Virginia Law

A. Covered services in the CCC Plus Waiver are as follows: adult day health care; personal care (both consumer-directed and agency-directed); respite services (both consumer-directed and agency-directed); PERS services, including medication monitoring; services facilitation; private duty nursing; assistive technology; environmental modifications; and transition services.

1. The services covered in this waiver shall be appropriate and medically necessary to maintain the individual in the community in order to prevent institutionalization and shall be cost effective in the aggregate as compared to the alternative institutional placement.

2. CCC Plus Waiver services shall not be authorized if another entity is required to provide the services (e.g., schools, insurance). Waiver services shall not duplicate services available through other programs or funding streams.

3. An individual receiving CCC Plus Waiver services who is also getting hospice care may receive Medicaid-covered personal care (agency-directed and consumer-directed), respite care (agency-directed and consumer-directed), services facilitation, private duty nursing, adult day health care, transition services, and PERS services, regardless of whether the hospice provider receives reimbursement from Medicare or Medicaid for the services covered under the hospice benefit.

4. Agency-directed and consumer-directed personal care services and respite care services shall be subject to the electronic visit verification requirements set out in 12VAC30-60-65.

B. Disenrollment from consumer-directed services. In disenrollment situations, the waiver individual shall be offered agency-directed personal care and respite services from a provider of the waiver individual's choice.

1. A waiver individual may be found to be ineligible for CD services by either the LTSS screening team, DMAS, its designated agent, or the services facilitator. An individual may not begin or continue to receive CD services if there are circumstances where the waiver individual's health, safety, or welfare cannot be assured, including:

a. It is determined that the waiver individual cannot complete the duties of the EOR and no one else is able to assume this role;

b. The waiver individual cannot ensure his own health, safety, or welfare or develop an emergency backup plan that will ensure his health, safety, or welfare; or

c. The waiver individual has medication or skilled nursing needs or medical or behavioral conditions that cannot be met through CD services or other services.

2. The waiver individual may be involuntarily disenrolled from consumer direction if the individual or the EOR, as appropriate, is consistently unable to retain or manage the attendant as may be demonstrated by, but not necessarily limited to, a pattern of serious discrepancies with the attendant's work shift entries or noncompliance with CD EOR requirements.

3. In situations where either (i) the waiver individual's health, safety, or welfare cannot be assured or (ii) attendant work shift entry discrepancies are known, the services facilitator shall assist as requested with the waiver individual's transfer to agency-directed services as follows:

a. Verify that essential training has been provided to the waiver individual or EOR;

b. Document, in the waiver individual's record, the conditions creating the necessity for the involuntary disenrollment and actions taken by the services facilitator;

c. Discuss with the waiver individual or the EOR, as appropriate, the agency-directed option that is available and the actions needed to arrange for such services and offer choice of potential providers; and

d. Provide written notice to the waiver individual of the right to appeal such involuntary termination of consumer direction. Such notice shall be given at least 10 calendar days prior to the effective date of this change. In cases when the individual's or the provider personnel's safety may be in jeopardy, the 10 calendar days' notice shall not apply.

C. Adult day health care (ADHC) services. ADHC services shall only be offered to waiver individuals who meet LTSS screening criteria as established in 12VAC30-60-303 and 12VAC30-60-313 and for whom ADHC services shall be an appropriate and medically necessary alternative to institutional care. ADHC services may be offered to individuals in a VDSS-licensed adult day care center (ADCC) congregate setting. ADHC may be offered either as the sole home and community-based waiver service or in conjunction with personal care (either agency-directed or consumer-directed), respite care (either agency-directed or consumer-directed), or PERS. A multi-disciplinary approach to developing, implementing, and evaluating each waiver individual's POC shall be essential to quality ADHC services.

1. ADHC services shall be designed to prevent institutionalization by providing waiver individuals with health care services, maintenance of the individual's physical and mental conditions, and coordination of rehabilitation services in a congregate daytime setting and shall be tailored to each individual's unique needs. The minimum range of services that shall be made available to every waiver individual shall be: assistance with ADLs, nursing services, coordination of rehabilitation services, nutrition, social services, recreation, and socialization services.

a. Assistance with ADLs shall include supervision of the waiver individual and assistance with management of the individual's POC.

b. Nursing services shall include the periodic evaluation, at least every 90 days, of the waiver individual's nursing needs; provision of indicated nursing care and treatment; responsibility for monitoring, recording, and administering prescribed medications; supervision of the waiver individual in self-administered medication; support of families in their home care efforts for the waiver individuals through education and counseling; and helping families identify and appropriately utilize health care resources. Periodic evaluations may occur more frequently than every 90 days if indicated by the individual's changing condition. Nursing services shall also include the general supervision of provider staff, who are certified through the Board of Nursing, in medication management and administering medications.

c. Coordination and implementation of rehabilitation services to ensure the waiver individual receives all rehabilitative services deemed necessary to improve or maintain independent functioning, to include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy.

d. Nutrition services shall be provided to include one or more meals per day that meets the daily nutritional requirements pursuant to 22VAC40-61-360. Special diets and nutrition counseling shall be provided as required or requested by the waiver individual.

e. Recreation and social activities shall be provided that are suited to the needs of the waiver individuals and shall be designed to encourage physical exercise, prevent physical and mental deterioration, and stimulate social interaction.

f. ADHC coordination shall involve implementing the waiver individuals' POCs, updating such plans, recording 30-day progress notes, and reviewing the waiver individuals' daily logs each week.

2. Limits on covered ADHC services.

a. A day of ADHC services shall be defined as a minimum of six hours.

b. ADHCs that do not employ professional nursing staff on site shall not be permitted to admit waiver individuals who require skilled nursing care to their centers. Examples of skilled nursing care may include: (i) tube feedings; (ii) Foley catheter irrigations; (iii) sterile dressing changing; or (iv) any other procedures that require sterile technique. The ADCC shall not permit its aide employees to perform skilled nursing procedures.

c. At any time that the center is no longer able to provide reliable, continuous care to any of the center's waiver individuals for the number of hours per day or days per week as contained in the individuals' POCs, the center shall contact the waiver individuals, family, caregivers, or MCO care coordinators, as appropriate, to initiate other care arrangements for these individuals. The center may either subcontract with another ADCC or may transfer the waiver individual to another ADCC. The center may discharge waiver individuals from the center's services but not from the waiver. Written notice of discharge shall be provided, with the specific reason or reasons for discharge, at least 10 calendar days prior to the effective date of the discharge. In cases when the individual's or the center personnel's safety may be in jeopardy, the 10 calendar days' notice shall not apply.

d. ADHC services shall not be provided, for the purpose of Medicaid reimbursement, to individuals who reside in nursing facilities, intermediate care facilities for individuals with intellectual disabilities, hospitals, assisted living facilities that are licensed by VDSS, or group homes that are licensed by DBHDS.

D. Agency-directed personal care services. Agency-directed personal care services shall be offered to persons who meet the LTSS screening criteria at 12VAC30-60-303 and 12VAC30-60-313 and for whom it shall be an appropriate alternative to institutional care. Agency-directed personal care services shall be comprised of hands-on care of either a supportive or health-related nature and shall include assistance with ADLs, access to the community, assistance with medications in accordance with VDH licensing requirements or other medical needs, supervision, and the monitoring of health status and physical condition. Where the individual requires assistance with ADLs, and when specified in the POC, such supportive services may include assistance with IADLs. This service shall not include skilled nursing services with the exception of skilled nursing tasks (e.g., catheterization) that may be delegated pursuant to Part V (18VAC90-19-240 through 18VAC90-19-280) of 18VAC90-19. Agency-directed personal care services may be provided in a home or community setting to enable an individual to maintain the health status and functional skills necessary to live in the community or participate in community activities. Personal care may be offered either as the sole home and community-based waiver service or in conjunction with adult day health care, respite care (agency-directed or consumer-directed), or PERS. The provider shall document, in the individual's medical record, the waiver individual's choice of the agency-directed model.

1. Criteria. In order to qualify for this service, the waiver individual shall have met the LOC criteria as set out in 12VAC30-60-303 and 12VAC30-60-313 as documented on the UAI assessment form, and for whom it shall be an appropriate alternative to institutional care.

a. A waiver individual may receive both CD and agency-directed personal care services if the individual meets the criteria. Hours received by the individual who is receiving both CD and agency-directed services shall not exceed the total number of hours that would be needed if the waiver individual were receiving personal care services through a single delivery model.

b. CD and agency-directed services shall not be simultaneously provided but may be provided sequentially or alternately from each other.

c. The individual, family, or caregiver shall have a backup plan or caregiver for the provision of services in the event the agency is unable to provide an aide.

2. Limits on covered agency-directed personal care services.

a. DMAS shall not duplicate services that are required as a reasonable accommodation as a part of the Americans with Disabilities Act (42 USC §§ 12131 through 12165) or the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 USC § 794).

b. DMAS or its contractor shall reimburse for services delivered, consistent with the approved POC, for personal care that the personal care aide provides to the waiver individual to assist while at work or postsecondary school or both.

(1) DMAS or the designated service authorization contractor shall review the waiver individual's needs and the complexity of the disability, as applicable, when determining the services that are provided to the individual in the workplace or postsecondary school or both.

(2) DMAS shall not pay for the personal care aide to assist the waiver individual with any functions or tasks related to the individual completing a job or postsecondary school functions or for supervision time during either work or postsecondary school or both.

c. Supervision services shall be authorized to ensure the health, safety, or welfare of the waiver individual who cannot be left alone at any time or is unable to call for help in case of an emergency, and when there is no competent adult in the home able to call for help in case of an emergency.

d. There shall be a maximum limit of eight hours per day for supervision services. Supervision services shall be documented in the POC as needed by the individual.

e. Agency-directed personal care services shall be limited to 56 hours of services per week for 52 weeks per year. Exceptions may be granted based on criteria set forth in 12VAC30-120-927.

f. Electronic visit verification requirements set out in 12VAC30-60-65 shall apply to these agency-directed respite care services.

g. Due to the complex medical needs of waiver individuals requiring PDN services and the need for 24-hour supervision, the trained primary caregiver shall be present in the home and shall render the required skilled services during the entire time that the aide is providing unskilled care.

E. Agency-directed respite care services. Agency-directed respite care services shall be offered to waiver individuals who meet the LTSS screening criteria at 12VAC30-60-303 and 12VAC30-60-313 and for whom it shall be an appropriate alternative to institutional care. Agency-directed respite care services may be either skilled respite or unskilled care and shall be comprised of hands-on care of either a supportive or health-related nature and may include assistance with ADLs, access to the community, assistance with medications in accordance with VDH licensing requirements or other medical needs, supervision, and monitoring health status and physical condition. Skilled respite care shall include skilled nursing care ordered on the physician-certified POC.

1. Respite care shall only be offered to individuals who have an unpaid primary caregiver who requires temporary relief to avoid institutionalization of the waiver individual. Respite care services may be provided in the individual's home or other community settings. Respite shall also be provided in children's residential facilities in accordance with 12VAC30-120-925.

2. When the individual requires assistance with ADLs, and where such assistance is specified in the waiver individual's POC, such supportive services may also include assistance with IADLs.

3. Unskilled respite service shall not include skilled nursing services with the exception of skilled nursing tasks (e.g., catheterization) that may be delegated pursuant to Part V (18VAC90-19-240 through 18VAC90-19-280) of 18VAC90-19.

4. Skilled respite care services.

a. This service shall be provided by skilled nursing staff licensed to practice in the Commonwealth under the direct supervision of a licensed, certified, or accredited home health agency with which DMAS has a provider agreement to provide PDN. Direct supervision means that the supervising RN is immediately accessible by telephone to the RN, LPN, or personal care aide who is delivering waiver-covered services to individuals.

b. Skilled respite care services shall be comprised of both skilled and hands-on care of either a supportive or health-related nature and may include all skilled nursing care as ordered on the physician-certified POC, assistance with ADLs or IADLs, administration of medications or other medical needs, and monitoring of the health status and physical condition of individuals.

c. When skilled respite services are offered in conjunction with PDN, the same individual record may be used with a separate section for skilled respite services documentation. This documentation must be clearly labeled as distinct from PDN services.

d. Individuals who reside in the same house shall be permitted to share skilled respite care service providers. The same limits on this service in the congregate setting (480 hours per calendar year per household) shall apply regardless of the type of waiver.

5. Limits on service.

a. The unit of service shall be one hour. Respite care services shall be limited to 480 hours per individual per calendar year, to be service authorized. No additional respite hours beyond the maximum limit shall be approved for payment for individuals, even those who change waiver programs. Additionally, individuals who are receiving respite services in this waiver through both the agency-directed and CD models shall not exceed 480 hours per calendar year combined.

b. If agency-directed respite care service is the only service received by the waiver individual, it must be received at least as often as every 30 days. If this service is not required at this minimal level of frequency, then the provider or MCO shall notify the local department of social services for its redetermination of eligibility for the waiver individual.

c. The individual, family, or caregiver shall have a backup plan or caregiver for the provision of services in the event the agency is unable to provide an aide.

d. Electronic visit verification requirements set out in 12VAC30-60-65 shall apply to these agency-directed respite care services.

F. Services facilitation for consumer-directed services. Consumer-directed personal care and respite care services shall only be offered to waiver individuals who meet the LTSS screening criteria at 12VAC30-60-303 and 12VAC30-60-313 and for whom there shall be appropriate alternatives to institutional care.

1. Individuals who choose CD services shall receive support from a DMAS-enrolled services facilitator or a provider designated by the managed care organization as required in conjunction with CD services. The services facilitator shall document the waiver individual's choice of the CD model and whether there is a need for another person to serve as the EOR on behalf of the individual. The services facilitator shall be responsible for assessing the waiver individual's particular needs for a requested CD service, assisting in the development of the POC, providing training to the EOR on the EOR's responsibilities as an employer, and for providing ongoing support of the CD services.

2. Individuals who are eligible for CD services shall have an EOR who has the capability to hire, to train, and to fire the personal care attendant and supervise the attendant's performance, including approving the attendant's work shift entries.

a. If a waiver individual is unwilling or unable to direct the individual's own care or is younger than 18 years of age, family, a caregiver, or a designated person shall serve as the EOR on behalf of the waiver individual in order to perform these supervisory and work shift entry approval functions.

b. Specific employer duties shall include checking references of personal care attendants and determining that personal care attendants meet qualifications.

3. The individual, family, or caregiver shall have a backup plan or caregiver for the provision of services in case the attendant does not show up for work as scheduled or terminates employment without prior notice.

4. The services facilitator shall not be the waiver individual, a CD attendant, a provider of other Medicaid-covered services, the spouse of the waiver individual, the natural, adoptive, step, or foster parent or other legal guardian of the waiver individual who is a minor, or the EOR who is employing the CD attendant.

5. DMAS or the MCO shall either provide for fiscal/employer agent services or contract for the services of a fiscal/employer agent for CD services. The fiscal/employer agent shall be reimbursed by DMAS or the DMAS contractor to perform certain tasks as an agent for the EOR. The fiscal/employer agent shall handle responsibilities for the waiver individual, including payroll, employment taxes, and background checks for attendants. The fiscal/employer agent shall seek and obtain all necessary authorizations and approvals of the Internal Revenue Service in order to fulfill all of these duties.

G. Consumer-directed personal care services. CD personal care services shall be comprised of hands-on care of either a supportive or health-related nature and shall include assistance with ADLs, access to the community, monitoring of self-administered medications or other medical needs, supervision, and the monitoring of health status and physical condition. Where the waiver individual requires assistance with ADLs, and when specified in the POC, such supportive services may include assistance with IADLs. This service shall not include skilled nursing services with the exception of skilled nursing tasks (e.g., catheterization) that may be delegated pursuant to Part V (18VAC90-19-240 through 18VAC90-19-280) of 18VAC90-19 and as permitted by Chapter 30 (§ 54.1-3000 et seq.) of Title 54.1 of the Code of Virginia. CD personal care services may be provided in a home or community setting to enable an individual to maintain the health status and functional skills necessary to live in the community or participate in community activities. Personal care may be offered either as the sole home and community-based waiver service or in conjunction with adult day health care, respite care (agency-directed or consumer-directed), or PERS.

1. In order to qualify for this service, the waiver individual shall have met the LOC criteria as set out in 12VAC30-60-303 and 12VAC30-60-313 as documented on the UAI assessment instrument, and for whom it shall be an appropriate alternative to institutional care.

a. A waiver individual may receive both CD and agency-directed personal care services if the individual meets the criteria. Hours received by the waiver individual who is receiving both CD and agency-directed services shall not exceed the total number of hours that would be otherwise authorized had the individual chosen to receive personal care services through a single delivery model.

b. CD and agency-directed services shall not be simultaneously provided but may be provided sequentially or alternately from each other.

2. Limits on covered CD personal care services.

a. DMAS shall not duplicate services that are required as a reasonable accommodation as a part of the Americans with Disabilities Act (42 USC §§ 12131 through 12165) or the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 USC § 794).

b. There shall be a limit of eight hours per day for supervision services included in the POC. Supervision services shall be authorized to ensure the health, safety, or welfare of the waiver individual who cannot be left alone at any time or is unable to call for help in case of an emergency, and when there is no other competent adult able to call for help in case of an emergency.

c. Consumer-directed personal care services shall be limited to 56 hours of services per week for 52 weeks per year. Exceptions may be granted based on criteria set forth in 12VAC30-120-927.

d. Electronic visit verification requirements as set out in 12VAC30-60-65 shall apply to these CD personal care services.

e. Due to the complex medical needs of waiver individuals requiring PDN services and the need for 24-hour supervision, the trained primary caregiver shall be present in the home and shall render the required skilled services during the entire time that the attendant is providing unskilled care.

3. CD personal care services at work or school shall be limited as follows:

a. DMAS or its contractor shall reimburse for services delivered, consistent with the approved POC, for CD personal care that the attendant provides to the waiver individual to assist while at work or postsecondary school or both.

b. DMAS or the designated service authorization contractor shall review the waiver individual's needs and the complexity of the disability, as applicable, when determining the services that will be provided to the individual in the workplace or postsecondary school or both.

c. DMAS shall not pay for the personal care attendant to assist the waiver individual with any functions or tasks related to the individual completing a job or postsecondary school functions or for supervision time during work or postsecondary school or both.

H. Consumer-directed respite care services. CD respite care services are unskilled care and shall be comprised of hands-on care of either a supportive or health-related nature and may include assistance with ADLs, access to the community, monitoring of self-administration of medications or other medical needs, supervision, monitoring health status and physical condition, and personal care services in a work environment.

1. In order to qualify for this service, the waiver individual shall have met the LOC criteria as set out in 12VAC30-60-303 and 12VAC30-60-313 as documented on the UAI form, and for whom it shall be an appropriate alternative to institutional care.

2. CD respite care services shall only be offered to individuals who have an unpaid primary caregiver who requires temporary relief to avoid institutionalization of the waiver individual. This service shall be provided in the waiver individual's home or other community settings.

3. When the waiver individual requires assistance with ADLs, and where such assistance is specified in the individual's POC, such supportive services may also include assistance with IADLs.

4. Electronic visit verification requirements as set out in 12VAC30-60-65 shall apply to these CD respite care services.

5. Limits on covered CD respite care services.

a. The unit of service shall be one hour. Respite care services shall be limited to 480 hours per waiver individual per calendar year. If a waiver individual changes waiver programs, this same maximum number of respite hours shall apply. No additional respite hours beyond the 480 maximum limit shall be approved for payment. Individuals who are receiving respite care services in this waiver through both the agency-directed and CD models shall not exceed 480 hours per calendar year combined.

b. CD respite care services shall not include skilled nursing services with the exception of skilled nursing tasks (e.g., catheterization) that may be delegated pursuant to Part V (18VAC90-19-240 through 18VAC90-19-280) of 18VAC90-19 and as permitted by Chapter 30 (§ 54.1-3000 et seq.) of Title 54.1 of the Code of Virginia).

c. If consumer-directed respite care service is the only service received by the waiver individual, it shall be received at least as often as every 30 days. If this service is not required at this minimal level of frequency, then the services facilitator or MCO shall refer the waiver individual to the local department of social services for its redetermination of Medicaid eligibility for the waiver individual.

I. Personal emergency response system (PERS).

1. Service description. PERS is a service that monitors the individual's safety in the home and provides access to emergency assistance for medical or environmental emergencies through the provision of a two-way voice communication system that dials a 24-hour response or monitoring center upon activation and via the individual's home telephone line or system. PERS may also include medication monitoring devices.

a. PERS shall be authorized only when there is no other competent adult in the home who is available to call for help in an emergency or when the individual's health, safety, and welfare cannot be ensured.

b. The use of PERS equipment shall not relieve the primary or backup caregiver of the caregiver's responsibilities.

c. Service units and service limitations.

(1) PERS shall be limited to waiver individuals who are ages 14 years and older who also either live alone or are alone for significant parts of the day and who have no regular caregiver for extended periods of time. PERS shall only be provided in conjunction with receipt of personal care services (either agency-directed or consumer-directed), respite services (either agency-directed or consumer-directed), or adult day health care. A waiver individual shall not receive PERS if the individual has a cognitive impairment as defined in 12VAC30-120-900.

(2) A unit of service shall include administrative costs, time, labor, and supplies associated with the installation, maintenance, monitoring, and adjustments of the PERS. A unit of service shall be the one-month rental price set by DMAS in its fee schedule. The one-time installation of the unit shall include installation, account activation, individual and family or caregiver instruction, and subsequent removal of PERS equipment when it is no longer needed.

(3) PERS services shall be capable of being activated by a remote wireless device and shall be connected to the waiver individual's telephone line or system. The PERS console unit must provide hands-free voice-to-voice communication with the response center. The activating device must be (i) waterproof, (ii) able to automatically transmit to the response center an activator low battery alert signal prior to the battery losing power, (iii) able to be worn by the waiver individual, and (iv) automatically reset by the response center after each activation, thereby ensuring that subsequent signals can be transmitted without requiring manual resetting by the waiver individual.

(4) All PERS equipment shall be approved by the Federal Communications Commission and meet the Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. (UL) safety standard.

(5) Medication monitoring units shall be physician ordered. In order to be approved to receive the medication monitoring service, a waiver individual shall also receive PERS services. Physician orders shall be maintained in the waiver individual's record. In cases where the medical monitoring unit must be filled by the provider, the person who is filling the unit shall be either an RN or an LPN. The units may be filled as frequently as a minimum of every 14 days. There must be documentation of this action in the waiver individual's record.

J. Transition services. Transition services, as defined at 12VAC30-120-2010, provide for individuals to move from institutional placements or licensed or certified provider-operated living arrangements to private homes or other qualified settings. The individual's transition from an institution to the community shall be coordinated by the facility's discharge planning team. The discharge planner shall ensure that CCC Plus Waiver eligibility criteria shall be met.

1. Transition services shall be authorized by DMAS or its designated agent in order for reimbursement to occur.

2. To qualify for the service, the waiver individual shall be discharged after 90 consecutive days of residence from an institution, intermediate care facility for individuals with intellectual disabilities, institution for mental disease, or psychiatric residential treatment facility.

3. Transition services shall be provided in conjunction with personal care (agency-directed or consumer-directed), respite care (agency-directed or consumer-directed), private duty nursing, or adult day health care services.

4. Transition services may be provided by DMAS enrolled area agencies on aging, centers for independent living, and local departments of social services.

K. Assistive technology (AT).

1. Assistive technology (AT) shall be portable and shall be authorized per calendar year. AT services are the specialized medical equipment and supplies, including those devices, controls, or appliances, specified in the individual's plan of care, but that are not available under the State Plan for Medical Assistance, that enable a waiver individual to increase the individual's ability to perform ADLs or IADLs or to perceive, control, or communicate with the environment in which the individual lives.

2. In order to qualify for these services, the individual shall have a demonstrated need for specialized medical equipment and supplies for remedial or direct medical benefit primarily in an individual's primary home, primary vehicle used by the individual, community activity setting, or day program to specifically serve to improve the individual's personal functioning. This shall encompass those items not otherwise covered under the State Plan for Medical Assistance. AT shall be covered in the least expensive manner.

3. AT services shall be available for a waiver individual who has a demonstrated need for equipment for remedial or direct medical benefit. This service includes ancillary supplies and equipment necessary for the proper functioning of such items.

4. Service units and service limitations.

a. The cost for AT shall not be carried over from one calendar year to the next. Each item must be service authorized by either DMAS or the DMAS-designated service authorization contractor for each calendar year.

b. The maximum funded expenditure per individual for all AT covered procedure codes (combined total of AT items and labor related to these items) shall be $5,000 per calendar year for an individual regardless of waiver, or regardless of whether the individual changes waiver programs, for which AT is approved. The service unit shall always be one, for the total cost of all AT being requested for a specific timeframe.

c. AT may be provided in the individual's home or community setting.

d. AT shall not be approved for purposes of convenience of the caregiver or provider or restraint of the individual, recreation or leisure, educational purposes, or diversion activities.

e. AT shall be carried out in the least expensive manner possible to achieve the goal required for the individual's health, safety, and welfare. AT shall be reimbursed in a manner that is reasonable and customary not to exceed the provider's usual and customary charges to the general public.

f. An independent, professional consultation shall be obtained from a qualified professional who is knowledgeable of that item for each AT request prior to approval by the service authorization contractor or managed care organization and may include training on such AT by the qualified professional. The consultation shall not be performed by the provider of AT to the individual.

g. All AT shall be authorized by DMAS, the designated service authorization contractor, or managed care organization prior to billing or providing services to the individual.

h. Items that are reasonable accommodation requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Virginians with Disabilities Act (§ 51.5-1 et seq. of the Code of Virginia), or the Rehabilitation Act (20 USC § 794) or are required to be provided through other funding sources shall be excluded from Medicaid coverage. DMAS shall not duplicate services that are required as a reasonable accommodation as a part of the Americans with Disabilities Act (42 USC §§ 12131 through 12165), Virginians with Disabilities Act (§ 51.5-1 et seq. of the Code of Virginia), or the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 USC § 794).

i. AT services or equipment shall not be rented but shall be purchased.

j. Shipping, freight, or delivery charges shall not be billable to DMAS or the waiver individual, as such charges are considered noncovered items.

(1) All products shall be delivered, demonstrated, and installed and in working order prior to submitting any claim for them to Medicaid.

(2) The date of service on the claim shall be within the service authorization approval dates, which may be prior to the delivery date as long as the initiation of services commenced during the approved dates.

(3) The service authorization shall not be modified to accommodate delays in product deliveries. In such situations, the provider must seek a new service authorization.

(4) When two or more waiver individuals live in the same home or congregate living arrangement, the AT shall be shared to the extent practicable consistent with the type of AT and the needs of the individuals as documented in their POCs. There shall be no duplication of AT in the same house when such product can be used for a communal purpose.

k. Assistive technology shall not be available to individuals younger than 21 years of age through the CCC Plus Waiver. Assistive technology for individuals younger than 21 shall be accessed through the EPSDT benefit.

l. AT exclusions.

(1) Medicaid shall not reimburse for any AT devices or services that may have been rendered prior to authorization from DMAS or the designated service authorization contractor.

(2) Providers that supply AT for the waiver individual may not perform assessments, consultations, or write specifications for that individual. Any request for a change in cost (either an increase or a decrease) requires justification and supporting documentation of medical need and service authorization by DMAS or the designated service authorization contractor. The vendor shall receive a copy of the professional evaluation in order to purchase the items recommended by the professional. If a change is necessary, the vendor shall notify the assessor to ensure the changed items meet the individual's needs.

(3) All equipment or supplies already covered by a service provided for in the State Plan shall not be purchased under the waiver as AT. Such examples include:

(a) Specialized medical equipment, durable or nondurable medical equipment, ancillary equipment, and supplies necessary for life support;

(b) Adaptive devices, appliances, and controls that enable an individual to be more independent in areas of personal care and ADLs or IADLs; and

(c) Equipment and devices that enable an individual to communicate more effectively.

L. Environmental modifications (EM).

1. Environmental modifications (EM) shall consist of adaptations documented in the waiver individual's POC and may include the installation of nonportable ramps and grab-bars, widening of doorways, modification of bathroom facilities, or installation of specialized electrical and plumbing systems that are necessary to accommodate the medical equipment and supplies that are necessary for the health, safety, and welfare of the waiver individual. Excluded are those adaptations or improvements to the home that are of general utility and are not of direct medical or remedial benefit to the individual, such as carpeting, flooring, roof repairs, central air conditioning, or decks. Adaptations that add to the total square footage of the home shall be excluded from this benefit, except when necessary to complete an authorized adaptation, as determined by DMAS or its designated agent. All services shall be provided in the individual's primary home in accordance with applicable state or local building codes. All modifications shall be prior authorized by the service authorization contractor or managed care organization. Modifications may only be made to a vehicle if it is the primary vehicle being used by the waiver individual. This service does not include the purchase or lease of vehicles. This service shall not include general repairs to a residence or vehicle.

2. In order to qualify for these services, the waiver individual shall have a demonstrated need for modifications of a remedial or direct medical benefit offered in the individual's primary home or primary vehicle to ensure the individual's health, welfare, or safety or specifically to improve the individual's personal functioning. Modifications may include a generator for a waiver individual who is dependent on mechanical ventilation for 24 hours a day and when the generator is used to support the medical equipment and supplies necessary for the individual's welfare. This service shall encompass those items not otherwise covered in the State Plan for Medical Assistance or through another program. EM shall be covered in the least expensive manner.

3. Service units and service limitations.

a. The maximum funded expenditure per individual for all EM covered procedure codes (combined total of EM items and labor related to these items) shall be $5,000 per calendar year for an individual regardless of waiver, or regardless of whether the individual changes waiver programs, for which EM is approved. Unexpended portions of this maximum amount shall not be accumulated across one or more years to be expended in a later year. The service unit shall always be one, for the total cost of all EM being requested for a specific timeframe.

b. All EM shall be authorized by DMAS or the DMAS-designated service authorization contractor prior to billing or providing services to the individual.

c. Modifications shall not be used to bring a substandard dwelling up to minimum habitation standards.

d. EM shall not be approved for purposes of convenience of the caregiver or provider or restraint of the waiver individual.

e. Only the actual cost of material and labor is reimbursed. There shall be no additional markup.

f. EM shall be carried out in the least expensive manner possible to achieve the goal required for the individual's health, safety, and welfare.

g. All services shall be provided in the individual's primary residence in accordance with applicable state or local building codes and appropriate permits or building inspections, which shall be provided to DMAS or the DMAS contractor.

h. Proposed modifications that are to be made to rental properties shall have prior written approval of the property's owner. Modifications to rental properties shall only be valid if it is an independently operated rental facility with no direct or indirect ties to any other Medicaid service provider.

i. Modifications may be made to a vehicle if it is the primary vehicle used by the individual. This service shall not include the purchase of, lease of, or the general repair of vehicles. Repairs of modifications that have been reimbursed by DMAS shall be covered.

j. The EM provider shall ensure that all work and products are delivered, installed, and in good working order prior to seeking reimbursement from DMAS. The date of service on this provider's claim shall be within the service authorization approval dates, which may be prior to the completion date as long as the work commenced during the approval dates. The service authorization shall not be modified to accommodate installation delays. All requests for cost changes (either increases or decreases) shall be submitted to DMAS or the DMAS-designated service authorization contractor for revision to the previously issued service authorization and shall include justification and supporting documentation of medical needs.

k. DMAS shall not duplicate services that are required as a reasonable accommodation as a part of the Americans with Disabilities Act (42 USC §§ 12131 through 12165), the Virginians with Disabilities Act (§ 51.5-1 et seq. of the Code of Virginia), or the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 USC § 794).

4. EM exclusions.

a. There shall be no duplication of previous EM services within the same residence such as multiple nonportable wheelchair ramps or previous modifications to the same room.

b. Adaptations or improvements to the primary home that shall be excluded are of general utility and are not of direct medical or remedial benefit to the waiver individual, such as, but not limited to, carpeting; flooring; roof repairs; central air conditioning or heating; general maintenance and repairs to a home; additions or maintenance of decks or fences; maintenance, replacement, or addition of sidewalks, driveways, or carports; or adaptations that only increase the total square footage of the home.

c. EM shall not be covered by Medicaid for general leisure or diversion items, items that are recreational in nature, items for educational purposes, or items that may be used as an outlet for adaptive or maladaptive behavioral issues. Such noncovered items may include swing sets, playhouses, climbing walls, trampolines, protective matting or ground cover, sporting equipment, hot tubs, or exercise equipment, such as special bicycles or tricycles.

d. EM shall not be covered by Medicaid if payment for such modifications can be made through the Fair Housing Act (42 USC § 3601 et seq.), the Virginia Fair Housing Law (§ 36-96.1 et seq. of the Code of Virginia) or the Americans with Disabilities Act (42 USC § 12101 et seq.).

e. EM shall not include the costs of removal or disposal, or any other costs, of previously installed modifications, whether paid for by DMAS or any other source.

f. Providers who supply EM to a waiver individual shall not perform assessments, consultations, or write EM specifications for such individuals .

g. EM shall not cover payment for modifications or items that can be made through other Medicaid services, such as durable medical equipment.

M. Private duty nursing. PDN for a single individual and individuals residing in the same home, as defined in 12VAC30-120-900, shall be provided for individuals who have serious medical conditions or complex health care needs. To receive this service, an individual must require specific skilled and continuous nursing care on a regularly scheduled or intermittent basis performed by an RN or an LPN. Once waiver eligibility has been determined by the LTSS screening team and a determination that the individual requires ongoing skilled nursing care has been made, then the PDN hours shall be authorized by DMAS or the DMAS-designated service authorization contractor.

1. PDN services shall be rendered according to a POC authorized by DMAS or the DMAS-designated service authorization contractor and shall have been certified by a physician as medically necessary to enable the individual to remain at home.

2. No reimbursement shall be provided by DMAS for either RN or LPN services without signed physician orders that specifically identify skilled nursing tasks to be performed for the individual.

3. Limits placed on the amount of PDN that will be approved for reimbursement shall be consistent with the individual's support needs and medical necessity but shall not exceed 112 hours per week. The maximum PDN hours authorized per week for individuals shall be based on their technology and documented medical necessity justification.

4. For individuals, whether living separately or in a congregate setting, PDN shall be reimbursed up to a maximum 112 hours per week (Sunday through Saturday) per waiver individual living in the household.

5. The individual shall be determined to need a medical device and ongoing skilled nursing care when such individual meets Category A or all eight criteria in Category B:

a. Category A. Individuals who depend on mechanical ventilators; or

b. Category B. Individuals who have a complex tracheostomy as defined by:

(1) Tracheostomy with the potential for weaning off of it, or documentation of attempts to wean, with subsequent inability to wean;

(2) Nebulizer treatments ordered at least four times a day or nebulizer treatments followed by chest physiotherapy provided by a nurse or respiratory therapist at least four times a day;

(3) Pulse oximetry monitoring at least every shift due to unstable oxygen saturation levels;

(4) Respiratory assessment and documentation every shift by a licensed respiratory therapist or nurse;

(5) Oxygen therapy with documented usage under a physician's order;

(6) Daily tracheostomy care;

(7) Tracheostomy suctioning under a physician's order; and

(8) At risk of requiring subsequent mechanical ventilation.

6. PDN shall not be available to individuals younger than 21 years of age as a waiver service. PDN for individuals younger than 21 shall be accessed through the EPSDT benefit.

7. PDN services may include consultation and training for the primary caregiver.

8. The provider shall be responsible for notifying the LDSS, the service authorization contractor, and the managed care organization should the primary residence of the individual be changed, should the individual be hospitalized, should the individual die, or should the individual be absent from the Commonwealth for 48 hours or more.

9. Exclusions from DMAS coverage of PDN:

a. PDN hours shall not be reimbursed while the individual is receiving emergency care or during emergency transport of the individual to emergency care facilities. The RN or LPN shall not transport the waiver individual to emergency care facilities.

b. PDN services may be ordered but shall not be provided simultaneously with skilled respite care or personal care services. These services may be provided sequentially or alternately from each other.

c. Providers shall not bill prior to receiving the physician's dated signature on the individual's POC for services provided and DMAS or DMAS-designated service authorization contractor's authorization or determination of PDN hours.

d. Time spent transporting the waiver individual shall not be reimbursed by DMAS.

e. DMAS shall not reimburse for PDN services through the CCC Plus Waiver and PDN services through the EPSDT benefit at the same time.

10. Congregate PDN.

a. If more than one waiver individual resides in the home, the same waiver provider shall be chosen to provide all PDN services for all waiver individuals in the home.

b. Only one nurse shall be authorized to care for no more than two waiver individuals in such arrangements. In instances when three waiver individuals share a home, nursing ratios shall be determined by DMAS or its designated agent based on the needs of all the individuals who are living together. These congregate PDN hours shall be at the same scheduled shifts.

c. The unpaid primary caregiver shall be shared and shall be responsible for providing all care needs when a private duty nurse is not available.