therefor (including a summary description of the treaty).
Statutory Authority
§§ 12.1-13, 38.2-223, and 38.2-1316.7 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 9, eff. January 1, 2018.
14VAC5-318-50. The actuarial method.
A. The actuarial method to establish the required level of primary security for each reinsurance treaty subject to this chapter shall be VM-20, applied on a treaty-by-treaty basis, including all relevant definitions, from the Valuation Manual as then in effect, applied as follows:
1. For covered policies as provided in subdivision 1 of the definition of "covered policy" in 14VAC5-318-30, the actuarial method is the greater of the deterministic reserve or the net premium reserve (NPR) regardless of whether the criteria for exemption testing can be met. However, if the covered policies do not meet the requirements of the stochastic reserve exclusion test in the valuation manual, then the actuarial method is the greatest of the deterministic reserve, the stochastic reserve, or the NPR. In addition, if such covered policies are reinsured in a reinsurance treaty that also contains covered policies as provided in subdivision 2 of the definition of "covered policy" in 14VAC5-318-30, the ceding insurer may elect to instead use subdivision 2 of this subsection as the actuarial method for the entire reinsurance agreement. Whether subdivision 1 or 2 of this subsection is used, the actuarial method must comply with any requirements or restrictions that the valuation manual imposes when aggregating these policy types for purposes of principle-based reserve calculations.
2. For covered policies, as that term is defined in subdivision 2 of the definition of "covered policy" of 14VAC5-318-30, the actuarial method is the greatest of the deterministic reserve, the stochastic reserve, or the NPR regardless of whether the criteria for exemption testing can be met.
3. Except as provided in subdivision 4 of this subsection, the actuarial method is to be applied on a gross basis to all risks with respect to the covered policies as originally issued or assumed by the ceding insurer.
4. If the reinsurance treaty cedes less than 100% of the risk with respect to the covered policies then the required level of primary security may be reduced as follows:
a. If a reinsurance treaty cedes only a quota share of some or all of the risks pertaining to the covered policies, the required level of primary security, as well as any adjustment under subdivision A 4 c of this section, may be reduced to a pro rata portion in accordance with the percentage of the risk ceded;
b. If the reinsurance treaty in a nonexempt arrangement cedes only the risks pertaining to a secondary guarantee, the required level of primary security may be reduced by an amount determined by applying the actuarial method on a gross basis to all risks, other than risks related to the secondary guarantee, pertaining to the covered policies, except that for covered policies for which the ceding insurer did not elect to apply the provisions of VM-20 to establish statutory reserves, the required level of primary security may be reduced by the statutory reserve retained by the ceding insurer on those covered policies, where the retained reserve of those covered policies should be reflective of any reduction pursuant to the cession of mortality risk on a yearly renewable term basis in an exempt arrangement;
c. If a portion of the covered policy risk is ceded to another reinsurer on a yearly renewable term basis in an exempt arrangement, the required level of primary security may be reduced by the amount resulting by applying the actuarial method including the reinsurance section of VM-20 to the portion of the covered policy risks ceded in the exempt arrangement, except that for covered policies issued prior to January 1, 2017, this adjustment is not to exceed:
|
| cx |
|
| 2(number of reinsurance premiums per year) |
where cx is calculated using the same assumptions used in calculating the NPR; and
d. For any other treaty ceding a portion of risk to a different reinsurer, including stop loss, excess of loss, and other nonproportional reinsurance treaties, there will be no reduction in the required level of primary security.
It is possible for any combination of subdivisions A 4 a, b, c, and d of this section to apply. Such adjustments to the required level of primary security will be done in the sequence that accurately reflects the portion of the risk ceded via the treaty. The ceding insurer should document the rationale and steps taken to accomplish the adjustments to the required level of primary security due to the cession of less than 100% of the risk.
The adjustments for other reinsurance will be made only with respect to reinsurance treaties entered into directly by the ceding insurer. The ceding insurer will make no adjustment as a result of a retrocession treaty entered into by the assuming insurers.
5. In no event will the required level of primary security resulting from application of the actuarial method exceed the amount of statutory reserves ceded.
6. If the ceding insurer cedes risks with respect to covered policies, including any riders, in more than one reinsurance treaty subject to this chapter, in no event will the aggregate required level of primary security for those reinsurance treaties be less than the required level of primary security calculated using the actuarial method as if all risks ceded in those treaties were ceded in a single treaty subject to this chapter.
7. If a reinsurance treaty subject to this chapter cedes risk on both covered and noncovered policies, credit for the ceded reserves shall be determined as follows:
a. The actuarial method shall be used to determine the required level of primary security for the covered policies, and 14VAC5-318-60 shall be used to determine the reinsurance credit for the covered policy reserves; and
b. Credit for the noncovered policy reserves shall be granted only to the extent that security, in addition to the security held to satisfy the requirements of subdivision A 7 a of this section, is held by or on behalf of the ceding insurer in accordance with §§ 38.2-1316.2 and 38.2-1316.4 of the Code of Virginia, 14VAC5-300-90 C, 14VAC5-300-100, and 14VAC5-300-150 B and C. Any primary security used to meet the requirements of this subdivision may not be used to satisfy the required level of primary security for the covered policies.
B. For the purposes of both calculating the required level of primary security pursuant to the actuarial method and determining the amount of primary security and other security, as applicable, held by or on behalf of the ceding insurer, the following shall apply:
1. For assets, including any such assets held in trust, that would be admitted under the NAIC Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual if they were held by the ceding insurer, the valuations are to be determined according to statutory accounting procedures as if such assets were held in the ceding insurer's general account and without taking into consideration the effect of any prescribed or permitted practices; and
2. For all other assets, the valuations are to be those that were assigned to the assets for the purpose of determining the amount of reserve credit taken. In addition, the asset spread tables and asset default cost tables required by VM-20 shall be included in the actuarial method if adopted by the NAIC Life Actuarial (A) Task Force no later than the December 31st on or immediately preceding the valuation date for which the required level of primary security is being calculated. The tables of asset spreads and asset default costs shall be incorporated into the actuarial method in the manner specified in VM-20.
Statutory Authority
§§ 12.1-13, 38.2-223, and 38.2-1316.7 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 9, eff. January 1, 2018.
14VAC5-318-60. Requirements applicable to covered policies to obtain credit for reinsurance; opportunity for remediation.
A. Subject to the exemptions described in 14VAC5-318-40 and the provisions of subsection B of this section, credit for reinsurance shall be allowed with respect to ceded liabilities pertaining to covered policies pursuant to § 38.2-1316.2 of the Code of Virginia, 14VAC5-300-90 C, 14VAC5-300-100, and 14VAC5-300-150 B and C, or § 38.2-1316.4 of the Code of Virginia if, and only if, in addition to all other requirements imposed by law or regulation, the following requirements are met on a treaty-by-treaty basis:
1. The ceding insurer's statutory policy reserves with respect to the covered policies are established in full and in accordance with the applicable requirements of Article 10 (§ 38.2-1365 et seq.) of Chapter 13 of Title 38.2 of the Code of Virginia and related regulations and actuarial guidelines, and credit claimed for any reinsurance treaty subject to this chapter does not exceed the proportionate share of those reserves ceded under the contract;
2. The ceding insurer determines the required level of primary security with respect to each reinsurance treaty subject to this chapter and provides support for its calculation as determined to be acceptable to the commission;
3. Funds consisting of primary security, in an amount at least equal to the required level of primary security, are held by or on behalf of the ceding insurer, as security under the reinsurance treaty within the meaning of § 38.2-1316.4 of the Code of Virginia, on a funds withheld, trust, or modified coinsurance basis;
4. Funds consisting of other security, in an amount at least equal to any portion of the statutory reserves as to which primary security is not held pursuant to subdivision 3 of this subsection, are held by or on behalf of the ceding insurer as security under the reinsurance treaty within the meaning of § 38.2-1316.4 of the Code of Virginia;
5. Any trust used to satisfy the requirements of this section shall comply with all of the conditions and qualifications of 14VAC5-300-120, except that:
a. Funds consisting of primary security or other security held in trust shall for the purposes identified in 14VAC5-318-50 B be valued according to the valuation rules set forth in 14VAC5-318-50 B, as applicable;
b. There are no affiliate investment limitations with respect to any security held in such trust if such security is not needed to satisfy the requirements of subdivision 3 of this subsection;
c. The reinsurance treaty must prohibit withdrawals or substitutions of trust assets that would leave the fair market value of the primary security within the trust when aggregated with primary security outside the trust that is held by or on behalf of the ceding insurer in the manner required by subdivision 3 of this subsection below 102% of the level required by subdivision 3 of this subsection at the time of the withdrawal or substitution; and
d. The determination of reserve credit under 14VAC5-300-120 D shall be determined according to the valuation rules set forth in 14VAC5-318-50 B, as applicable; and
6. The reinsurance treaty has been approved by the commission.
B. Requirements at inception date and on an on-going basis; remediation.
1. The requirements of subsection A of this section must be satisfied as of the date that risks under covered policies are ceded if such date is on or after January 1, 2018, and on an ongoing basis thereafter. Under no circumstances shall a ceding insurer take or consent to any action or series of actions that would result in a deficiency under subdivision A 3 or A 4 of this section with respect to any reinsurance treaty under which covered policies have been ceded, and in the event that a ceding insurer becomes aware at any time that such a deficiency exists, it shall use its best efforts to arrange for the deficiency to be eliminated as expeditiously as possible.
2. Prior to the due date of each quarterly or annual statement, each life insurance company that has ceded reinsurance within the scope of 14VAC5-318-20 shall perform an analysis, on a treaty-by-treaty basis, to determine, as to each reinsurance treaty under which covered policies have been ceded, whether as of the end of the immediately preceding calendar quarter (the valuation date) the requirements of subdivision A 3 or A 4 of this section were satisfied. The ceding insurer shall establish a liability equal to the excess of the credit for reinsurance taken over the amount of primary security actually held pursuant to subdivision A 3 of this section, unless either:
a. The requirements of subdivision A 3 or A 4 of this section were fully satisfied as of the valuation date as to such reinsurance treaty; or
b. Any deficiency has been eliminated before the due date of the quarterly or annual statement to which the valuation date relates through the addition of primary security or other security, as the case may be, in such amount and in such form as would have caused the requirements of subdivision A 3 or A 4 of this section to be fully satisfied as of the valuation date.
3. Nothing in subdivision 2 of this subsection shall be construed to allow a ceding company to maintain any deficiency under subdivision A 3 or A 4 of this section for any period of time longer than is reasonably necessary to eliminate it.
Statutory Authority
§§ 12.1-13, 38.2-223, and 38.2-1316.7 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 9, eff. January 1, 2018.
14VAC5-318-70. Prohibition against avoidance.
No insurer that has covered policies to which this chapter applies, as set forth in 14VAC5-318-20, shall take any action or series of actions or enter into any transaction, arrangement, or series of transactions or arrangements if the purpose of such action, transaction, arrangement, or series thereof is to avoid the requirements of this chapter or to circumvent its purpose and intent, as set forth in 14VAC5-318-10.
Statutory Authority
§§ 12.1-13, 38.2-223, and 38.2-1316.7 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 9, eff. January 1, 2018.
14VAC5-318-80. Severability.
If any provision of this chapter or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is for any reason held to be invalid, the remainder of the chapter and the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
Statutory Authority
§§ 12.1-13, 38.2-223, and 38.2-1316.7 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 9, eff. January 1, 2018.