Chapter 1270. Pertaining to Atlantic Menhaden
4VAC20-1270-10. Purpose.
The purpose of this chapter is to establish management measures for a sustainable Atlantic menhaden fishery and to provide fair and equitable allocation to the sectors.
Statutory Authority
§ 28.2-201 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 29, Issue 17, eff. April 1, 2013; amended, Virginia Register Volume 31, Issue 23, eff. July 1, 2015; Volume 36, Issue 19, eff. May 1, 2020.
4VAC20-1270-20. Definitions.
The following words and terms when used in this chapter shall have the following meanings unless the context indicates otherwise:
"Atlantic menhaden" or "menhaden" means any fish of the species Brevoortia tyrannus.
"Bay Cap" means the annual total allowable commercial landings by volume (pounds or metric tons) from the Chesapeake Bay by the purse seine menhaden reduction sector.
"Chesapeake Bay" means the territorial waters of Virginia lying west of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel.
"Non-purse seine menhaden bait sector" means those vessels that do not utilize a purse seine net to harvest menhaden and land menhaden only for use as bait in other fisheries.
"Purse seine menhaden bait sector" means those vessels that utilize a purse seine net to land menhaden only for use as bait in other fisheries.
"Purse seine menhaden reduction sector" means those vessels that utilize a purse seine net to land menhaden only at a qualified menhaden processing factory.
"Qualified menhaden processing factory" means a facility located in Virginia that has processed at least 100,000 metric tons of menhaden in each of the years 2009, 2010, and 2011.
"Stationary multi-species gear" means pound nets, anchored or staked gill nets, fishing weirs, floating fish traps, and fyke nets.
Statutory Authority
§ 28.2-201 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 29, Issue 17, eff. April 1, 2013; amended, Virginia Register Volume 36, Issue 19, eff. May 1, 2020.
4VAC20-1270-30. Total allowable landings for menhaden; allocation, accountability, overages, restrictions, closures, state-to-state transfers, and transfers between sectors.
A. Total allowable commercial landings for menhaden shall be equivalent to 75.21% of the annual total allowable catch (TAC) set by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) after 1.0% of the TAC is set aside by the ASMFC for episodic events.
B. Any portion of the 1.0% of the coastwide TAC set aside by the ASMFC for episodic events that is unused as of September 1 of any calendar year shall be returned to Virginia and other states according to allocation guidelines established by the ASMFC. Any such return of this portion of the coastwide TAC to Virginia shall increase the total allowable commercial landings for that year.
C. Total amount of allowable commercial landings in subsection A of this section shall be allocated as quotas among three sectors of the menhaden fishery in proportion to each sector's share of average landings from 2002 through 2011, as described in subdivisions 1, 2, and 3 of this subsection.
1. The purse seine menhaden reduction sector shall be allocated a quota of 90.04% of allowable commercial menhaden landings.
2. The purse seine menhaden bait sector shall be allocated a quota of 8.38% of allowable commercial menhaden landings.
3. The non-purse seine menhaden bait sector shall be allocated a quota of 1.58% of allowable commercial menhaden landings.
D. If the total allowable commercial landings specified in subsection A of this section are exceeded in any calendar year, the total allowable commercial landings for the subsequent calendar year shall be reduced by the amount of the overage. Such overage shall be deducted from the sector of the menhaden fishery that exceeded the allocation specified in subsection C of this section, with the exception of the non-purse seine menhaden bait sector, which shall move into the incidental catch provision outlined in subdivision F 3 of this section.
E. It shall be unlawful for any person to take or catch menhaden using a purse seine net except in accordance with the seasons, areas, and gear restrictions as set forth in §§ 28.2-409 and 28.2-410 of the Code of Virginia.
F. It shall be unlawful to harvest or land in Virginia any menhaden after the Commissioner of the Marine Resources Commission (commissioner) projects and announces that 100% of the total allowable landings for any sector has been taken. The commissioner may reopen a fishery sector if, after all reports as described in 4VAC20-1270-60 have been received, the portion of the total allowable landings has not been harvested by that sector.
1. The commissioner shall announce the date of closure when the total allowable landings for the purse seine menhaden reduction sector is projected to be taken.
2. The commissioner shall announce the date of closure when the total allowable landings for the purse seine menhaden bait sector is projected to be taken.
3. The commissioner shall announce the date of closure when the total allowable commercial landings for the non-purse seine menhaden bait sector is projected to be taken. Once this closure is announced, any person licensed in the non-purse seine menhaden bait sector may possess and land up to 6,000 pounds of menhaden per calendar day as bycatch. Any two persons licensed in the non-purse seine menhaden bait sector may possess and land up to 12,000 pounds of menhaden bycatch when working together from the same vessel using stationary multi-species gear per the ASMFC incidental catch provision.
G. The commissioner may request a transfer of menhaden quota from any other state that is a member of the ASMFC. If Virginia receives a transfer of menhaden quota in any calendar year from another state, the total allowable commercial landings for that calendar year shall increase by the amount of transferred quota. It shall be unlawful for this quota transfer to be applied to the Bay Cap quota as described in 4VAC20-1270-35. The commissioner may transfer menhaden quota to another state only if there is unused menhaden quota at the end of the calendar year.
H. The Marine Resources Commission shall establish a reciprocal temporary transferable quota system between the purse seine menhaden reduction sector and the purse seine menhaden bait sector. Any transfer of menhaden quota between these sectors shall be limited by the following conditions:
1. A transfer of quota to the purse seine menhaden bait sector from the purse seine reduction sector shall be allocated to each qualified licensee's percentage share of the purse seine menhaden bait sector quota.
2. No transfer of quota to the purse seine menhaden bait sector shall be authorized by the Marine Resources Commission unless all qualified individuals of the purse seine menhaden bait sector and the purse seine menhaden reduction sector agree to the transfer and document the transfer on a form provided by the Marine Resources Commission, notarized by a lawful notary public, and approved by the commissioner.
3. No transfer of quota to the purse seine reduction sector shall be authorized by the Marine Resources Commission unless at least one qualified individual of the purse seine menhaden bait sector and the purse seine menhaden reduction sector agree to the transfer and document the transfer on a form provided by the Marine Resources Commission, notarized by a lawful notary public, and approved by the commissioner.
4. No transfer shall be authorized by the Marine Resources Commission unless the transferring qualified individuals of the purse seine menhaden bait sector and the purse seine menhaden reduction sector have submitted up-to-date records of all commercial landings of menhaden to the Marine Resources Commission prior to such transfer.
5. Quota transfers between the purse seine menhaden reduction sector and purse seine menhaden bait sector shall be effective only during the calendar year in which the transfer is approved.
Statutory Authority
§ 28.2-201 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 29, Issue 17, eff. April 1, 2013; amended, Virginia Register Volume 31, Issue 10, eff. January 1, 2015; Volume 31, Issue 23, eff. July 1, 2015; Volume 33, Issue 26, eff. August 1, 2017; Volume 36, Issue 19, eff. May 1, 2020; Volume 37, Issue 10, eff. January 1, 2021; Volume 38, Issue 15, eff. March 1, 2022; Volume 38, Issue 24, eff. July 1, 2022; Volume 39, Issue 10, eff. December 31, 2022; Volume 39, Issue 15, eff. March 3, 2023.
4VAC20-1270-35. Chesapeake Bay purse seine menhaden reduction fishery.
A. The annual total allowable Bay Cap landings from the Chesapeake Bay by the purse seine menhaden reduction sector shall not exceed 51,000 metric tons (112,435,754 pounds) and shall be subject to annual adjustment for any overages as specified in subdivision 3 of this subsection.
1. It shall be unlawful for any transfers of quota from other states to be applied to the Bay Cap to reduce any overages.
2. It shall be unlawful for any amount of unlanded menhaden quota under the Bay Cap each calendar year to be rolled over or applied as credit for any subsequent calendar years.
3. Any annual menhaden landings in excess of the current calendar year Bay Cap shall be deducted from only the subsequent calendar year Bay Cap.
B. When it is projected that the purse seine menhaden reduction sector has met the annual menhaden Bay Cap in the Chesapeake Bay, based on mandatory daily landings reports, the commissioner shall promptly notify the industry announcing the date of closure.
C. It shall be unlawful for any person to harvest menhaden by purse seine for reduction purposes from the Chesapeake Bay for the remainder of that calendar year after the commissioner has announced the date of closure.
Statutory Authority
§ 28.2-201 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 36, Issue 19, eff. May 1, 2020; amended, Virginia Register Volume 37, Issue 10, eff. January 1, 2021; Volume 38, Issue 15, eff. March 1, 2022.
4VAC20-1270-40. Purse seine menhaden bait sector; limited entry criteria; individual transferable quota system; and season.
A. To qualify for limited entry to the purse seine menhaden bait sector, the person or entity shall fulfill one of the following requirements:
1. Have held a purse seine license in 2011 and landed menhaden in Virginia in 2009, 2010, and 2011, while using purse seine gear to harvest menhaden in one of those three years;
2. Have provided the Marine Resources Commission (commission) receipts and landings reports or other requested reports as proof of landings and gear usage to demonstrate that the criteria described in subdivision 1 of this subsection have been met; or
3. Have received a valid transfer of purse seine menhaden bait sector quota pursuant to subsection C of this section.
B. The commission shall establish an individual transferable quota (ITQ) system for each purse seine menhaden bait licensee who meets the limited entry requirements in subsection A of this section. The quota for this sector will be allocated according to each qualified ITQ holder's individual percentage share of the 2023 purse seine menhaden bait sector quota.
C. Any person or entity with an individual percentage share of the purse seine menhaden bait sector quota, as provided in subsection B of this section, may transfer purse seine menhaden bait sector quota to any person or entity. The transfer of purse seine menhaden bait sector quota by permanent percentage shareholders may be temporarily, within the same year only, or permanently transferred and shall be documented on a form provided by the commission, notarized by a lawful notary public, and approved by the Commissioner of Marine Resources (commissioner) or the commissioner's designee. Temporary percentage shareholders are not eligible to transfer purse seine menhaden bait sector quota to another entity or person except back to the original permanent shareholder the quota was received from.
D. Any person or entity with an individual percentage share of the purse seine menhaden bait sector quota, temporary or permanent, shall purchase a current Purse Seine Menhaden Bait Sector License before harvesting any purse seine menhaden bait sector quota. Only a person or entity with an individual percentage share of purse seine menhaden bait sector quota may purchase a Purse Seine Menhaden Bait Sector License.
E. It shall be unlawful for any person or entity without an individual share of the purse seine menhaden bait sector quota and a current Purse Seine Menhaden Bait Sector License to harvest any menhaden by purse seine for bait. It shall be unlawful for any Purse Seine Menhaden Bait Sector Licensee to harvest any menhaden from the purse seine menhaden bait sector once that licensee no longer possesses any unused purse seine menhaden bait sector quota for that year.
F. The season for vessels with a gross weight of less than 70 tons that use purse seine nets to take or catch menhaden for purposes other than use as fish meal or oil shall be from the first Monday in March up to, but not including, the first Monday in May.
Statutory Authority
§ 28.2-201 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 29, Issue 17, eff. April 1, 2013; amended, Virginia Register Volume 36, Issue 19, eff. May 1, 2020; Volume 40, Issue 24, eff. June 30, 2024.
4VAC20-1270-50. Non-purse seine menhaden bait sector quota allocation.
The non-purse seine menhaden bait sector's quota allocation shall be in proportion to share for each gear type of average landings from 2002 through 2011 and are as follows:
1. Cast net: | 0.04%. |
2. Dredge: | 0.06%. |
3. Fyke net: | 0.04%. |
4. Gill net: | 30.31%. |
5. Pound net: | 67.98%. |
6. Haul seine: | 0.4%. |
7. Trawl: | 1.17%. |
Statutory Authority
§ 28.2-201 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 29, Issue 17, eff. April 1, 2013; amended, Virginia Register Volume 31, Issue 10, eff. January 1, 2015; Volume 31, Issue 19, eff. May 1, 2015; Volume 31, Issue 23, eff. July 1, 2015; Volume 33, Issue 26, eff. August 1, 2017; Volume 36, Issue 19, eff. May 1, 2020; Volume 37, Issue 10, eff. January 1, 2021; Volume 38, Issue 15, eff. March 1, 2022; Volume 39, Issue 15, eff. March 3, 2023.
4VAC20-1270-60. Reporting requirements by menhaden fishery sector.
A. Each licensee of any purse seine vessel who harvests menhaden shall complete a Captain's Daily Fishing Report on each non-weekend or non-holiday day that either purse seine sector is open for harvest. The Captain's Daily Fishing Report is produced by the National Marine Fisheries Service and provides preliminary estimates of harvest. Pursuant to § 28.2-204 of the Code of Virginia, those same licensees shall submit to the Marine Resources Commission (commission) the Captain's Daily Fishing Reports in addition to summarized weekly harvest reports that include vessel name and exact weight of menhaden landed, in pounds, by Wednesday of the following week.
1. Any menhaden landed by a limited entry purse seine menhaden bait licensee at a qualified menhaden processing factory, as indicated on the mandatory daily landings reports, shall be attributed to the purse seine menhaden reduction sector quota.
2. Once 97% of either purse seine sector's quota is projected and announced to have been taken, each licensee of that purse seine sector shall provide daily harvest totals to the commission's Interactive Voice Recording System.
B. The non-purse seine menhaden bait sector shall submit daily reports according to the schedule and reporting requirements established by 4VAC20-610.
Statutory Authority
§ 28.2-201 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 29, Issue 17, eff. April 1, 2013; amended, Virginia Register Volume 36, Issue 19, eff. May 1, 2020; Volume 40, Issue 24, eff. June 30, 2024.
4VAC20-1270-70. Penalty.
As set forth in § 28.2-903 of the Code of Virginia, any person violating any provision of this chapter shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor. A second and each subsequent violation of any provision of this chapter committed by the same person within 12 months of a prior violation is a Class 1 misdemeanor.
Statutory Authority
§ 28.2-201 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 29, Issue 17, eff. April 1, 2013.
Forms (4VAC20-1270)