Chapter 170. Regulations Governing the Practice of Genetic Counselors
Part I
General Provisions
18VAC85-170-10. Definitions.
A. The following words and terms when used in this chapter shall have the meanings ascribed to them in § 54.1-2900 of the Code of Virginia:
"Board"
"Genetic counselor"
"Practice of genetic counseling"
B. The following words and terms when used in this chapter shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
"ABGC" means the American Board of Genetic Counseling.
"ABMG" means the American Board of Medical Genetics.
"Active practice" means a minimum of 160 hours of professional practice as a genetic counselor within the 24-month period immediately preceding application for reinstatement or reactivation of licensure. The active practice of genetic counseling may include supervisory, administrative, educational, or consultative activities or responsibilities for the delivery of such services.
"Conscience clause" means the provision of § 54.1-2957.21 of the Code of Virginia.
"NSGC" means the National Society of Genetic Counselors.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
18VAC85-170-20. Public participation.
A separate board regulation, Public Participation Guidelines (18VAC85-11), provides for involvement of the public in the development of all regulations of the Virginia Board of Medicine.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
18VAC85-170-30. Current name and address.
Each licensee shall furnish the board his current name and address of record. All notices required by law or by this chapter to be given by the board to any such licensee shall be validly given when sent to the latest address of record provided or served to the licensee. Any change of name or change in the address of record or public address, if different from the address of record, shall be furnished to the board within 30 days of such change.
Statutory Authority
§ 54.1-2400 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017; amended, Virginia Register Volume 35, Issue 12, eff. March 22, 2019.
18VAC85-170-40. Fees.
The following fees are required:
1. The application fee for licensure, payable at the time the application is filed, shall be $130.
2. The application fee for a temporary license, payable at the time the application is filed, shall be $50.
3. The biennial fee for renewal of active licensure shall be $135 and for renewal of inactive licensure shall be $70, payable in each odd-numbered year in the license holder's birth month. For 2021, the renewal fee for an active license shall be $108, and the renewal fee for an inactive license shall be $54.
4. The additional fee for late renewal of licensure within one renewal cycle shall be $50.
5. The fee for reinstatement of a license that has lapsed for a period of two years or more shall be $180 and shall be submitted with an application for licensure reinstatement.
6. The fee for reinstatement of a license pursuant to § 54.1-2408.2 of the Code of Virginia shall be $2,000.
7. The fee for a duplicate license shall be $5.00, and the fee for a duplicate wall certificate shall be $15.
8. The handling fee for a returned check or a dishonored credit card or debit card shall be $50.
9. The fee for a letter of good standing or letter of verification to another jurisdiction shall be $10.
Statutory Authority
§ 54.1-2400 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017; amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 7, eff. December 27, 2017; Volume 36, Issue 1, eff. October 2, 2019; Volume 36, Issue 11, eff. March 5, 2020.
Part II
Requirements for Licensure As a Genetic Counselor
18VAC85-170-50. Application requirements.
An applicant for licensure shall submit the following on forms provided by the board:
1. A completed application and a fee as prescribed in 18VAC85-170-40.
2. Verification of a professional credential in genetic counseling as required in 18VAC85-170-60.
3. Verification of practice as required on the application form.
4. If licensed or certified in any other jurisdiction, documentation of any disciplinary action taken or pending in that jurisdiction.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
18VAC85-170-60. Licensure requirements.
A. An applicant for a license to practice as a genetic counselor shall provide documentation of (i) a master's degree from a genetic counseling training program that is accredited by the Accreditation Council of Genetic Counseling and (ii) a current, valid certificate issued by the ABGC or ABMG to practice genetic counseling.
B. Pursuant to § 54.1-2957.19 D of the Code of Virginia, applicants for licensure who do not meet the requirements of subsection A of this section may be issued a license provided they (i) apply for licensure before December 31, 2018; (ii) comply with the board's regulations relating to the NSGC Code of Ethics; (iii) have at least 20 years of documented work experience practicing genetic counseling; (iv) submit two letters of recommendation, one from a genetic counselor and another from a physician; and (v) have completed, within the last five years, 25 hours of continuing education approved by the NSGC or the ABGC. For the purpose of this subsection, the board deems the provisions of Part IV (18VAC85-170-110 et seq.) of this chapter to be consistent with the NSGC Code of Ethics.
C. An applicant for a temporary license shall provide documentation of having been granted the active candidate status by the ABGC. Such license shall expire 12 months from issuance or upon failure of the ABGC certification examination, whichever comes first.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.18 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017; amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. October 4, 2017; Volume 35, Issue 9, eff. February 10, 2019.
Part III
Renewal and Reinstatement
18VAC85-170-70. Renewal of license.
A. Every licensed genetic counselor who intends to maintain an active license shall biennially renew his license each odd-numbered year during his birth month and shall:
1. Submit the prescribed renewal fee; and
2. Attest to having met the continuing education requirements of 18VAC85-170-100.
B. The license of a genetic counselor that has not been renewed by the first day of the month following the month in which renewal is required is lapsed. Practice with a lapsed license may be grounds for disciplinary action. A license that is lapsed for two years or less may be renewed by payment of the renewal fee, a late fee as prescribed in 18VAC85-170-40, and attestation of compliance with continuing education requirements.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
18VAC85-170-80. Inactive license.
A licensed genetic counselor who holds a current, unrestricted license in Virginia shall, upon a request at the time of renewal and submission of the required fee, be issued an inactive license. The holder of an inactive license shall not be entitled to perform any act requiring a license to practice genetic counseling in Virginia.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
18VAC85-170-90. Reactivation or reinstatement.
A. To reactivate an inactive license or to reinstate a license that has been lapsed for more than two years, a genetic counselor shall submit evidence of competency to return to active practice to include one of the following:
1. Information on continued active practice in another jurisdiction during the period in which the license has been inactive or lapsed;
2. Attestation of meeting requirements for continuing education as specified in 18VAC85-170-100 for each biennium in which the license has been inactive or lapsed, not to exceed four years; or
3. Current certification by ABGC or ABMG.
B. To reactivate an inactive license, a genetic counselor shall pay a fee equal to the difference between the current renewal fee for inactive licensure and the renewal fee for active licensure.
C. To reinstate a license that has been lapsed for more than two years a genetic counselor shall file an application for reinstatement and pay the fee for reinstatement of his licensure as prescribed in 18VAC85-170-40. The board may specify additional requirements for reinstatement of a license so lapsed to include education, experience, or reexamination.
D. A genetic counselor whose licensure has been revoked by the board and who wishes to be reinstated shall make a new application to the board, fulfill additional requirements as specified in the order from the board, and make payment of the fee for reinstatement of his licensure as prescribed in 18VAC85-170-40 pursuant to § 54.1-2408.2 of the Code of Virginia.
E. The board reserves the right to deny a request for reactivation or reinstatement to any licensee who has been determined to have committed an act in violation of § 54.1-2915 of the Code of Virginia or any provisions of this chapter.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
18VAC85-170-100. Continuing education requirements.
A. In order to renew an active license biennially, a licensee shall complete the Continued Competency Activity and Assessment Form that is provided by the board indicating completion of at least 50 contact hours of continuing learning activities as follows:
1. A minimum of 30 of the 50 hours shall be in Category 1 activities approved by the ABGC, the ABMG, or the NSGC and may include in-service training, self-study courses, continuing education courses, or professional workshops.
2. No more than 20 of the 50 hours may be Category 2 activities or professional activity credits, which may include consultation with another counselor or a physician, independent reading or research, authorship, clinical supervision, volunteer leadership in the profession, preparation for a presentation, or other such experiences that promote continued learning.
B. A licensee shall be exempt from the continuing education requirements for the first biennial renewal following the date of initial licensure in Virginia.
C. The licensee shall retain in his records the completed form with all supporting documentation for a period of four years following the renewal of an active license.
D. The board shall periodically conduct a random audit of its active licensees to determine compliance. The licensees selected for the audit shall provide all supporting documentation within 30 days of receiving notification of the audit.
E. Failure to comply with these requirements may subject the licensee to disciplinary action by the board.
F. The board may grant an extension of the deadline for continuing competency requirements, for up to one year, for good cause shown upon a written request from the licensee prior to the renewal date.
G. The board may grant an exemption for all or part of the requirements for circumstances beyond the control of the licensee, such as temporary disability, mandatory military service, or officially declared disasters.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
Part IV
Scope of Practice
18VAC85-170-110. General responsibility.
A genetic counselor shall engage in the practice of genetic counseling, as defined in § 54.1-2900 of the Code of Virginia. The practice of genetic counseling may include supervisory, administrative, educational, or consultative activities or responsibilities for the delivery of such services.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
18VAC85-170-120. Supervisory responsibilities.
A. A genetic counselor shall be responsible for supervision of unlicensed personnel who work under his direction and ultimately responsible and accountable for patient care and outcomes under his clinical supervision.
B. Delegation to unlicensed personnel shall:
1. Not include delegation of the discretionary aspects of the initial assessment, evaluation, or development of recommendations for a patient, or any task requiring a clinical decision or the knowledge, skills, and judgment of a licensed genetic counselor;
2. Only be made if, in the judgment of the genetic counselor, the task or procedures do not require the exercise of professional judgment and can be properly and safely performed by appropriately trained unlicensed personnel, and the delegation does not jeopardize the health or safety of the patient; and
3. Be communicated on a patient-specific basis with clear, specific instructions for performance of activities, potential complications, and expected results.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
18VAC85-170-125. Responsibilities of a temporary licensee.
A. A person holding a temporary license as a genetic counselor shall practice under the clinical supervision of a genetic counselor or a physician licensed in the Commonwealth.
B. Clinical supervision shall require that:
1. The supervisor and temporary licensee routinely meet to review and evaluate patient care and treatment; and
2. The supervisor reviews notes on patient care entered by the temporary licensee prior to reporting study results and making recommendations to a patient. Such review shall be documented by some method in a patient record.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
Part V
Standards of Professional Conduct
18VAC85-170-130. Confidentiality.
A practitioner shall not willfully or negligently breach the confidentiality between a practitioner and a patient. A breach of confidentiality that is required or permitted by applicable law or beyond the control of the practitioner shall not be considered negligent or willful.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
18VAC85-170-140. Patient records.
A. Practitioners shall comply with the provisions of § 32.1-127.1:03 of the Code of Virginia related to the confidentiality and disclosure of patient records.
B. Practitioners shall provide patient records to another practitioner or to the patient or his personal representative in a timely manner in accordance with provisions of § 32.1-127.1:03 of the Code of Virginia.
C. Practitioners shall properly manage and keep timely, accurate, legible, and complete patient records.
D. Practitioners who are employed by a health care institution or other entity in which the individual practitioner does not own or maintain his own records shall maintain patient records in accordance with the policies and procedures of the employing entity.
E. Practitioners who are self-employed or employed by an entity in which the individual practitioner owns and is responsible for patient records shall:
1. Maintain a patient record for a minimum of six years following the last patient encounter with the following exceptions:
a. Records of a minor child shall be maintained until the child reaches the age of 18 years or becomes emancipated, with a minimum time for record retention of six years from the last patient encounter regardless of the age of the child;
b. Records that have previously been transferred to another practitioner or health care provider or provided to the patient or his personal representative; or
c. Records that are required by contractual obligation or federal law may need to be maintained for a longer period of time.
2. Post information or in some manner inform all patients concerning the timeframe for record retention and destruction. Patient records shall only be destroyed in a manner that protects patient confidentiality, such as by incineration or shredding.
3. When closing, selling, or relocating his practice, meet the requirements of § 54.1-2405 of the Code of Virginia for giving notice that copies of records can be sent to any like-regulated provider of the patient's choice or provided to the patient.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
18VAC85-170-150. Practitioner-patient communication; termination of relationship.
A. Communication with patients.
1. Except as provided in § 32.1-127.1:03 F of the Code of Virginia, a practitioner shall accurately present information to a patient or his legally authorized representative in understandable terms and encourage participation in decisions regarding the patient's care.
2. A practitioner shall not deliberately withhold pertinent findings or information or make a false or misleading statement regarding the practitioner's skill or the efficacy or value of a medication, treatment, or procedure provided or directed by the practitioner in the treatment of any disease or condition.
3. When a genetic procedure is recommended, informed consent shall be obtained from the patient in accordance with the policies of the health care entity. Practitioners shall inform patients of the risks, benefits, and alternatives of the recommended procedure that a reasonably prudent practitioner practicing genetic counseling in Virginia would tell a patient.
a. In the instance of a minor or a patient who is incapable of making an informed decision on his own behalf or is incapable of communicating such a decision due to a physical or mental disorder, the legally authorized person available to give consent shall be informed and the consent documented.
b. An exception to the requirement for consent prior to performance of a genetic procedure may be made in an emergency situation when a delay in obtaining consent would likely result in imminent harm to the patient.
c. For the purposes of this provision, "genetic procedure" means any diagnostic or therapeutic procedure performed on a patient that is not part of routine, general care and for which the usual practice within the health care entity is to document specific informed consent from the patient or surrogate decisionmaker prior to proceeding.
4. Practitioners shall adhere to requirements of § 32.1-162.18 of the Code of Virginia for obtaining informed consent from patients prior to involving them as subjects in human research with the exception of retrospective chart reviews.
B. Termination of the practitioner-patient relationship.
1. The practitioner or the patient may terminate the relationship. In either case, the practitioner shall make the patient record available, except in situations where denial of access is allowed by law.
2. A practitioner shall not terminate the relationship or make his services unavailable without documented notice to the patient that allows for a reasonable time to obtain the services of another practitioner.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.18 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017; amended, Virginia Register Volume 37, Issue 25, eff. September 1, 2021.
18VAC85-170-160. Practitioner responsibility.
A. A practitioner shall not:
1. Perform procedures or techniques that are outside the scope of his practice or for which he is not trained and individually competent;
2. Knowingly allow subordinates to jeopardize patient safety or provide patient care outside of the subordinate's scope of practice or area of responsibility. Practitioners shall delegate patient care only to subordinates who are properly trained and supervised;
3. Engage in an egregious pattern of disruptive behavior or interaction in a health care setting that interferes with patient care or could reasonably be expected to adversely impact the quality of care rendered to a patient; or
4. Exploit the practitioner-patient relationship for personal gain.
B. Advocating for patient safety or improvement in patient care within a health care entity shall not constitute disruptive behavior provided the practitioner does not engage in behavior prohibited in subdivision A 3 of this section.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
18VAC85-170-170. Solicitation or remuneration in exchange for referral.
A practitioner shall not knowingly and willfully solicit or receive any remuneration, directly or indirectly, in return for referring an individual to a facility as defined in § 37.2-100 of the Code of Virginia or hospital as defined in § 32.1-123 of the Code of Virginia.
"Remuneration" means compensation, received in cash or in kind, but shall not include any payments, business arrangements, or payment practices allowed by 42 USC § 1320a-7b(b), as amended, or any regulations promulgated thereto.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
18VAC85-170-180. Sexual contact.
A. For purposes of § 54.1-2915 A 12 and A 19 of the Code of Virginia and this section, sexual contact includes sexual behavior or verbal or physical behavior that:
1. May reasonably be interpreted as intended for the sexual arousal or gratification of the practitioner, the patient, or both; or
2. May reasonably be interpreted as romantic involvement with a patient regardless of whether such involvement occurs in the professional setting or outside of it.
B. Sexual contact with a patient.
1. The determination of when a person is a patient for purposes of § 54.1-2915 A 19 of the Code of Virginia is made on a case-by-case basis with consideration given to the nature, extent, and context of the professional relationship between the practitioner and the person. The fact that a person is not actively receiving treatment or professional services from a practitioner is not determinative of this issue. A person is presumed to remain a patient until the practitioner-patient relationship is terminated.
2. The consent to, initiation of, or participation in sexual behavior or involvement with a practitioner by a patient neither changes the nature of the conduct nor negates the statutory prohibition.
C. Sexual contact between a practitioner and a former patient after termination of the practitioner-patient relationship may still constitute unprofessional conduct if the sexual contact is a result of the exploitation of trust, knowledge, or influence of emotions derived from the professional relationship.
D. Sexual contact between a practitioner and a key third party shall constitute unprofessional conduct if the sexual contact is a result of the exploitation of trust, knowledge, or influence derived from the professional relationship or if the contact has had or is likely to have an adverse effect on patient care. For purposes of this section, key third party of a patient means spouse or partner, parent or child, guardian, or legal representative of the patient.
E. Sexual contact between a supervisor and a trainee shall constitute unprofessional conduct if the sexual contact is a result of the exploitation of trust, knowledge, or influence derived from the professional relationship or if the contact has had or is likely to have an adverse effect on patient care.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
18VAC85-170-190. Refusal to provide information.
A practitioner shall not willfully refuse to provide information or records as requested or required by the board or its representative pursuant to an investigation or to the enforcement of a statute or regulation.
Statutory Authority
§§ 54.1-2400 and 54.1-2957.19 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 33, Issue 19, eff. June 14, 2017.
Forms (18VAC85-170)
Instructions for Completing an Application to Practice Genetic Counseling in Virginia (rev. 12/2017)
Continued Competency Activity and Assessment Form (eff. 6/2017)
Genetic Counselor Reinstatement Instructions and Application (eff. 2/2023)