21VAC5-80-200. Dishonest or unethical practices.

Part III. Investment Advisor, Federal Covered Advisor, and Investment Advisor Representative Regulations

21VAC5-80-146. Custody of client funds or securities by investment advisors.

A. For purposes of this section the following definitions shall apply:

"Control" means the power, directly or indirectly, to direct the management or policies of a person whether through ownership of securities, by contract, or otherwise. Control includes:

1. Each of the investment advisor's officers, partners, or directors exercising executive responsibility (or persons having similar status or functions) is presumed to control the investment advisor.

2. A person is presumed to control a corporation if the person:

a. Directly or indirectly has the right to vote 25% or more of a class of the corporation's voting securities; or

b. Has the power to sell or direct the sale of 25% or more of a class of the corporation's voting securities;

3. A person is presumed to control a partnership if the person has the right to receive upon dissolution, or has contributed, 25% or more of the capital of the partnership;

4. A person is presumed to control a limited liability company if the person:

a. Directly or indirectly has the right to vote 25% or more of a class of the interests of the limited liability company;

b. Has the right to receive upon dissolution, or has contributed, 25% or more of the capital of the limited liability company;

c. Is an elected manager of the limited liability company; or

5. A person is presumed to control a trust if the person is a trustee or managing agent of the trust.

"Custody" means holding directly or indirectly, client funds or securities, or having any authority to obtain possession of them or has the ability to appropriate them. The investment advisor has custody if a related person holds, directly or indirectly, client funds or securities, or has any authority to obtain possession of them, in connection with advisory services the investment advisor provides to clients.

1. Custody includes:

a. Possession of client funds or securities unless the investment advisor receives them inadvertently and returns them to the sender promptly but in any case within three business days of receiving them;

b. Any arrangement (including general power of attorney) under which the investment advisor is authorized or permitted to withdraw client funds or securities maintained with a custodian upon the investment advisor's instruction to the custodian; and

c. Any capacity (such as general partner of a limited partnership, managing member of a limited liability company or a comparable position for another type of pooled investment vehicle, or trustee of a trust) that gives the investment advisor or its supervised person legal ownership of or access to client funds or securities.

2. Receipt of checks drawn by clients and made payable to third parties will not meet the definition of custody if forwarded to the third party within three business days of receipt and the investment advisor maintains the records required under 21VAC5-80-160 A 23;

"Independent certified public accountant" means a certified public accountant that meets the standards of independence described in Rule 2-01(b) and (c) of Regulation S-X (17 CFR 210.2-01(b) and (c)).

"Independent party" means a person that:

1. Is engaged by the investment advisor to act as a gatekeeper for the payment of fees, expenses, and capital withdrawals from the pooled investment;

2. Does not control and is not controlled by and is not under common control with the investment advisor;

3. Does not have, and has not had within the past two years, a material business relationship with the investment advisor; and

4. Shall not negotiate or agree to have material business relations or commonly controlled relations with an investment advisor for a period of two years after serving as the person engaged in an independent party agreement.

"Independent representative" means a person who:

1. Acts as agent for an advisory client, including in the case of a pooled investment vehicle, for limited partners of a limited partnership, members of a limited liability company, or other beneficial owners of another type of pooled investment vehicle and by law or contract is obliged to act in the best interest of the advisory client or the limited partners, members, or other beneficial owners;

2. Does not control, is not controlled by, and is not under common control with investment advisor; and

3. Does not have, and has not had within the past two years, a material business relationship with the investment advisor.

"Qualified custodian" means:

1. A bank or savings association that has deposits insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act;

2. A broker-dealer registered in this jurisdiction and with the SEC holding the client assets in customer accounts;

3. A registered futures commission merchant registered under Section 4f(a) of the Commodity Exchange Act, holding the client assets in customer accounts, but only with respect to clients' funds and security futures, or other securities incidental to transactions in contracts for the purchase or sale of a commodity for future delivery and options thereon; and

4. A foreign financial institution that customarily holds financial assets for its customers, provided that the foreign financial institution keeps the advisory clients' assets in customer accounts segregated from its proprietary assets.

"Related person" means any person, directly or indirectly, controlling or controlled by the investment advisor, and any person that is under common control with the investment advisor.

B. Requirements: It is unlawful and deemed to be a fraudulent, deceptive, or manipulative act, practice, or course of business for an investment advisor, registered or required to be registered, to have custody of client funds or securities unless:

1. The investment advisor notifies the commission promptly in writing that the investment advisor has or may have custody. Such notification is required to be given on Form ADV.

2. A qualified custodian maintains those funds and securities:

a. In a separate account for each client under that client's name; or

b. In accounts that contain only the investment advisor's clients' funds and securities, under the investment advisor's name as agent or trustee for the clients, or, in the case of a pooled investment vehicle that the investment advisor manages, in the name of the pooled investment vehicle.

3. If an investment advisor opens an account with a qualified custodian on its client's behalf, under the client's name, under the name of the investment advisor as agent, or under the name of a pooled investment vehicle, the investment advisor must notify the client in writing of the qualified custodian's name, address, and the manner in which the funds or securities are maintained, promptly when the account is opened and following any changes to this information. If the investment advisor sends account statements to a client to which the investment advisor is required to provide this notice, and the investment advisor must include in the notification provided to that client and in any subsequent account statement the investment advisor sends that client a statement urging the client to compare the account statements from the custodian with those from the investment advisor.

4. The investment advisor has a reasonable basis, after due inquiry, for believing that the qualified custodian sends an account statement, at least quarterly, to each client for which it maintains funds or securities, identifying the amount of funds and of each security in the account at the end of the period and setting forth all transactions in the account during that period.

5. If the investment advisor or a related person is a general partner of a limited partnership (or managing member of a limited liability company, or holds a comparable position for another type of pooled investment vehicle):

a. The account statements required under subdivision 4 of this subsection must be sent to each limited partner (or member or other beneficial owner), and

b. The investment advisor must:

(1) Enter into a written agreement with an independent party who is obliged to act in the best interest of the limited partners, members, or other beneficial owners to review all fees, expenses and capital withdrawals from the pooled accounts;

(2) Send all invoices or receipts to the independent party, detailing the amount of the fee, expenses or capital withdrawal and the method of calculation such that the independent party can:

(a) Determine that the payment is in accordance with the pooled investment vehicle standards (generally the partnership agreement or membership agreement); and

(b) Forward, to the qualified custodian, approval for payment of the invoice with a copy to the investment advisor.

6. An independent certified public accountant, pursuant to a written agreement between the investment advisor and the independent certified public accountant, verifies by actual examination at least once during each calendar year the client funds and securities of which the investment advisor has custody. The time will be chosen by the independent certified public accountant without prior notice or announcement to the investment advisor and will be irregular from year to year. The written agreement must provide for the first examination to occur within six months of becoming subject to this subdivision, except that, if the investment advisor maintains client funds or securities pursuant to this section as a qualified custodian, the agreement must provide for the first examination to occur no later than six months after obtaining the internal control report. The written agreement must require the independent certified public accountant to:

a. File a certificate on Form ADV-E with the commission within 120 days of the time chosen by the independent certified public accountant in subdivision 6 of this subsection, stating that it has examined the funds and securities and describing the nature and extent of the examination;

b. Upon finding any material discrepancies during the course of the examination, notify the commission within one business day of the finding, by means of a facsimile transmission or electronic mail, followed by first class mail, directed to the attention of the commission; and

c. Upon resignation or dismissal from, or other termination of, the engagement, or upon removing itself or being removed from consideration for being reappointed, file within four business days Form ADV-E accompanied by a statement that includes:

(1) The date of such resignation, dismissal, removal, or other termination, and the name, address, and contact information of the independent certified public accountant; and

(2) An explanation of any problems relating to examination scope or procedure that contributed to such resignation, dismissal, removal, or other termination.

7. If the investment advisor maintains, or if the investment advisor has custody because a related person maintains, client funds or securities pursuant to this section as a qualified custodian in connection with advisory services the investment advisor provides to clients:

a. The independent certified public accountant the investment advisor retains to perform the independent verification required by subdivision 6 of this subsection must be registered with, and subject to regular inspection as of the commencement of the professional engagement period, and as of each calendar year-end, by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in accordance with its rules; and

b. The investment advisor must obtain, or receive from its related person, within six months of becoming subject to this subdivision and thereafter no less frequently than once each calendar year a written internal control report prepared by an independent certified public accountant:

(1) The internal control report must include an opinion of an independent certified public accountant as to whether controls have been placed in operation as of a specific date, are suitably designed, and are operating effectively to meet control objectives relating to custodial services, including the safeguarding of funds and securities held by either the investment advisor or a related person on behalf of the investment advisors clients, during the year;

(2) The independent certified public accountant must verify that the funds and securities are reconciled to a custodian other than the investment advisor or the investment advisors related person; and

(3) The independent certified public accountant must be registered with and subject to regular inspection as of the commencement of the professional engagement period, and as of each calendar year-end, by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in accordance with its rules.

8. A client may designate an independent representative to receive on his behalf notices and account statements as required under subdivisions 3 and 4 of this subsection.

C. Exceptions:

1. With respect to shares of an open-end company as defined in Section 5(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 ("mutual fund"), the investment advisor may use the mutual fund's transfer agent in lieu of a qualified custodian for purposes of complying with subsection B of this section;

2. Certain privately offered securities are exempt, including:

a. The investment advisor is not required to comply with subdivision B 2 of this section with respect to securities that are:

(1) Acquired from the issuer in a transaction or chain of transactions not involving any public offering;

(2) Uncertificated and ownership thereof is recorded only on the books of the issuer or its transfer agent in the name of the client; and

(3) Transferable only with prior consent of the issuer or holders of the outstanding securities of the issuer.

b. Notwithstanding subdivision 2 a of this subsection, the provisions of this subdivision 2 are available with respect to securities held for the account of a limited partnership (or limited liability company, or other type of pooled investment vehicle) only if the limited partnership is audited, and the audited financial statements are distributed, as described in subdivision 4 of this subsection and the investment advisor notifies the commission in writing that the investment advisor intends to provide audited financial statements as described above. Such notification is required to be provided on Form ADV.

3. Notwithstanding subdivision B 6 of this section, an investment advisor is not required to obtain an independent verification of client funds and securities maintained by a qualified custodian if all of the following are met:

a. The investment advisor has custody of the funds and securities solely as a consequence of its authority to make withdrawals from client accounts to pay its advisory fee;

b. The investment advisor has written authorization from the client to deduct advisory fees from the account held with the qualified custodian;

c. Each time a fee is directly deducted from a client account, the investment advisor concurrently:

(1) Sends the qualified custodian or if subdivision B 5 of this section applies sends the independent party designated pursuant to subdivision B 5 b (2) of this section, an invoice or statement of the amount of the fee to be deducted from the client's account; and

(2) Sends the client an invoice or statement itemizing the fee. Itemization includes the formula used to calculate the fee, the amount of assets under management the fee is based on, and the time period covered by the fee. The invoice will notify the client that the custodian will not be checking the accuracy of the fees and this responsibility is the client's.

d. The investment advisor notifies the commission in writing that the investment advisor intends to use the safeguards provided above. Such notification is required to be given on Form ADV.

Check Item 9.A. on Form ADV Part 1A as "No" if the only reason the investment advisors have custody is because they engage in direct fee deduction. Item 2.I. of Form ADV Part 1B asks detailed questions that are more useful in determining associated risk.

4. An investment advisor is not required to comply with subdivisions B 3 and B 4 of this section and shall be deemed to have complied with subdivision B 6 of this section with respect to the account of a limited partnership (or limited liability company, or another type of pooled investment vehicle) if each of the following conditions are met:

a. The advisor sends to all limited partners (or members or other beneficial owners) at least quarterly, a statement, showing:

(1) The total amount of all additions to and withdrawals from the fund as a whole as well as the opening and closing value of the fund at the end of the quarter based on the custodian's records;

(2) A listing of all long and short positions on the closing date of the statement in accordance with FASB Rule Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 946-210-50; and

(3) The total amount of additions to and withdrawals from the fund by the investor as well as the total value of the investor's interest in the fund at the end of the quarter.

The listing in subdivision 4 a (2) of this subsection follows FASB Rule Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 946-210-50-6 whereby long and short positions representing more than 5.0% of the net assets of the fund must be reported as outlined in subsection 50-6 of the FASB Rule. All provisions of subsection 50-6 in the FASB Rule apply to the position disclosure required on the quarterly customer statement. This is the same reporting format required by Rule 13F under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for investment managers' annual reports.

b. At least annually the fund is subject to an audit and distributes its audited financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles to all limited partners (or members or other beneficial owners) and the commission within 120 days of the end of its fiscal year;

c. The audit is performed by an independent certified public accountant that is registered with, and subject to regular inspection as of the commencement of the professional engagement period, and as of each calendar year-end, by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in accordance with its rules;

d. Upon liquidation, the advisor distributes the fund's final audited financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles to all limited partners (or members or other beneficial owners) and the commission promptly after the completion of such audit;

e. The written agreement with the independent certified public accountant must require the independent certified public accountant to, upon resignation or dismissal from, or other termination of, the engagement, or upon removing itself or being removed from consideration for being reappointed, notify the commission within four business days accompanied by a statement that includes:

(1) The date of such resignation, dismissal, removal, or other termination, and the name, address, and contact information of the independent certified public accountant; and

(2) An explanation of any problems relating to audit scope or procedure that contributed to such resignation, dismissal, removal, or other termination.

f. The investment advisor must also notify the commission in writing that the investment advisor intends to employ the use of the statement delivery and audit safeguards described above. Such notification is required to be given on Form ADV.

5. The investment advisor is not required to comply with this section with respect to the account of an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

6. When a supervised person of an advisor serves as the executor, conservator, or trustee for an estate, conservatorship, or personal trust solely because the supervised person has been appointed in these capacities as a result of a family or personal relationship with the decedent, beneficiary, or grantor (but not a relationship resulting from a past or present client relationship with the advisor), the advisor will not be required to comply with the requirements of subsection B of this section if the advisor complies with the following:

a. Provides a written statement to each beneficial owner of the account setting forth a description of the requirements of subsection B of this section and includes the reasons why the investment advisor will not be required to comply with those requirements.

b. Obtains from each beneficial owner a signed and dated statement acknowledging the receipt of the written statement required under subdivision 6 a of this subsection.

c. Maintains a copy of both documents described in subdivisions 6 a and b of this subsection until the account is closed or the investment advisor is no longer executor, conservator, or trustee.

D. Delivery to related persons. Sending an account statement under subdivision B 5 of this section or distributing audited financial statements under subdivision C 4 of this section shall not satisfy the requirements of this section if such account statements or financial statements are sent solely to limited partners (or members or other beneficial owners) that themselves are limited partnerships (or limited liability companies, or another type of pooled investment vehicle) and are related persons.

Statutory Authority

§ 12.1-13 and 13.1-523 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Virginia Register Volume 29, Issue 20, eff. June 3, 2013.

21VAC5-80-150. Agency cross transactions.

A. For purposes of this section, "agency cross transaction" means a transaction in which an investment advisor, or any person controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such investment advisor, including an investment advisor representative, acts as a broker-dealer for both the advisory client and the person on the other side of the transaction.

B. An investment advisor effecting an agency cross transaction for an advisory client shall comply with the following conditions; provided, that an investment advisor having its principal place of business outside this Commonwealth and registered or licensed, and in compliance with the applicable books and records requirements, in the state where its principal place of business is located, shall only be required to make, keep current, maintain and preserve such of the following required books, ledgers and records as are not in addition to those required under the laws of the state in which it maintains its principal place of business:

1. Obtain from the advisory client a written consent prospectively authorizing the investment advisor to effect agency cross transactions for such client.

2. Before obtaining such written consent from the client, disclose to the client in writing that, with respect to agency cross transactions, the investment advisor will act as broker-dealer for, receive commissions from and have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities regarding both parties to the transactions.

3. At or before the completion of each agency cross transaction, send the client a written confirmation. The written confirmation shall include (i) a statement of the nature of the transaction, (ii) the date the transaction took place (iii) an offer to furnish, upon request, the time when the transaction took place and (iv) the source and amount of any other remuneration the investment advisor received or will receive in connection with the transaction. In the case of a purchase, if the investment advisor was not participating in a distribution, or, in the case of a sale, if the investment advisor was not participating in a tender offer, the written confirmation may state whether the investment advisor has been receiving or will receive any other remuneration and that the investment advisor will furnish to the client the source and amount of such remuneration upon the client's written request.

4. At least annually, and with or as part of any written statement or summary of the account from the investment advisor, send each client a written disclosure statement identifying (i) the total number of agency cross transactions during the period since the date of the last such statement or summary and (ii) the total amount of all commissions or other remuneration the investment advisor received or will receive in connection with agency cross transactions during the period.

5. Each written disclosure and confirmation required by this section must include a conspicuous statement that the client may revoke the written consent required under subdivision B1 of this section at any time by providing written notice of revocation to the investment advisor.

6. No agency cross transaction may be effected in which the same investment advisor recommended the transaction to both any seller and any purchaser.

C. Nothing in this section shall be construed to relieve an investment advisor or investment advisor representative from acting in the best interests of the client, including fulfilling his duty with respect to the best price and execution for the particular transaction for the client nor shall it relieve any investment advisor or investment advisor representative of any other disclosure obligations imposed by the Act.

Statutory Authority

§§ 12.1-13 and 13.1-523 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Rule 1201, Case No. SEC870040, eff. July 2, 1987; amended, Virginia Register Volume 13, Issue 25, eff. September 1, 1997.

21VAC5-80-160. Recordkeeping requirements for investment advisors.

A. Every investment advisor registered or required to be registered under the Act shall make and keep true, accurate and current the following books, ledgers and records, except an investment advisor having its principal place of business outside this Commonwealth and registered or licensed, and in compliance with the applicable books and records requirements, in the state where its principal place of business is located, shall only be required to make, keep current, maintain and preserve such of the following required books, ledgers and records as are not in addition to those required under the laws of the state in which it maintains its principal place of business:

1. A journal, including cash receipts and disbursements records, and any other records of original entry forming the basis of entries in any ledger.

2. General and auxiliary ledgers (or other comparable records) reflecting asset, liability, reserve, capital, income and expense accounts.

3. A memorandum of each order given by the investment advisor for the purchase or sale of any security, of any instruction received by the investment advisor from the client concerning the purchase, sale, receipt or delivery of a particular security, and of any modification or cancellation of any such order or instruction. The memoranda shall show the terms and conditions of the order, instruction, modification or cancellation; shall identify the person connected with the investment advisor who recommended the transaction to the client and the person who placed the order; and shall show the account for which entered, the date of entry, and the bank, broker or dealer by or through whom executed where appropriate. Orders entered pursuant to the exercise of discretionary power shall be so designated.

4. All check books, bank statements, canceled checks and cash reconciliations of the investment advisor.

5. All bills or statements (or copies of), paid or unpaid, relating to the business as an investment advisor.

6. All trial balances, financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles which shall include a balance sheet, income statement and such other statements as may be required pursuant to 21VAC5-80-180, and internal audit working papers relating to the investment advisor's business as an investment advisor.

7. Originals of all written communications received and copies of all written communications sent by the investment advisor relating to (i) any recommendation made or proposed to be made and any advice given or proposed to be given; (ii) any receipt, disbursement or delivery of funds or securities; and (iii) the placing or execution of any order to purchase or sell any security; however, (a) the investment advisor shall not be required to keep any unsolicited market letters and other similar communications of general public distribution not prepared by or for the investment advisor, and (b) if the investment advisor sends any notice, circular or other advertisement offering any report, analysis, publication or other investment advisory service to more than 10 persons, the investment advisor shall not be required to keep a record of the names and addresses of the persons to whom it was sent; except that if the notice, circular or advertisement is distributed to persons named on any list, the investment advisor shall retain with a copy of the notice, circular or advertisement a memorandum describing the list and the source thereof.

8. A list or other record of all accounts which list identifies the accounts in which the investment advisor is vested with any discretionary power with respect to the funds, securities or transactions of any client.

9. All powers of attorney and other evidences of the granting of any discretionary authority by any client to the investment advisor, or copies thereof.

10. All written agreements (or copies thereof) entered into by the investment advisor with any client, and all other written agreements otherwise related to the investment advisor's business as an investment advisor.

11. A file containing a copy of each notice, circular, advertisement, newspaper article, investment letter, bulletin, or other communication including by electronic media that the investment advisor circulates or distributes, directly or indirectly, to two or more persons (other than persons connected with the investment advisor), and if the notice, circular, advertisement, newspaper article, investment letter, bulletin, or other communication including by electronic media recommends the purchase or sale of a specific security and does not state the reasons for the recommendation, a memorandum of the investment adviser indicating the reasons for the recommendation.

12. a. A record of every transaction in a security in which the investment advisor or any investment advisory representative of the investment advisor has, or by reason of any transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, except (i) transactions effected in any account over which neither the investment advisor nor any investment advisory representative of the investment advisor has any direct or indirect influence or control; and (ii) transactions in securities which are direct obligations of the United States. The record shall state the title and amount of the security involved; the date and nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or other acquisition or disposition); the price at which it was effected; and the name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected. The record may also contain a statement declaring that the reporting or recording of any such transaction shall not be construed as an admission that the investment advisor or investment advisory representative has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the security. A transaction shall be recorded not later than 10 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction was effected.

b. For purposes of this subdivision 12, the following definitions will apply. The term "advisory representative" means any partner, officer or director of the investment advisor; any employee who participates in any way in the determination of which recommendations shall be made; any employee who, in connection with his duties, obtains any information concerning which securities are being recommended prior to the effective dissemination of the recommendations; and any of the following persons who obtain information concerning securities recommendations being made by the investment advisor prior to the effective dissemination of the recommendations:

(1) Any person in a control relationship to the investment adviser;

(2) Any affiliated person of a controlling person; and

(3) Any affiliated person of an affiliated person.

"Control" means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with the company. Any person who owns beneficially, either directly or through one or more controlled companies, more than 25% of the ownership interest of a company shall be presumed to control the company.

c. An investment advisor shall not be deemed to have violated the provisions of this subdivision 12 because of his failure to record securities transactions of any investment advisor representative if the investment advisor establishes that it instituted adequate procedures and used reasonable diligence to obtain promptly reports of all transactions required to be recorded.

13. a. Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision 12 of this subsection, where the investment advisor is primarily engaged in a business other than advising investment advisory clients, a record must be maintained of every transaction in a security in which the investment advisor or any investment advisory representative of such investment advisor has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, except (i) transactions effected in any account over which neither the investment advisor nor any investment advisory representative of the investment advisor has any direct or indirect influence or control; and (ii) transactions in securities which are direct obligations of the United States. The record shall state the title and amount of the security involved; the date and nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or other acquisition or disposition); the price at which it was effected; and the name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected. The record may also contain a statement declaring that the reporting or recording of any such transaction shall not be construed as an admission that the investment advisor or investment advisory representative has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the security. A transaction shall be recorded not later than 10 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction was effected.

b. An investment advisor is "primarily engaged in a business other than advising investment advisory clients" when, for each of its most recent three fiscal years or for the period of time since organization, whichever is less, the investment advisor derived, on an unconsolidated basis, more than 50% of (i) its total sales and revenues, and (ii) its income (or loss) before income taxes and extraordinary items, from such other business.

c. For purposes of this subdivision 13, the following definitions will apply. The term "advisory representative," when used in connection with a company primarily engaged in a business other than advising investment advisory clients, means any partner, officer, director or employee of the investment advisor who participates in any way in the determination of which recommendation shall be made, or whose functions or duties relate to the determination of which securities are being recommended prior to the effective dissemination of the recommendations; and any of the following persons, who obtain information concerning securities recommendations being made by the investment advisor prior to the effective dissemination of the recommendations or of the information concerning the recommendations:

(1) Any person in a control relationship to the investment advisor;

(2) Any affiliated person of a controlling person; and

(3) Any affiliated person of an affiliated person.

d. An investment advisor shall not be deemed to have violated the provisions of this subdivision 13 because of his failure to record securities transactions of any investment advisor representative if he establishes that he instituted adequate procedures and used reasonable diligence to obtain promptly reports of all transactions required to be recorded.

14. A copy of each written statement and each amendment or revision, given or sent to any client or prospective client of such investment advisor in accordance with the provisions of 21VAC5-80-190 and a record of the dates that each written statement, and each amendment or revision, was given, or offered to be given, to any client or prospective client who subsequently becomes a client.

15. For each client that was obtained by the advisor by means of a solicitor to whom a cash fee was paid by the advisor, the following:

a. Evidence of a written agreement to which the advisor is a party related to the payment of such fee;

b. A signed and dated acknowledgement of receipt from the client evidencing the client's receipt of the investment advisor's disclosure statement and a written disclosure statement of the solicitor; and

c. A copy of the solicitor's written disclosure statement. The written agreement, acknowledgement and solicitor disclosure statement will be considered to be in compliance if such documents are in compliance with Rule 275.206(4)-3 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.

For purposes of this regulation, the term "solicitor" means any person or entity who, for compensation, acts as an agent of an investment advisor in referring potential clients.

16. All accounts, books, internal working papers, and any other records or documents that are necessary to form the basis for or demonstrate the calculation of the performance or rate of return of all managed accounts or securities recommendations in any notice, circular, advertisement, newspaper article, investment letter, bulletin, or other communication including electronic media that the investment advisor circulates or distributes directly or indirectly, to two or more persons (other than persons connected with the investment advisor); however, with respect to the performance of managed accounts, the retention of all account statements, if they reflect all debits, credits, and other transactions in a client's account for the period of the statement, and all worksheets necessary to demonstrate the calculation of the performance or rate of return of all managed accounts shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements of this subdivision.

17. A file containing a copy of all written communications received or sent regarding any litigation involving the investment advisor or any investment advisor representative or employee, and regarding any written customer or client complaint.

18. Written information about each investment advisory client that is the basis for making any recommendation or providing any investment advice to the client.

19. Written procedures to supervise the activities of employees and investment advisor representatives that are reasonably designed to achieve compliance with applicable securities laws and regulations.

20. A file containing a copy of each document (other than any notices of general dissemination) that was filed with or received from any state or federal agency or self regulatory organization and that pertains to the registrant or its investment advisor representatives, which file should contain, but is not limited to, all applications, amendments, renewal filings, and correspondence.

21. Any records documenting dates, locations and findings of the investment advisor's annual review of these policies and procedures conducted pursuant to subdivision F of 21VAC5-80-170.

22. Copies, with original signatures of the investment advisor's appropriate signatory and the investment advisor representative, of each initial Form U4 and each amendment to Disclosure Reporting Pages (DRPs U4) must be retained by the investment advisor (filing on behalf of the investment advisor representative) and must be made available for inspection upon regulatory request.

23. Where the advisor inadvertently held or obtained a client's securities or funds and returned them to the client within three business days or has forwarded third party checks within three business days of receipt, the advisor will be considered as not having custody but shall keep the following record to identify all securities or funds held or obtained relating to the inadvertent custody:

A ledger or other listing of all securities or funds held or obtained, including the following information:

a. Issuer;

b. Type of security and series;

c. Date of issue;

d. For debt instruments, the denomination, interest rate and maturity date;

e. Certificate number, including alphabetical prefix or suffix;

f. Name in which registered;

g. Date given to the advisor;

h. Date sent to client or sender;

i. Form of delivery to client or sender, or copy of the form of delivery to client or sender; and

j. Mail confirmation number, if applicable, or confirmation by client or sender of the fund's or security's return.

24. If an investment advisor obtains possession of securities that are acquired from the issuer in a transaction or chain of transactions not involving any public offering that comply with the exception from custody under subdivision C 2 of 21VAC5-80-146, the advisor shall keep the following records:

a. A record showing the issuer or current transfer agent's name address, phone number, and other applicable contract information pertaining to the party responsible for recording client interests in the securities; and

b. A copy of any legend, shareholder agreement, or other agreement showing that those securities that are transferable only with prior consent of the issuer or holders of the outstanding securities of the issuer.

25. Any records required pursuant to 21VAC5-80-260.

B. 1. If an investment advisor subject to subsection A of this section has custody or possession of securities or funds of any client, the records required to be made and kept under subsection A of this section shall also include:

a. A journal or other record showing all purchases, sales, receipts and deliveries of securities (including certificate numbers) for such accounts and all other debits and credits to the accounts.

b. A separate ledger account for each client showing all purchases, sales, receipts and deliveries of securities, the date and price of each purchase and sale, and all debits and credits.

c. Copies of confirmations of all transactions effected by or for the account of any client.

d. A record for each security in which any client has a position, which record shall show the name of each client having any interest in each security, the amount or interest of each client, and the location of each security.

e. A copy of any records required to be made and kept under 21VAC5-80-146.

f. A copy of any and all documents executed by the client (including a limited power of attorney) under which the advisor is authorized or permitted to withdraw a client's funds or securities maintained with a custodian upon the advisor's instruction to the custodian.

g. A copy of each of the client's quarterly account statements as generated and delivered by the qualified custodian. If the advisor also generates a statement that is delivered to the client, the advisor shall also maintain copies of such statements along with the date such statements were sent to the clients.

h. If applicable to the advisor's situation, a copy of the special examination report verifying the completion of the examination by an independent certified public accountant and describing the nature and extent of the examination.

i. A record of any finding by the independent certified public accountant of any material discrepancies found during the examination.

j. If applicable, evidence of the client's designation of an independent representative.

2. If an investment advisor has custody because it advises a pooled investment vehicle, as defined in 21VAC5-80-146 A in the definition of custody in subdivision 1 c, the advisor shall also keep the following records:

a. True, accurate, and current account statements;

b. Where the advisor complies with 21VAC5-80-146 C 4, the records required to be made and kept shall include:

(1) The date of the audit;

(2) A copy of the audited financial statements; and

(3) Evidence of the mailing of the audited financial to all limited partners, members, or other beneficial owners within 120 days of the end of its fiscal year.

c. Where the advisor complies with 21VAC5-80-146 B 5, the records required to be made and kept shall include:

(1) A copy of the written agreement with the independent party reviewing all fees and expenses, indicating the responsibilities of the independent third party.

(2) Copies of all invoices and receipts showing approval by the independent party for payment through the qualified custodian.

C. Every investment advisor subject to subsection A of this section who renders any investment advisory or management service to any client shall, with respect to the portfolio being supervised or managed and to the extent that the information is reasonably available to or obtainable by the investment advisor, make and keep true, accurate and current:

1. Records showing separately for each client the securities purchased and sold, and the date, amount and price of each purchase and sale.

2. For each security in which any client has a current position, information from which the investment advisor can promptly furnish the name of each client and the current amount or interest of the client.

D. Any books or records required by this section may be maintained by the investment advisor in such manner that the identity of any client to whom the investment advisor renders investment advisory services is indicated by numerical or alphabetical code or some similar designation.

E. Every investment advisor subject to subsection A of this section shall preserve the following records in the manner prescribed:

1. All books and records required to be made under the provisions of subsection A through subdivision C 1, inclusive, of this section, except for books and records required to be made under the provisions of subdivisions A 11 and A 16 of this section, shall be maintained in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on record, the first two years of which shall be maintained in the principal office of the investment advisor.

2. Partnership articles and any amendments, articles of incorporation, charters, minute books, and stock certificate books of the investment advisor and of any predecessor, shall be maintained in the principal office of the investment advisor and preserved until at least three years after termination of the enterprise.

3. Books and records required to be made under the provisions of subdivisions A 11 and A 16 of this section shall be maintained in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years, the first two years of which shall be maintained in the principal office of the investment advisor, from the end of the fiscal year during which the investment advisor last published or otherwise disseminated, directly or indirectly, the notice, circular, advertisement, newspaper article, investment letter, bulletin, or other communication including by electronic media.

4. Books and records required to be made under the provisions of subdivisions A 17 through A 22, inclusive, of this section shall be maintained and preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years, from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on such record, the first two years in the principal office of the investment advisor, or for the time period during which the investment advisor was registered or required to be registered in the state, if less.

5. Notwithstanding other record preservation requirements of this subsection, the following records or copies shall be required to be maintained at the business location of the investment advisor from which the customer or client is being provided or has been provided with investment advisory services: (i) records required to be preserved under subdivisions A 3, A 7 through A 10, A 14 and A 15, A 17 through A 19, subsections B and C and (ii) the records or copies required under the provision of subdivisions A 11 and A 16 of this section which records or related records identify the name of the investment advisor representative providing investment advice from that business location, or which identify the business locations' physical address, mailing address, electronic mailing address, or telephone number. The records will be maintained for the period described in this subsection.

F. Every investment advisor shall establish and maintain a written disaster recovery plan that shall address at a minimum:

1. The identity of individuals that will conduct or wind down business on behalf of the investment advisor in the event of death or incapacity of key persons;

2. Means to provide notification to clients of the investment advisor and to those states in which the advisor is registered of the death or incapacity of key persons;

a. Notification shall be provided to the Division of Securities and Retail Franchising via IARD/CRD within 24 hours of the death or incapacity of key persons.

b. Notification shall be given to clients within five business days from the death or incapacity of key persons.

3. Means for clients' accounts to continue to be monitored until an orderly liquidation, distribution or transfer of the clients' portfolio to another advisor can be achieved or until an actual notice to the client of investment advisor death or incapacity and client control of their assets occurs;

4. Means for the credit demands of the investment advisor to be met; and

5. Data backups sufficient to allow rapid resumption of the investment advisor's activities.

G. An investment advisor subject to subsection A of this section, before ceasing to conduct or discontinuing business as an investment advisor, shall arrange for and be responsible for the preservation of the books and records required to be maintained and preserved under this section for the remainder of the period specified in this section, and shall notify the commission in writing of the exact address where the books and records will be maintained during such period.

H. 1. The records required to be maintained pursuant to this section may be immediately produced or reproduced by photograph on film or, as provided in subdivision 2 of this subsection, on magnetic disk, tape or other computer storage medium, and be maintained for the required time in that form. If records are preserved or reproduced by photographic film or computer storage medium, the investment advisor shall:

a. Arrange the records and index the films or computer storage medium so as to permit the immediate location of any particular record;

b. Be ready at all times to promptly provide any facsimile enlargement of film or computer printout or copy of the computer storage medium which the commission by its examiners or other representatives may request;

c. Store separately from the original one other copy of the film or computer storage medium for the time required;

d. With respect to records stored on computer storage medium, maintain procedures for maintenance of, and access to, records so as to reasonably safeguard records from loss, alteration, or destruction; and

e. With respect to records stored on photographic film, at all times have available, for the commission's examination of its records, facilities for immediate, easily readable projection of the film and for producing easily readable facsimile enlargements.

2. Pursuant to subdivision 1 of this subsection, an advisor may maintain and preserve on computer tape or disk or other computer storage medium records which, in the ordinary course of the advisor's business, are created by the advisor on electronic media or are received by the advisor solely on electronic media or by electronic transmission.

I. Any book or record made, kept, maintained, and preserved in compliance with SEC Rules 17a-3 (17 CFR 240.17a-3) and 17a-4 (17 CFR 240.17a-4) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which is substantially the same as the book, or other record required to be made, kept, maintained, and preserved under this section shall be deemed to be made, kept, maintained, and preserved in compliance with this section.

J. For purposes of this section, "investment supervisory services" means the giving of continuous advice as to the investment of funds on the basis of the individual needs of each client; and "discretionary power" shall not include discretion as to the price at which or the time when a transaction is or is to be effected if, before the order is given by the investment advisor, the client has directed or approved the purchase or sale of a definite amount of the particular security.

K. For purposes of this section, "principal place of business" and "principal office" mean the executive office of the investment advisor from which the officers, partners, or managers of the investment advisor direct, control, and coordinate the activities of the investment advisor.

L. Every investment advisor registered or required to be registered in this Commonwealth and has its principal place of business in a state other than the Commonwealth shall be exempt from the requirements of this section to the extent provided by the National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996 (Pub. L. No. 104-290), provided the investment advisor is licensed in such state and is in compliance with such state's recordkeeping requirements.

Statutory Authority

§§ 12.1-13 and 13.1-523 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Rule 1202, Case No. SEC870040, eff. July 2, 1987; amended by Case No. SEC890040, eff. July 1, 1989; Virginia Register Volume 13, Issue 25, eff. September 1, 1997; Volume 14, Issue 22, eff. July 1, 1998; Volume 15, Issue 22, eff. July 1, 1999; Volume 17, Issue 20, eff. July 1, 2001; Volume 23, Issue 23, eff. July 1, 2007; Volume 25, Issue 22, eff. July 1, 2009; Volume 26, Issue 22, eff. July 1, 2010; Volume 29, Issue 20, eff. June 3, 2013; Volume 36, Issue 2, eff. September 16, 2019.

21VAC5-80-170. Supervision of investment advisor representatives.

A. An investment advisor shall be responsible for the acts, practices, and conduct of its investment advisor representatives in connection with advisory services until such time as the investment advisor representatives have been properly terminated as provided by 21VAC5-80-110.

B. Every investment advisor shall exercise diligent supervision over the advisory activities of all of its investment advisor representatives.

C. Every investment advisor representative employed by an investment advisor shall be subject to the supervision of a supervisor designated by such investment advisor. The supervisor may be the investment advisor in the case of a sole proprietor, or a partner, officer, office manager or any qualified investment advisor representative in the case of entities other than sole proprietorships. All designated supervisors shall exercise reasonable supervision over the advisory activities of all investment advisor representatives under their responsibility.

D. As part of its responsibility under this section, every investment advisor, except entities employing no more than one investment advisor representative, shall establish, maintain and enforce written procedures, a copy of which shall be kept in each business office, which shall set forth the procedures adopted by the investment advisor to comply with the Act and associated regulations, which shall include but not be limited to the following duties imposed by this section; provided that an investment advisor having its principal place of business outside this Commonwealth and registered or licensed, and in compliance with the applicable books and records requirements, in the state where its principal place of business is located, shall only be required to make, keep current, maintain and preserve such of the following required books, ledgers and records as are not in addition to those required under the laws of the state in which it maintains its principal place of business:

1. The review and written approval by the designated supervisor of the opening of each new client account;

2. The frequent examination of all client accounts to detect and prevent irregularities or abuses;

3. The prompt review and written approval by a designated supervisor of all advisory transactions by investment advisor representatives and of all correspondence pertaining to the solicitation or execution of all advisory transactions by investment advisor representatives;

4. The prompt review and written approval of the handling of all client complaints.

E. Every investment advisor who has designated more than one supervisor pursuant to subsection C of this section shall designate from among its partners, officers, or other qualified investment advisor representatives, a person or group of persons, independent from the designated business supervisor or supervisors who shall supervise and periodically review the activities of the supervisors designated pursuant to subsection C of this section. All supervisors designated pursuant to this subsection E shall exercise reasonable supervision over the supervisors under their responsibility to ensure compliance with this subsection.

F. Every investment advisor who has more than one business office where its investment advisor representatives offer investment advisory related services shall no less often than annually, conduct an independent physical inspection of each business office under his supervision to ensure (i) investment advisor representatives at the respective business office are in compliance with the statutory provisions of the Act or associated regulations promulgated by the commission and (ii) the written procedures and compliance requirements are being enforced.

Statutory Authority

§§ 12.1-13 and 13.1-523 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Rule 1203, Case No. SEC870040, eff. July 2, 1987; amended, Virginia Register Volume 13, Issue 25, eff. September 1, 1997; Volume 14, Issue 22, eff. July 1, 1998; Volume 26, Issue 22, eff. July 1, 2010; Volume 29, Issue 20, eff. June 3, 2013; Errata, 29:24 VA.R. 3429 July 29, 2013.

21VAC5-80-180. Requirements for surety bonds and financial reporting.

A. Investment advisors required to provide a balance sheet pursuant to Part 2A, Item 18 of Form ADV must demonstrate a net worth in excess of $25,000. In the case of an investment advisor that is registered in the state in which it maintains its principal place of business, its balance sheet must demonstrate that it is in compliance with the state's net worth or net capital requirements (as the case may be).

B. Investment advisors who maintain their principal place of business in the Commonwealth of Virginia and are subject to subsection A of this section, whose net worth drops below $25,001, must notify the Division of Securities and Retail Franchising within 24 hours of initial awareness of the discrepancy and immediately take action to establish a net worth in excess of $25,000 or obtain a surety bond in the penalty amount of $25,000. The surety bond form must be utilized. Additionally, within 24 hours after transmitting such notice, the investment advisor shall file a report with the Division of Securities and Retail Franchising of its financial condition, including the following:

1. A trial balance of all ledger accounts.

2. A computation of net worth.

3. A statement of all client funds or securities which are not segregated.

4. A computation of the aggregate amount of client ledger debit balances.

5. A statement as to the number of client accounts.

C. An investment advisor registered in the state in which it maintains its principal place of business and subject to subsection A of this section whose net worth or net capital (as the case may be) drops below the state's requirement, must notify the Division of Securities and Retail Franchising within 24 hours of initial awareness of the discrepancy and immediately take action to establish a net worth or net capital that is in compliance with the state's requirement. Additionally, within 24 hours after transmitting such notice, the investment advisor shall file a report with the Division of Securities and Retail Franchising of its financial condition, including the following:

1. A trial balance of all ledger accounts.

2. A computation of net worth or net capital.

3. A statement of all client funds or securities which are not segregated.

4. A computation of the aggregate amount of client ledger debit balances.

5. A statement as to the number of client accounts.

Statutory Authority

§§ 12.1-13 and 13.1-523 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Rule 1204, Case No. SEC870040, eff. July 2, 1987; amended, Virginia Register Volume 13, Issue 25, eff. September 1, 1997; Volume 15, Issue 22, eff. July 1, 1999; Volume 29, Issue 20, eff. June 3, 2013.

21VAC5-80-190. Disclosure requirements.

A. For purposes of compliance with § 13.1-505.1 of the Act, a copy of Part 2 of Form ADV must be given to clients of investment advisors.

B. The investment advisor or its registered representatives shall deliver the disclosure information required by this section to an advisory client or prospective advisory client:

1. Not less than 48 hours prior to entering into any investment advisory contract with such client or prospective client, or

2. At the time of entering into any such contract, if the advisory client has a right to terminate the contract without penalty within five calendar days after entering into the contract.

C. The investment advisor, or its registered representatives, shall offer to deliver the disclosure information required by this section to an advisory client or prospective advisory client annually, within 90 days of any investment advisor's fiscal year end.

D. A copy of Part 2 of Form ADV to be given to clients must be filed by investment advisors with the commission at its Division of Securities and Retail Franchising not later than the time of its use.

E. An investment advisor and its representative who receives compensation for assisting a client in the selection of another investment advisor may only assist that client in the selection of another investment advisor pursuant to a written agreement between the assisting investment advisor and the other investment advisor. The written agreement must describe the assisting activities and compensation, contain the assisting investment advisor's undertaking to perform consistent with the other investment advisor's instructions, and require that the assisting investment advisor representative provide the prospective clients with written disclosure documents of the assisting investment advisor and the other investment advisor. The disclosure document of an investment advisor who assists clients in the selection of another investment advisor shall always contain the following information in addition to other information required by subsection A of this section:

1. The name of the assisting investment advisor representative;

2. The name of the other investment advisor;

3. The nature of the relationship, including any affiliation between the assisting investment advisor representative and the other investment advisor;

4. A statement that the assisting investment advisor representative will be compensated for his services by the other investment advisor;

5. The terms of such compensation arrangement, including a description of the compensation paid to the assisting investment advisor representative;

6. Compensation differentials charged to clients above the normal other investment advisor's fee, as a result of the cost of obtaining clients by compensating the assisting investment advisor representative.

Statutory Authority

§§ 12.1-13 and 13.1-523.1 of the Code of Virginia.

Historical Notes

Derived from Rule 1205, Case No. SEC870040, eff. July 2, 1987; amended, Virginia Register Volume 13, Issue 25, eff. September 1, 1997; Volume 19, Issue 23, eff. July 1, 2003; Volume 29, Issue 20, eff. June 3, 2013.

21VAC5-80-200. Dishonest or unethical practices.

A. An investment advisor or federal covered advisor is a fiduciary and has a duty to act primarily for the benefit of his clients. While the extent and nature of this duty varies according to the nature of the relationship between an investment advisor or federal covered advisor and his clients and the circumstances of each case, an investment advisor or federal covered advisor who is registered or required to be registered shall not engage in unethical practices, including the following:

1. Recommending to a client to whom investment supervisory, management or consulting services are provided the purchase, sale or exchange of any security without reasonable grounds to believe that the recommendation is suitable for the client on the basis of information furnished by the client after reasonable inquiry concerning the client's investment objectives, financial situation, risk tolerance and needs, and any other information known or acquired by the investment advisor or federal covered advisor after reasonable examination of the client's financial records.

2. Placing an order to purchase or sell a security for the account of a client without written authority to do so.

3. Placing an order to purchase or sell a security for the account of a client upon instruction of a third party without first having obtained a written third-party authorization from the client.

4. Exercising any discretionary power in placing an order for the purchase or sale of securities for a client without obtaining written discretionary authority from the client within 10 business days after the date of the first transaction placed pursuant to oral discretionary authority, unless the discretionary power relates solely to the price at which, or the time when, an order involving a definite amount of a specified security shall be executed, or both.

5. Inducing trading in a client's account that is excessive in size or frequency in view of the financial resources, investment objectives and character of the account.

6. Borrowing money or securities from a client unless the client is a broker-dealer, an affiliate of the investment advisor or federal covered advisor, or a financial institution engaged in the business of loaning funds or securities.

7. Loaning money to a client unless the investment advisor or federal covered advisor is a financial institution engaged in the business of loaning funds or the client is an affiliate of the investment advisor or federal covered advisor.

8. Misrepresenting to any advisory client, or prospective advisory client, the qualifications of the investment advisor or federal covered advisor, or misrepresenting the nature of the advisory services being offered or fees to be charged for the services, or omission to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made regarding qualifications services or fees, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading.

9. Providing a report or recommendation to any advisory client prepared by someone other than the investment advisor or federal covered advisor without disclosing that fact. This prohibition does not apply to a situation where the advisor uses published research reports or statistical analyses to render advice or where an advisor orders such a report in the normal course of providing service.

10. Charging a client an unreasonable advisory fee in light of the fees charged by other investment advisors or federal covered advisors providing essentially the same services.

11. Failing to disclose to clients in writing before any advice is rendered any material conflict of interest relating to the investment advisor or federal covered advisor or any of his employees which could reasonably be expected to impair the rendering of unbiased and objective advice including:

a. Compensation arrangements connected with advisory services to clients which are in addition to compensation from such clients for such services; or

b. Charging a client an advisory fee for rendering advice when a commission for executing securities transactions pursuant to such advice will be received by the advisor or his employees.

12. Guaranteeing a client that a specific result will be achieved as a result of the advice which will be rendered.

13. Directly or indirectly using any advertisement that does any one of the following:

a. Refers to any testimonial of any kind concerning the investment advisor or investment advisor representative or concerning any advice, analysis, report, or other service rendered by the investment advisor or investment advisor representative;

b. Refers to past specific recommendations of the investment advisor or investment advisor representative that were or would have been profitable to any person; except that an investment advisor or investment advisor representative may furnish or offer to furnish a list of all recommendations made by the investment advisor or investment advisor representative within the immediately preceding period of not less than one year if the advertisement or list also includes both of the following:

(1) The name of each security recommended, the date and nature of each recommendation, the market price at that time, the price at which the recommendation was to be acted upon, and the most recently available market price of each security; and

(2) A legend on the first page in prominent print or type that states that the reader should not assume that recommendations made in the future will be profitable or will equal the performance of the securities in the list;

c. Represents that any graph, chart, formula, or other device being offered can be used to determine which securities to buy or sell, or when to buy or sell them; or which represents, directly or indirectly, that any graph, chart, formula, or other device being offered will assist any person in making that person's own decisions as to which securities to buy or sell, or when to buy or sell them, without prominently disclosing in the advertisement the limitations thereof and the risks associated to its use;

d. Represents that any report, analysis, or other service will be furnished for free or without charge, unless the report, analysis, or other service actually is or will be furnished entirely free and without any direct or indirect condition or obligation;

e. Represents that the commission has approved any advertisement; or

f. Contains any untrue statement of a material fact, or that is otherwise false or misleading.

For the purposes of this section, the term "advertisement" includes any notice, circular, letter, or other written communication addressed to more than one person, or any notice or other announcement in any electronic or paper publication, by radio or television, or by any medium, that offers any one of the following:

(i) Any analysis, report, or publication concerning securities;

(ii) Any analysis, report, or publication that is to be used in making any determination as to when to buy or sell any security or which security to buy or sell;

(iii) Any graph, chart, formula, or other device to be used in making any determination as to when to buy or sell any security, or which security to buy or sell; or

(iv) Any other investment advisory service with regard to securities.

14. Disclosing the identity, affairs, or investments of any client to any third party unless required by law or an order of a court or a regulatory agency to do so, or unless consented to by the client.

15. Taking any action, directly or indirectly, with respect to those securities or funds in which any client has any beneficial interest, where the investment advisor has custody or possession of such securities or funds, when the investment advisor's action is subject to and does not comply with the safekeeping requirements of 21VAC5-80-146.

16. Entering into, extending or renewing any investment advisory contract unless the contract is in writing and discloses, in substance, the services to be provided, the term of the contract, the advisory fee, the formula for computing the fee, the amount of prepaid fee to be returned in the event of contract termination or nonperformance, whether the contract grants discretionary power to the investment advisor or federal covered advisor and that no assignment of such contract shall be made by the investment advisor or federal covered advisor without the consent of the other party to the contract.

17. Failing to clearly and separately disclose to its customer, prior to any security transaction, providing investment advice for compensation or any materially related transaction that the customer's funds or securities will be in the custody of an investment advisor or contracted custodian in a manner that does not provide Securities Investor Protection Corporation protection, or equivalent third-party coverage over the customer's assets.

18. Using a certification or professional designation in connection with the provision of advice as to the value of or the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities, either directly or indirectly or through publications or writings, or by issuing or promulgating analyses or reports relating to securities that indicates or implies that the user has special certification or training in advising or servicing senior citizens or retirees in such a way as to mislead any person.

a. The use of such certification or professional designation includes the following:

(1) Use of a certification or designation by a person who has not actually earned or is otherwise ineligible to use such certification or designation;

(2) Use of a nonexistent or self-conferred certification or professional designation;

(3) Use of a certification or professional designation that indicates or implies a level of occupational qualifications obtained through education, training, or experience that the person using the certification or professional designation does not have; or

(4) Use of a certification or professional designation that was obtained from a designating or certifying organization that:

(a) Is primarily engaged in the business of instruction in sales or marketing;

(b) Does not have reasonable standards or procedures for assuring the competency of its designees or certificants;

(c) Does not have reasonable standards or procedures for monitoring and disciplining its designees or certificants for improper or unethical conduct; or

(d) Does not have reasonable continuing education requirements for its designees or certificants in order to maintain the designation or certificate.

b. There is a rebuttable presumption that a designating or certifying organization is not disqualified solely for purposes of subdivision 18 a (4) of this subsection, when the organization has been accredited by:

(1) The American National Standards Institute;

(2) The Institute for Credentialing Excellence (formerly the National Commission for Certifying Agencies); or

(3) An organization that is on the United States Department of Education's list entitled "Accrediting Agencies Recognized for Title IV Purposes" and the designation or credential issued therefrom does not primarily apply to sales or marketing.

c. In determining whether a combination of words (or an acronym standing for a combination of words) constitutes a certification or professional designation indicating or implying that a person has special certification or training in advising or servicing senior citizens or retirees, factors to be considered shall include:

(1) Use of one or more words such as "senior," "retirement," "elder," or like words, combined with one or more words such as "certified," "chartered," "adviser," "specialist," "consultant," "planner," or like words, in the name of the certification or professional designation; and

(2) The manner in which those words are combined.

d. For purposes of this section, a certification or professional designation does not include a job title within an organization that is licensed or registered by a state or federal financial services regulatory agency, when that job title:

(1) Indicates seniority within the organization; or

(2) Specifies an individual's area of specialization within the organization.

For purposes of this subdivision d, "financial services regulatory agency" includes an agency that regulates broker-dealers, investment advisers, or investment companies as defined under § 3 (a)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (15 USC § 80a-3(a)(1)).

e. Nothing in this regulation shall limit the commission's authority to enforce existing provisions of the law.

B. An investment advisor representative is a fiduciary and has a duty to act primarily for the benefit of his clients. While the extent and nature of this duty varies according to the nature of the relationship between an investment advisor representative and his clients and the circumstances of each case, an investment advisor representative who is registered or required to be registered shall not engage in unethical practices, including the following:

1. Recommending to a client to whom investment supervisory, management or consulting services are provided the purchase, sale or exchange of any security without reasonable grounds to believe that the recommendation is suitable for the client on the basis of information furnished by the client after reasonable inquiry concerning the client's investment objectives, financial situation and needs, and any other information known or acquired by the investment advisor representative after reasonable examination of the client's financial records.

2. Placing an order to purchase or sell a security for the account of a client without written authority to do so.

3. Placing an order to purchase or sell a security for the account of a client upon instruction of a third party without first having obtained a written third-party authorization from the client.

5. Inducing trading in a client's account that is excessive in size or frequency in view of the financial resources, investment objectives and character of the account.

6. Borrowing money or securities from a client unless the client is a broker-dealer, an affiliate of the investment advisor representative, or a financial institution engaged in the business of loaning funds or securities.

7. Loaning money to a client unless the investment advisor representative is engaged in the business of loaning funds or the client is an affiliate of the investment advisor representative.

8. Misrepresenting to any advisory client, or prospective advisory client, the qualifications of the investment advisor representative, or misrepresenting the nature of the advisory services being offered or fees to be charged for the services, or omission to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made regarding qualifications, services or fees, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading.

9. Providing a report or recommendation to any advisory client prepared by someone other than the investment advisor or federal covered advisor who the investment advisor representative is employed by or associated with without disclosing that fact. This prohibition does not apply to a situation where the investment advisor or federal covered advisor uses published research reports or statistical analyses to render advice or where an investment advisor or federal covered advisor orders such a report in the normal course of providing service.

10. Charging a client an unreasonable advisory fee in light of the fees charged by other investment advisor representatives providing essentially the same services.

11. Failing to disclose to clients in writing before any advice is rendered any material conflict of interest relating to the investment advisor representative which could reasonably be expected to impair the rendering of unbiased and objective advice including:

a. Compensation arrangements connected with advisory services to clients which are in addition to compensation from such clients for such services; or

b. Charging a client an advisory fee for rendering advice when a commission for executing securities transactions pursuant to such advice will be received by the investment advisor representative.