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Administrative Code

Virginia Administrative Code
11/23/2024

Part II. Standards with More Specific Application

9VAC25-260-160. Fecal coliform bacteria; shellfish waters.

In all open ocean or estuarine waters capable of propagating shellfish or in specific areas where public or leased private shellfish beds are present, and including those waters on which condemnation are established by the State Department of Health, the following criteria for fecal coliform bacteria shall apply:

The geometric mean fecal coliform value for a sampling station shall not exceed an MPN (most probable number) or MF (membrane filtration using mTEC culture media) of 14 per 100 milliliters (ml). The estimated 90th percentile shall not exceed an MPN of 43 per 100 ml for a 5-tube decimal dilution test or an MPN of 49 per 100 ml for a 3-tube decimal dilution test or MF test of 31 CFU (colony forming units) per 100 ml.

Statutory Authority

§ 62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia; 33 USC § 1251 et seq. of the federal Clean Water Act; 40 CFR Part 131.

Historical Notes

Derived from VR680-21-02.1, eff. May 20, 1992; amended, Virginia Register Volume 14, Issue 4, eff. December 10, 1997; Volume 19, Issue 7, eff. January 15, 2003; Volume 26, Issue 12, eff. February 1, 2010.

9VAC25-260-170. Bacteria; other recreational waters.

A. The following bacteria criteria (counts/100ml) shall apply to protect primary contact recreational uses in surface waters, except waters identified in subsection B of this section:

In freshwater, E. coli bacteria shall not exceed a geometric mean of 126 counts/100ml and shall not have greater than a 10% excursion frequency of a statistical threshold value (STV) of 410 counts/100 ml, both in an assessment period of up to 90 days.

In transition and saltwater, Enterococci bacteria shall not exceed a geometric mean of 35 counts/100ml and shall not have greater than a 10% excursion frequency of a statistical threshold value (STV) of 130 counts/100ml, both in an assessment period of up to 90 days.

1. See 9VAC25-260-140 C for boundary delineations for freshwater, transition, and saltwater.

2. In VPDES discharges to freshwater, bacteria in effluent requiring disinfection shall not exceed a monthly geometric mean of E. coli bacteria of 126 counts/100ml. Alternative performance standards may be established where an approved long term control plan establishes an alternative level of disinfection for a combined sewer system.

In VPDES discharges to transition and saltwater, bacteria in effluent requiring disinfection shall not exceed a monthly geometric mean of enterococci bacteria of 35 counts/100ml.

B. The following bacteria criteria per 100 ml (CFU/100 ml) of water shall apply:

E. coli bacteria shall not exceed a monthly geometric mean of 630 CFU/100 ml in freshwater.

Enterococci bacteria shall not exceed a monthly geometric mean of 175 CFU/100 ml in transition and saltwater.

1. See 9VAC25-260-140 C for boundary delineations for freshwater, transition, and saltwater.

2. Geometric means shall be calculated using all data collected during any calendar month with a minimum of four weekly samples.

3. If there is insufficient data to calculate monthly geometric means in freshwater, no more than 10% of the total samples in the assessment period shall exceed 1173 E. coli CFU/100 ml.

4. If there is insufficient data to calculate monthly geometric means in transition and saltwater, no more than 10% of the total samples in the assessment period shall exceed 519 enterococci CFU/100 ml.

5. Where the existing water quality for bacteria is below the geometric mean criteria in a water body designated for secondary contact in subdivision 6 of this subsection that higher water quality will be maintained in accordance with 9VAC25-260-30 A 2.

6. Surface waters designated under this subsection are as follows:

a. (Reserved)

b. (Reserved)

c. (Reserved)

Statutory Authority

§ 62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia; Clean Water Act (33 USC § 1251 et seq.); 40 CFR Part 131.

Historical Notes

Derived from VR680-21-02.2, eff. May 20, 1992; amended, Virginia Register Volume 14, Issue 4, eff. December 10, 1997; Volume 19, Issue 7, eff. January 15, 2003; Volume 20, Issue 9, eff. February 12, 2004; Volume 26, Issue 12, eff. February 1, 2010; amended Virginia Register Volume 36, Issue 6, eff. October 21, 2019.

9VAC25-260-180. [Deleted].

Historical Notes

Derived from VR680-21-02.3, eff. May 20, 1992.

9VAC25-260-185. Criteria to protect designated uses from the impacts of nutrients and suspended sediment in the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries.

A. Dissolved oxygen. The dissolved oxygen criteria in the following table apply to all Chesapeake Bay waters according to their specified designated use and supersede the dissolved oxygen criteria in 9VAC25-260-50.

Designated Use

Criteria Concentration/Duration

Temporal Application

Migratory fish spawning and nursery

7-day mean ≥ 6 mg/l (tidal habitats with 0-0.5 ppt salinity)

February 1 - May 31

Instantaneous minimum ≥ 5 mg/l

Open water1

30-day mean ≥ 5.5 mg/l (tidal habitats with 0-0.5 ppt salinity)

year-round2

30-day mean ≥ 5 mg/l (tidal habitats with > 0.5 ppt salinity)

7-day mean ≥ 4 mg/l

Instantaneous minimum ≥ 3.2 mg/l at temperatures < 29°C

Instantaneous minimum ≥ 4.3 mg/l at temperatures ≥ 29°C

Deep water

30-day mean ≥ 3 mg/l

June 1 - September 30

1-day mean ≥ 2.3 mg/l

Instantaneous minimum ≥ 1.7 mg/l

Deep channel

Instantaneous minimum ≥ 1 mg/l

June 1 - September 30

1In applying this open water instantaneous criterion to the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries where the existing water quality for dissolved oxygen exceeds an instantaneous minimum of 3.2 mg/l, that higher water quality for dissolved oxygen shall be provided antidegradation protection in accordance with 9VAC25-260-30 A 2.

2Open-water dissolved oxygen criteria attainment is assessed separately over two time periods: summer (June 1- September 30) and nonsummer (October 1-May 31) months.

B. Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and water clarity. Attainment of the shallow-water submerged aquatic vegetation designated use shall be determined using any one of the following criteria:

Designated Use

Chesapeake Bay Program Segment

SAV Acres1

Percent Light-Through-Water2

Water Clarity Acres1

Temporal Application

Shallow water submerged aquatic vegetation use

CB5MH

7,633

22%

14,514

April 1 - October 31

CB6PH

1,267

22%

3,168

March 1 - November 30

CB7PH

15,107

22%

34,085

March 1 - November 30

CB8PH

11

22%

28

March 1 - November 30

POTTF

2,093

13%

5,233

April 1 - October 31

POTOH

1,503

13%

3,758

April 1 - October 31

POTMH

4,250

22%

10,625

April 1 - October 31

RPPTF

66

13%

165

April 1 - October 31

RPPOH

4

13%

10

April 1 - October 31

RPPMH

5,380

22%

13,450

April 1 - October 31

CRRMH

768

22%

1,920

April 1 - October 31

PIAMH

3,479

22%

8,014

April 1 - October 31

MPNTF

85

13%

213

April 1 - October 31

MPNOH

-

-

-

-

PMKTF

187

13%

468

April 1 - October 31

PMKOH

-

-

-

-

YRKMH

239

22%

598

April 1 - October 31

YRKPH

2,793

22%

6,982

March 1 - November 30

MOBPH

15,901

22%

33,990

March 1 - November 30

JMSTF2

266

13%

665

April 1 - October 31

JMSTF1

1,333

13%

3,332

April 1 - October 31

APPTF

379

13%

948

April 1 - October 31

JMSOH

15

13%

38

April 1 - October 31

CHKOH

535

13%

1,338

April 1 - October 31

JMSMH

531

22%

1,328

April 1 - October 31

JMSPH

604

22%

1,510

March 1 - November 30

WBEMH

-

-

-

-

SBEMH

-

-

-

-

EBEMH

-

-

-

-

ELIPH

-

-

-

-

LYNPH

107

22%

268

March 1 - November 30

POCOH

-

-

-

-

POCMH

4,066

22%

9,368

April 1 - October 31

TANMH

13,579

22%

22,064

April 1 - October 31

1The assessment period for SAV and water clarity acres shall be the single best year in the most recent three consecutive years. When three consecutive years of data are not available, a minimum of three years within the data assessment window shall be used.

2Percent light-through-water = 100e(-KdZ) where Kd is water column light attenuation coefficient and can be measured directly or converted from a measured secchi depth where Kd = 1.45/secchi depth. Z = depth at location of measurement of Kd.

C. Chlorophyll a.

Designated Use

Chlorophyll a Narrative Criterion

Temporal Application

Open water

Concentrations of chlorophyll a in free-floating microscopic aquatic plants (algae) shall not exceed levels that result in undesirable or nuisance aquatic plant life or render tidal waters unsuitable for the propagation and growth of a balanced, indigenous population of aquatic life or otherwise result in ecologically undesirable water quality conditions such as reduced water clarity, low dissolved oxygen, food supply imbalances, proliferation of species deemed potentially harmful to aquatic life or humans, or aesthetically objectionable conditions.

March 1 - September 30

See 9VAC25-260-310 special standard bb for numerical chlorophyll criteria for the tidal James River.

D. Implementation.

1. Chesapeake Bay program segmentation scheme as described in Chesapeake Bay Program, 2004 Chesapeake Bay Program Analytical Segmentation Scheme-Revisions, Decisions and Rationales: 1983–2003, CBP/TRS 268/04, EPA 903-R-04-008, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, Maryland, and the Chesapeake Bay Program published 2005 addendum (CBP/TRS 278-06; EPA 903-R-05-004) is listed in the following table and shall be used as the spatial assessment unit to determine attainment of the criteria in this section for each designated use.

Chesapeake Bay Segment Description

Segment Name1

Chesapeake Bay Segment Description

Segment Name1

Lower Central Chesapeake Bay

CB5MH

Mobjack Bay

MOBPH

Western Lower Chesapeake Bay

CB6PH

Upper Tidal Fresh James River

JMSTF2

Eastern Lower Chesapeake Bay

CB7PH

Lower Tidal Fresh James River

JMSTF1

Mouth of the Chesapeake Bay

CB8PH

Appomattox River

APPTF

Upper Potomac River

POTTF

Middle James River

JMSOH

Middle Potomac River

POTOH

Chickahominy River

CHKOH

Lower Potomac River

POTMH

Lower James River

JMSMH

Upper Rappahannock River

RPPTF

Mouth of the James River

JMSPH

Middle Rappahannock River

RPPOH

Western Branch Elizabeth River

WBEMH

Lower Rappahannock River

RPPMH

Southern Branch Elizabeth River

SBEMH

Corrotoman River

CRRMH

Eastern Branch Elizabeth River

EBEMH

Piankatank River

PIAMH

Lafayette River

LAFMH

Upper Mattaponi River

MPNTF

Mouth of the Elizabeth River

ELIPH

Lower Mattaponi River

MPNOH

Lynnhaven River

LYNPH

Upper Pamunkey River

PMKTF

Middle Pocomoke River

POCOH

Lower Pamunkey River

PMKOH

Lower Pocomoke River

POCMH

Middle York River

YRKMH

Tangier Sound

TANMH

Lower York River

YRKPH

1First three letters of segment name represent Chesapeake Bay segment description, letters four and five represent the salinity regime of that segment (TF = Tidal Fresh, OH = Oligohaline, MH = Mesohaline, and PH = Polyhaline) and a sixth space is reserved for subdivisions of that segment.

2. The assessment period shall be the most recent three consecutive years. When three consecutive years of data are not available, a minimum of three years within the data assessment window shall be used.

3. Attainment of these criteria shall be assessed through comparison of the generated cumulative frequency distribution of the monitoring data to the applicable criteria reference curve for each designated use. If the monitoring data cumulative frequency curve is completely contained inside the reference curve, then the segment is in attainment of the designated use. The reference curves and procedures to be followed are published in the USEPA, Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Dissolved Oxygen, Water Clarity and Chlorophyll a for the Chesapeake Bay and Its Tidal Tributaries, EPA 903-R-03-002, April 2003 and the 2004 (EPA 903-R-03-002 October 2004), 2007 (CBP/TRS 285/07, EPA 903-R-07-003), 2007 (CBP/TRS 288/07, EPA 903-R-07-005), 2008 (CBP/TRS 290-08, EPA 903-R-08-001), 2010 (CBP/TRS 301-10, EPA 903-R-10-002), and 2017 (CBP/TRS 320-17, EPA 903-R-17-002) addenda. An exception to this requirement is in measuring attainment of the SAV and water clarity acres, which are compared directly to the criteria.

Statutory Authority

§ 62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia; Clean Water Act (33 USC § 1251 et seq.); 40 CFR Part 131.

Historical Notes

Derived from Virginia Register Volume 21, Issue 23, eff. June 24, 2005; amended, Volume 26, Issue 12, eff. February 1, 2010; Volume 27, Issue 6, eff. January 6, 2011; Volume 32, Issue 26, eff. June 27, 2017; Volume 35, Issue 7, eff. January 10, 2019; Volume 39, Issue 9, eff. April 18, 2023.

9VAC25-260-186. Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits and schedules of compliance.

A. As deemed necessary to meet the requirements of 9VAC25-260-185, the board shall issue or modify Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits for point source dischargers located throughout the tidal and nontidal sections of the following river basins: Potomac (9VAC25-260-390 and 9VAC25-260-400), James (9VAC25-260-410, 9VAC25-260-415, 9VAC25-260-420 and 9VAC25-260-430), Rappahannock (9VAC25-260-440), York (9VAC25-260-530) and Chesapeake Bay/Small Coastal Basins (subdivisions 2 through 3g of 9VAC25-260-520).

B. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits issued by permitting authorities with the Chesapeake Bay watershed may include a compliance schedule in accordance with implementing regulations requiring compliance as soon as possible with nutrient load limitations assigned to individual dischargers.

Statutory Authority

§ 62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Virginia Register Volume 21, Issue 23, eff. June 24, 2005.

9VAC25-260-187. Criteria for man-made lakes and reservoirs to protect aquatic life and recreational designated uses from the impacts of nutrients.

A. The criteria in subsection B of this section apply to the man-made lakes and reservoirs listed in this section. Additional man-made lakes and reservoirs may be added as new reservoirs are constructed or monitoring data become available from outside groups or future agency monitoring.

B. Whether or not algicide treatments are used, the chlorophyll a criteria apply to all waters on the list. The total phosphorus criteria apply only if a specific man-made lake or reservoir received algicide treatment during the monitoring and assessment period of April 1 through October 31.

The 90th percentile of the chlorophyll a data collected at one meter or less within the lacustrine portion of the man-made lake or reservoir between April 1 and October 31 shall not exceed the chlorophyll a criterion for that waterbody in each of the two most recent monitoring years that chlorophyll a data are available. For a waterbody that received algicide treatment, the median of the total phosphorus data collected at one meter or less within the lacustrine portion of the man-made lake or reservoir between April 1 and October 31 shall not exceed the total phosphorus criterion in each of the two most recent monitoring years that total phosphorus data are available.

Monitoring data used for assessment shall be from sampling locations within the lacustrine portion where observations are evenly distributed over the seven months from April 1 through October 31 and are in locations that are representative, either individually or collectively, of the condition of the man-made lake or reservoir.

Man-made Lake or Reservoir Name

Location

Chlorophyll a (μg/L)

Total Phosphorus (μg/L)

Abel Lake

Stafford County

35

40

Airfield Pond

Sussex County

35

40

Amelia Lake

Amelia County

35

40

Aquia Reservoir (Smith Lake)

Stafford County

35

40

Bark Camp Lake (Corder Bottom Lake, Lee/Scott/Wise Lake)

Scott County

35

40

Beaver Creek Reservoir

Albemarle County

35

40

Beaverdam Creek Reservoir (Beaverdam Reservoir)

Bedford County

35

40

Beaverdam Reservoir

Loudoun County

35

40

Bedford Reservoir (Stony Creek Reservoir)

Bedford County

35

40

Big Cherry Lake

Wise County

35

40

Breckenridge Reservoir

Prince William County

35

40

Briery Creek Lake

Prince Edward County

35

40

Brunswick Lake (County Pond)

Brunswick County

35

40

Burke Lake

Fairfax County

60

40

Carvin Cove Reservoir

Botetourt County

35

40

Cherrystone Reservoir

Pittsylvania County

35

40

Chickahominy Lake

Charles City County

35

40

Chris Green Lake

Albemarle County

35

40

Claytor Lake

Pulaski County

25

20

Clifton Forge Reservoir (Smith Creek Reservoir)

Alleghany County

35

20

Coles Run Reservoir

Augusta County

10

10

Curtis Lake

Stafford County

60

40

Diascund Creek Reservoir

New Kent County

35

40

Douthat Lake

Bath County

25

20

Elkhorn Lake

Augusta County

10

10

Emporia Lake (Meherrin Reservoir)

Greensville County

35

40

Fairystone Lake

Henry County

35

40

Falling Creek Reservoir

Chesterfield County

35

40

Fluvanna Ruritan Lake

Fluvanna County

60

40

Fort Pickett Reservoir

Nottoway/Brunswick County

35

40

Gatewood Reservoir

Pulaski County

35

40

Georges Creek Reservoir

Pittsylvania County

35

40

Goose Creek Reservoir

Loudoun County

35

40

Graham Creek Reservoir

Amherst County

35

40

Great Creek Reservoir

Lawrenceville

35

40

Harrison Lake

Charles City County

35

40

Harwood Mills Reservoir

York County

60

40

Hidden Valley Lake

Washington County

35

40

Hogan Lake

Pulaski County

35

40

Holiday Lake

Appomattox County

35

40

Hungry Mother Lake

Smyth County

35

40

Hunting Run Reservoir

Spotsylvania County

35

40

J. W. Flannagan Reservoir

Dickenson County

25

20

Kerr Reservoir, Virginia portion (Buggs Island Lake)

Halifax County

25

30

Keysville Reservoir

Charlotte County

35

40

Lake Albemarle

Albemarle County

35

40

Lake Anna

Louisa , Spotsylvania, Orange Counties

25

30

Lake Arrowhead

Page County

35

40

Lake Burnt Mills

Isle of Wight County

60

40

Lake Chesdin

Chesterfield County

35

40

Lake Cohoon

Suffolk City

60

40

Lake Conner

Halifax County

35

40

Lake Frederick

Frederick County

35

40

Lake Gaston, (Virginia portion)

Brunswick County

25

30

Lake Gordon

Mecklenburg County

35

40

Lake Keokee

Lee County

35

40

Lake Kilby

Suffolk City

60

40

Lake Lawson

Virginia Beach City

60

40

Lake Manassas

Prince William County

35

40

Lake Meade

Suffolk City

60

40

Lake Moomaw

Bath County

10

10

Lake Mooney

Stafford County

25

40

Lake Nelson

Nelson County

60

40

Lake Nottoway (Lee Lake, Nottoway Lake)

Nottoway County

35

40

Lake Orange

Orange County

60

40

Lake Pelham

Culpeper County

35

40

Lake Prince

Suffolk City

60

40

Lake Robertson

Rockbridge County

35

40

Lake Smith

Virginia Beach City

60

40

Lake Whitehurst

Norfolk City

60

40

Lake Wright

Norfolk City

60

40

Lakeview Reservoir

Chesterfield County

35

40

Laurel Bed Lake

Russell County

35

40

Lee Hall Reservoir (Newport News Reservoir)

Newport News City

60

40

Leesville Reservoir

Bedford County

25

30

Little Creek Reservoir

Virginia Beach City

60

40

Little Creek Reservoir

James City County

25

30

Little River Reservoir

Montgomery County

35

40

Lone Star Lake F (Crystal Lake)

Suffolk City

60

40

Lone Star Lake G (Crane Lake)

Suffolk City

60

40

Lone Star Lake I (Butler Lake)

Suffolk City

60

40

Lunga Reservoir

Prince William County

35

40

Lunenburg Beach Lake (Victoria Lake)

Town of Victoria

35

40

Martinsville Reservoir (Beaver Creek Reservoir)

Henry County

35

40

Mill Creek Reservoir

Amherst County

35

40

Modest Creek Reservoir

Town of Victoria

35

40

Motts Run Reservoir

Spotsylvania County

25

30

Mount Jackson Reservoir

Shenandoah County

35

40

Mountain Run Lake

Culpeper County

35

40

Ni Reservoir

Spotsylvania County

35

40

North Fork Pound Reservoir

Wise County

35

40

Northeast Creek Reservoir

Louisa County

35

40

Occoquan Reservoir

Fairfax County

35

40

Pedlar Lake

Amherst County

25

20

Philpott Reservoir

Henry County

25

30

Phelps Creek Reservoir (Brookneal Reservoir)

Campbell County

35

40

Powhatan Lakes (Upper and Lower)

Powhatan County

35

40

Ragged Mountain Reservoir

Albemarle County

35

40

Rivanna Reservoir (South Fork Rivanna Reservoir)

Albemarle County

35

40

Roaring Fork

Pittsylvania County

35

40

Rural Retreat Lake

Wythe County

35

40

Sandy River Reservoir

Prince Edward County

35

40

Shenandoah Lake

Rockingham County

35

40

Silver Lake

Rockingham County

35

40

Smith Mountain Lake

Bedford County

25

30

South Holston Reservoir

Washington County

25

20

Speights Run Lake

Suffolk City

60

40

Spring Hollow Reservoir

Roanoke County

25

20

Staunton Dam Lake

Augusta County

35

40

Stonehouse Creek Reservoir

Amherst County

60

40

Strasburg Reservoir

Shenandoah County

35

40

Stumpy Lake

Virginia Beach

60

40

Sugar Hollow Reservoir

Albemarle County

25

20

Swift Creek Lake

Chesterfield County

35

40

Swift Creek Reservoir

Chesterfield County

35

40

Switzer Lake

Rockingham County

10

10

Talbott Reservoir

Patrick County

35

40

Thrashers Creek Reservoir

Amherst County

35

40

Totier Creek Reservoir

Albemarle County

35

40

Townes Reservoir

Patrick County

25

20

Troublesome Creek Reservoir

Buckingham County

35

40

Waller Mill Reservoir

York County

25

30

Western Branch Reservoir

Suffolk City

25

20

Wise Reservoir

Wise County

25

20

C. When the board determines that the applicable criteria in subsection B of this section for a specific man-made lake or reservoir are exceeded, the board shall consult with the Department of Wildlife Resources regarding the status of the fishery in determining whether or not the designated use for that waterbody is being attained. If the designated use of the subject waterbody is not being attained, the board shall assess the waterbody as impaired in accordance with § 62.1-44.19:5 of the Code of Virginia. If the designated use is being attained, the board shall assess the waterbody as impaired in accordance with § 62.1-44.19:5 of the Code of Virginia until site-specific criteria are adopted and become effective for that waterbody.

D. If the nutrient criteria specified for a man-made lake or reservoir in subsection B of this section do not provide for the attainment and maintenance of the water quality standards of downstream waters as required in 9VAC25-260-10 C, the nutrient criteria herein may be modified on a site-specific basis to protect the water quality standards of downstream waters.

Statutory Authority

§ 62.1-44.15 of the Code of Virginia; Clean Water Act (33 USC § 1251 et seq.); 40 CFR Part 131.

Historical Notes

Derived from Virginia Register Volume 24, Issue 4, eff. August 14, 2007; amended, Volume 26, Issue 12, eff. February 1, 2010; Volume 32, Issue 26, eff. June 27, 2017; Volume 39, Issue 9, eff. April 18, 2023.

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