Title 9.1. Commonwealth Public Safety
Subtitle .
Chapter 11. Department of Forensic Science
Chapter 11. Department of Forensic Science.
Article 1. General Provisions.
§ 9.1-1100. Department of Forensic Science created; Director.There is hereby created in the executive branch of state government, a Department of Forensic Science (the Department), which formerly existed as a division within the Department of Criminal Justice Services. The Department shall be headed by a Director appointed by the Governor, subject to confirmation by the General Assembly if in session when such appointment is made, and if not in session, then at its next succeeding session. In making his appointment, the Governor shall choose a candidate meeting the qualifications recommended by the Forensic Science Board created pursuant to § 9.1-1109. The Director shall serve for a term of six years, or until his successor shall be appointed and qualified. Any vacancy shall be filled for the unexpired term in the same manner as the original appointment.
The Director, under the direction and control of the Governor, shall exercise the powers and perform the duties conferred or imposed upon him by law and perform such other duties required by the Governor or requested by the Forensic Science Board created pursuant to § 9.1-1109.
Whenever in this chapter the Board or the Department is required to send any mail or notice by certified mail and such mail or notice is sent certified mail, return receipt requested, then any subsequent, identical mail or notice that is sent by the Board or the Department may be sent by regular mail.
2011, c. 566.
A. It shall be the responsibility of the Department to provide forensic laboratory services upon request of the Superintendent of State Police; the Chief Medical Examiner, the Assistant Chief Medical Examiners, and local medical examiners; any attorney for the Commonwealth; any chief of police, sheriff, or sergeant responsible for law enforcement in the jurisdiction served by him; any local fire department; the head of any private police department that has been designated as a criminal justice agency by the Department of Criminal Justice Services as defined by § 9.1-101; or any state agency in any criminal matter. The Department shall provide such services to any federal investigatory agency within available resources.
B. The Department shall:
1. Provide forensic laboratory services to all law-enforcement agencies throughout the Commonwealth and provide laboratory services, research, and scientific investigations for agencies of the Commonwealth as needed;
2. Establish and maintain a DNA testing program in accordance with Article 1.1 (§ 19.2-310.2 et seq.) of Chapter 18 of Title 19.2 to determine identification characteristics specific to an individual; and
3. Test the accuracy of equipment used to test the blood alcohol content of breath at least once every six months. Only equipment found to be accurate shall be used to test the blood alcohol content of breath.
C. The Department shall have the power and duty to:
1. Receive, administer, and expend all funds and other assistance available for carrying out the purposes of this chapter;
2. Make and enter into all contracts and agreements necessary or incidental to the performance of its duties and execution of its powers under this chapter including, but not limited to, contracts with the United States, units of general local government or combinations thereof in Virginia or other states, and with agencies and departments of the Commonwealth; and
3. Perform such other acts as may be necessary or convenient for the effective performance of its duties.
D. The Director may appoint and employ a deputy director and such other personnel as are needed to carry out the duties and responsibilities conferred by this chapter.
2005, cc. 868, 881; 2006, cc. 327, 551; 2009, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 1, 4; 2011, c. 638.
A. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Department may make and enter into contracts or agreements for forensic laboratory services with any laboratory located in the Commonwealth that is operated by an institution of higher education located in the Commonwealth or a corporate entity that is wholly owned by an institution of higher education located in the Commonwealth, which institution offers a program leading to the Doctor of Pharmacy degree and is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education and the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. No such contract or agreement for forensic laboratory services shall be made or entered into with any other laboratory, except as provided in subsection B.
B. The Department may request, and the Director of the Division of Purchases and Supply of the Department of General Services may grant, an exemption from the provisions of subsection A if (i) a laboratory described in subsection A does not meet the reasonable requirements of the Department; (ii) a laboratory described in subsection A cannot provide the forensic laboratory services required by the Department; (iii) forensic laboratory services identical to those provided by the laboratory described in subsection A can be obtained at a cost that is at least 10 percent less than the cost of obtaining such forensic laboratory services from the laboratory described in subsection A, as evidenced by a verified request for pricing; or (iv) in cases in which the Department has issued a Request for Proposals, a proposal submitted by a laboratory other than a laboratory described in subsection A has received a ranking that is at least 10 percent higher than the ranking of any laboratory described in subsection A. In any case in which an exemption is granted pursuant to this subsection, the Director of the Division of Purchases and Supply of the Department of General Services shall submit a written justification for the exception to the Directors of the Department of Forensic Science and the Department of General Services.
Whenever the possession or transfer of any item or material is prohibited by law, such prohibition shall not apply to any Department employee who possesses or transfers such prohibited item or material while engaged in the performance of his official duties.
2019, c. 507.
A. The Department and its facilities shall be located so as to ensure the protection of evidence.
B. The Department shall provide for security and protection of evidence, official samples, and all other samples submitted to the Department for analysis or examination.
C. The Department shall ensure that its services are performed by skilled professionals who are qualified to testify in court regarding such services.
The Forensic Science Academy, formerly within the Division of Forensic Science, shall be transferred to the Department, and shall provide advanced training to law-enforcement agencies in the location, collection, and preservation of evidence.
Upon the request of any person accused of a crime or upon the request of an accused person's attorney, the Department or the Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services shall furnish to the accused or his attorney the results of any investigation that has been conducted by it and that is related in any way to a crime for which the person is accused. In any case in which an attorney of record for a person accused of violation of any criminal law of the Commonwealth, or the accused, may desire a scientific investigation, he shall, by motion filed before the court in which the charge is pending, certify that in good faith he believes that a scientific investigation may be relevant to the criminal charge and that the Department or the Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services has indicated it has a methodology to perform the requested scientific investigation. The motion shall be heard ex parte as soon as practicable, and the court shall, after a hearing upon the motion and being satisfied as to the correctness of the certification, order that the same be performed by the Department or the Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services and shall prescribe in its order the method of custody, transfer, and return of evidence submitted for scientific investigation. Upon the request of the attorney for the Commonwealth of the jurisdiction in which the charge is pending, he shall be furnished the results of the scientific investigation.
Independent experts employed by (i) an attorney of record for a person accused of violation of any criminal law of the Commonwealth or (ii) the accused, for the purpose of reexamination of materials previously examined in any laboratory of the Department, shall conduct their analyses or examinations independently of the facilities, equipment, or supplies of the Department.
Any material that is seized in any criminal investigation and that is deemed to be hazardous to health and safety, may be disposed of upon written application of the Department to the attorney for the Commonwealth in the city or county where the material is seized or where any criminal prosecution in which the material is proposed to be evidence is pending. Upon receipt thereof, the attorney for the Commonwealth shall file the application in the circuit court of such county or city. A sworn analysis report signed by a person designated by the Director of the Department shall accompany the application for disposal and shall clearly identify and designate the material to be disposed of. The application shall state the nature of the hazardous materials, the quantity thereof, the location where seized, the person from whom the materials were seized, and the manner whereby the materials shall be destroyed.
When the ownership of the hazardous material is known, notice shall be given to the owner at least three days prior to any hearing relating to the destruction, and, if any criminal charge is pending in any court as a result of the seizure, the notice shall be given to the accused if other than the owner.
Upon receipt of the analysis report and the application, the court may order the destruction of all, or a part of, the material. However, a sufficient and representative quantity of the material shall be retained to permit an independent analysis when a criminal prosecution may result from the seizure. A return under oath, reporting the time, place, and manner of destruction, shall be made to the courts. Copies of the analysis report, application, order, and return shall be made a part of the record of any criminal prosecution. The sworn analysis report shall be admissible as evidence to the same extent as the disposed-of material would have been admissible.
Personal property, including drugs, not disposed of under § 9.1-1106, that has been submitted to the Department for analysis or examination and that has not been reclaimed by the agency submitting the property for analysis or examination, may be disposed of by the Department in accordance with this section if, after the expiration of 120 days after the receipt by the Department of the property, the Director notifies the circuit court of the county or city from which the property was taken, in writing, that the analysis or examination has been completed, and a report submitted to the agency that the property has not been reclaimed by the agency submitting it and that the Department proposes to dispose of the property. The notice shall state the nature of the property, the quantity thereof, the location where seized, the name of the accused, if known, and the proposed method of disposing of the property.
When the ownership of the property is known, a copy of the notice shall be sent simultaneously with the notice to the court to the owner, or, if any criminal charge is pending in any court relating to the property, the copy shall be sent to the accused at his last known address. Notice shall be by certified mail. The court, within 30 days after receipt of the notice, may direct that the property be disposed of by the Department, by an alternative method designed to preserve the property, at the expense of the agency submitting the property to the Department. If the court does not so direct within the 30-day period, then the Department may dispose of the property by the method set out in the notice. Copies of the analysis report and notice shall be made a part of the record of any criminal prosecution. The report, if sworn to, shall be admissible as evidence to the same extent as the disposed-of property would have been admissible.
Notwithstanding the provisions of §§ 9.1-1106 and 9.1-1107, the Department may file an application in the Circuit Court of the City of Richmond seeking an order authorizing the disposal of all personal property, including drugs, received by the Department more than 15 years prior to the filing of the application. The application, under oath, shall list each item of property, the date of submission to the Department, the agency or individual submitting the property, any previous court orders entered regarding the storage of the property, and the proposed method of disposal. The application shall also state that written notice by first-class mail was given to each agency or individual submitting property listed at least 30 days prior to the application, and that no agency or individual objected to the disposal. A return, under oath, reporting the time, place, and manner of disposal, shall be made to the court.
Article 2. Forensic Science Board.
§ 9.1-1109. Forensic Science Board; membership.A. The Forensic Science Board (the Board) is established as a policy board within the meaning of § 2.2-2100, in the executive branch of state government. The Board shall consist of 15 members as follows:
1. The Superintendent of the State Police or his designee;
2. The Director of the Department of Criminal Justice Services or his designee;
3. The Chief Medical Examiner or his designee;
4. The Executive Director of the Virginia Board of Pharmacy or his designee;
5. The Attorney General, or his designee;
6. The Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia or his designee;
7. The Chairman of the Virginia State Crime Commission or his designee;
8. The Director of the Virginia Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services or his designee;
9. The Chairman of the Senate Committee for Courts of Justice or his designee;
10. The Chairman of the House Committee for Courts of Justice or his designee;
11. Two members of the Scientific Advisory Committee, chosen by the chairman of that committee; and
12. Three members, appointed by the Governor, from among the citizens of the Commonwealth as follows:
a. A member of law enforcement;
b. A member of the Virginia Commonwealth's Attorneys Association; and
c. A member who is a criminal defense attorney having specialized knowledge in the area of forensic sciences.
B. The legislative members shall serve for terms coincident with their terms of office. The members appointed by the Governor shall serve for terms of four years, provided that no member shall serve beyond the time when he holds the office or employment by reason of which he was initially eligible for appointment. Any vacancy on the Board shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment, but for the unexpired term.
C. Notwithstanding any provision of any statute, ordinance, local law, or charter provision to the contrary, membership on the Board shall not disqualify any member from holding any other public office or employment, or cause the forfeiture thereof.
D. The Board shall elect its chairman and vice-chairman. A majority of the members shall constitute a quorum. Members shall be paid reasonable and necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties. Legislative members shall receive compensation as provided in § 30-19.12 and nonlegislative citizen members shall receive compensation for their services as provided in §§ 2.2-2813 and 2.2-2825.
E. The Board shall hold no less than four regular meetings a year. Subject to the requirements of this subsection, the chairman of the Board shall fix the times and places of meetings, either on his own motion or upon written request of any five members of the Board.
A. The Board shall have the power and duty to:
1. Adopt regulations, pursuant to the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.), for the administration of (i) this chapter or (ii) §§ 18.2-268.6, 18.2-268.9, 19.2-188.1, and 19.2-310.5 and for any provisions of the Code as they relate to the responsibilities of the Department. Any proposed regulations concerning the privacy, confidentiality, and security of criminal justice information or DNA identification shall be submitted for review and comment to any board, commission, or committee or other body that may be established by the General Assembly to regulate the privacy, confidentiality, and security of information collected and maintained by the Commonwealth or any political subdivision thereof;
2. Develop and establish program and fiscal standards and goals governing the operations of the Department;
3. Ensure the development of long-range programs and plans for the incorporation of new technologies as they become available;
4. Review and comment on all budgets and requests for appropriations for the Department prior to their submission to the Governor and on all applications for federal funds;
5. Monitor the activities of the Department and its effectiveness in implementing the standards and goals of the Board;
6. Advise the Governor, Director, and General Assembly on matters relating to the Department and forensic science in general;
7. Review, amend, and approve recommendations of the Scientific Advisory Committee;
8. Monitor the receipt, administration, and expenditure of all funds and other assistance available for carrying out the purposes of this chapter;
9. Approve Department applications for grants from the United States government or any other source in carrying out the purposes of this chapter and approve of acceptance of any and all donations both real and personal, and grants of money from any governmental unit or public agency, or from any institution, person, firm or corporation, and may receive, utilize and dispose of the same. With regard to any grants of money from a governmental or public agency, the Board may delegate or assign the duties under this subdivision to the chairman of the Board who may, with the concurrence of the vice-chairman and in consultation with the Director, make such determinations. Any grants or donations received pursuant to this section shall be detailed in the annual report of the Board. The report shall include the identity of the donor, the nature of the transaction, and the conditions, if any. Any moneys received pursuant to this section shall be deposited in the state treasury to the account of the Department;
10. Monitor all contracts and agreements necessary or incidental to the performance of the duties of the Department and execution of its powers under this chapter, including but not limited to, contracts with the United States, units of general local government or combinations thereof, in Virginia or other states, and with agencies and departments of the Commonwealth; and
11. Recommend actions to foster and promote coordination and cooperation between the Department and the user programs that are served.
B. By November 1 of each year, the Board shall review and make recommendations to the Chairmen of the House Committee on Appropriations, the Senate Committee on Finance and Appropriations, and the Crime Commission concerning:
1. New major programs and plans for the activities of the Department and elimination of programs no longer needed;
2. Policy and priorities in response to agency needs;
3. General fiscal year operational budget and any major changes in appropriated funds;
4. Actions to foster and promote coordination and cooperation between the Department and the user programs which are served;
5. Rules and regulations necessary to carry out the purposes and intent of this chapter; and
6. Any recommendations submitted to the Board or the Director by the Scientific Advisory Committee.
The Scientific Advisory Committee is hereby established as an advisory board within the meaning of § 2.2-2100, in the executive branch of state government. The Scientific Advisory Committee (the Committee) shall consist of 13 members, consisting of the Director of the Department, and 12 members appointed by the Governor as follows: a director of a private or federal forensic laboratory; a forensic scientist or any other person, with an advanced degree, who has received substantial education, training, or experience in the subject of laboratory standards or quality assurance regulation and monitoring; a forensic scientist with an advanced degree who has received substantial education, training, or experience in the discipline of molecular biology; a forensic scientist with an advanced degree and having experience in the discipline of population genetics; a scientist with an advanced degree and having experience in the discipline of forensic chemistry; a scientist with an advanced degree and having experience in the discipline of forensic biology; a forensic scientist or any other person, with an advanced degree who has received substantial education, training, or experience in the discipline of trace evidence; a scientist with a doctoral degree and having experience in the discipline of forensic toxicology, who is certified by the American Board of Forensic Toxicology; a member of the Board of the International Association for Identification when initially appointed; a member of the Board of the Association of Firearms and Tool Mark Examiners when initially appointed; a member of the International Association for Chemical Testing; and a member of the American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors.
Members of the Committee initially appointed shall serve the following terms: four members shall serve a term of one year, four members shall serve a term of two years, and four members shall serve a term of four years. Thereafter, all appointments shall be for a term of four years. A vacancy other than by expiration of term shall be filled by the Governor for the unexpired term.
Members of the Committee shall be paid reasonable and necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties, and shall receive compensation for their services as provided in §§ 2.2-2813 and 2.2-2825.
The Committee shall meet twice a year in the City of Richmond and at such other times and places as it determines or as directed by the Governor or the Forensic Science Board. A chairman shall be elected from among the members appointed by the Governor. Staff to the Committee shall be provided by the Department of Forensic Science.
A. The Committee may review laboratory operations of the Department and make recommendations concerning the quality and timeliness of services furnished to user agencies.
B. The Committee shall review and make recommendations as necessary to the Director of the Department and the Forensic Science Board concerning:
1. New scientific programs, protocols, and methods of testing;
2. Plans for the implementation of new programs, sustaining existing programs and improving upon them where possible, and the elimination of programs no longer needed;
3. Protocols for testing and examination methods, and guidelines for the presentation of results in court; and
4. Qualification standards for the various scientists of the Department, including the Director.
C. Upon request of the Director of the Department, the Forensic Science Board, or the Governor, the Committee shall review analytical work, reports, and conclusions of scientists employed by the Department. The Committee shall recommend to the Forensic Science Board a review process for the Department to use in instances where there has been an allegation of misidentification or other testing error made by the Department during its examination of evidence.
