Chapter 580. Underground Storage Tanks: Technical Standards and Corrective Action Requirements
Part I
Definitions, Applicability, and Installation
Requirements for Partially Excluded UST Systems
9VAC25-580-10. Definitions.
The following words and terms when used in this chapter shall have
the following meanings unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
"Aboveground release" means any release to the
surface of the land or to surface water. This includes releases from the aboveground portion of a UST system and aboveground
releases associated with overfills and transfer operations as the regulated
substance moves to or from a UST system.
"Airport hydrant fuel distribution system" or
"airport hydrant system" means an UST system that fuels aircraft and
operates under high pressure with large diameter piping that typically
terminates into one or more hydrants (fill stands). The airport hydrant system
begins where fuel enters one or more tanks from an external source such as a
pipeline, barge, rail car, or other motor fuel carrier.
"Ancillary equipment" means any devices including such devices as piping, fittings, flanges, valves, and
pumps used to distribute, meter, or control the flow of regulated substances to
and from an UST.
"Belowground
release" means any release to the subsurface of the land and to groundwater. This includes
releases from the belowground portions of an underground storage tank system
and belowground releases associated with overfills and transfer operations as
the regulated substance moves to or from an underground storage tank.
"Beneath the surface of the ground" means beneath
the ground surface or otherwise covered with earthen materials.
"Board" means the State Water Control Board.
"Building official" means the executive official of
the local government building department empowered by § 36-105 of the Code
of Virginia to enforce and administer the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building
Code (USBC) (§ 36-97 et seq. of the Code of Virginia).
"Cathodic protection" is a technique to prevent
corrosion of a metal surface by making that surface the cathode of an
electrochemical cell. For example, a tank system can be cathodically protected
through the application of either galvanic anodes or impressed current.
"Cathodic protection tester" means a person who can
demonstrate an understanding of the principles and measurements of all common
types of cathodic protection systems as applied to buried or submerged metal
piping and tank systems. At a minimum, such persons must have education and
experience in soil resistivity, stray current, structure-to-soil potential, and
component electrical isolation measurements of buried metal piping and tank
systems.
"CERCLA" means the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (42 USC § 9601 et
seq.).
"Compatible" means the ability of two or more
substances to maintain their respective physical and chemical properties upon
contact with one another for the design life of the tank system under
conditions likely to be encountered in the UST.
"Connected piping" means all underground piping
including valves, elbows, joints, flanges, and flexible connectors attached to
a tank system through which regulated substances flow. For the purpose of
determining how much piping is connected to any individual UST system, the
piping that joins two UST systems should be allocated equally between them.
"Containment sump" means a liquid-tight
container that protects the environment by containing leaks and spills of
regulated substances from piping, dispensers, pumps, and related components in
the containment area. Containment sumps may be single walled or secondarily
contained and located at the top of the tank (tank top or submersible turbine
pump sump), underneath the dispenser (under-dispenser containment sump), or at
other points in the piping run (transition or intermediate sump).
"Corrosion expert" means a person who, by reason of
thorough knowledge of the physical sciences and the principles of engineering
and mathematics acquired by a professional education and related practical
experience, is qualified to engage in the practice of corrosion control on
buried or submerged metal piping systems and metal tanks. Such a person must be
accredited or certified as being qualified by the National Association of
Corrosion Engineers or be a registered professional engineer who has
certification or licensing that includes education and experience in corrosion
control of buried or submerged metal piping systems and metal tanks.
"De minimis" means trivial and beyond the intent of
regulation, as that term is used at 53 FR 37108-37109.
"Delivery prohibition" is prohibiting the delivery,
deposit, or acceptance of product to an underground storage tank system that
has been determined to be ineligible by the board for such delivery, deposit,
or acceptance.
"Delivery prohibition tag" means a tag, device, or
mechanism on the tank's fill pipes that clearly identifies an underground
storage tank system as ineligible for product delivery. The tag or device is
easily visible to the product deliverer and clearly states and conveys that it
is unlawful to deliver to, deposit into, or accept product into the ineligible
underground storage tank system. The tag, device, or mechanism is generally
tamper resistant.
"Dielectric material" means a material that does not
conduct direct electrical current. Dielectric coatings are used to electrically
isolate UST systems from the surrounding soils. Dielectric bushings are used to
electrically isolate portions of the UST system (e.g., tank from piping).
"Director" means the director of the Department of
Environmental Quality.
"Dispenser" means equipment located aboveground
that dispenses regulated substances from the UST system.
"Dispenser system" means the dispenser and
the equipment necessary to connect the dispenser to the underground storage
tank system.
"Electrical equipment" means underground equipment
that contains dielectric fluid that is necessary for the operation of equipment
such as transformers and buried electrical cable.
"Excavation zone" means the volume containing the
tank system and backfill material bounded by the ground surface, walls, and
floor of the pit and trenches into which the UST system is placed at the time
of installation.
"Existing tank system" means a tank system used to
contain an accumulation of regulated substances or for which installation has
commenced on or before December 22, 1988. Installation is considered to have
commenced if:
1. The owner or operator has obtained all federal, state, and
local approvals or permits necessary to begin physical construction of the site
or installation of the tank system; and if
2. a. Either a continuous onsite physical
construction or installation program has begun; or
b. The owner or operator has entered into contractual
obligations, which cannot be canceled or modified
without substantial loss, for physical construction at the site or installation
of the tank system to be completed within a reasonable time.
"Farm tank" is a tank located on a tract of land
devoted to the production of crops or raising animals, including fish, and
associated residences and improvements. A farm tank must be located on the farm
property. "Farm" includes fish hatcheries, rangeland and nurseries
with growing operations.
"Field-constructed tank" means a tank constructed
in the field. For example, a tank constructed of concrete that is poured in the
field, or a steel or fiberglass tank primarily fabricated in the field is
considered field constructed.
"Flow-through process tank" is a tank that forms an
integral part of a production process through which there is a steady,
variable, recurring, or intermittent flow of materials during the operation of
the process. Flow-through process tanks do not include tanks used for the
storage of materials prior to their introduction into the production process or
for the storage of finished products or by-products from the production
process.
"Free product" refers to a regulated substance that
is present as a nonaqueous phase liquid (e.g., liquid not dissolved in water).
"Gathering lines" means any pipeline, equipment,
facility, or building used in the transportation of oil or gas during oil or
gas production or gathering operations.
"Hazardous substance UST system" means an
underground storage tank system that contains a hazardous substance defined in
§ 101(14) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 (42 USC § 9601 et seq.) (but not including any substance
regulated as a hazardous waste under subtitle C of RCRA) or any mixture of such
substances and petroleum, and which is not a petroleum UST system.
"Heating oil" means petroleum that is No. 1, No. 2,
No. 4-light, No. 4-heavy, No. 5-light, No. 5-heavy, and No. 6 technical grades
of fuel oil; other residual fuel oils (including Navy Special Fuel Oil and
Bunker C); and other fuels when used as substitutes for one of these fuel oils.
Heating oil is typically used in the operation of heating equipment, boilers,
or furnaces.
"Hydraulic lift tank" means a tank holding hydraulic
fluid for a closed-loop mechanical system that uses compressed air or hydraulic
fluid to operate lifts, elevators, and other similar devices.
"Liquid trap" means sumps, well cellars, and other
traps used in association with oil and gas production, gathering, and
extraction operations (including gas production plants), for the purpose of
collecting oil, water, and other liquids. These liquid traps may temporarily
collect liquids for subsequent disposition or reinjection into a production or
pipeline stream, or may collect and separate liquids from a gas stream.
"Maintenance" means the normal operational upkeep to
prevent an underground storage tank system from releasing product.
"Motor fuel" means a complex blend of hydrocarbons
typically used in the operation of a motor engine,
such as motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, No. 1 or No. 2 diesel fuel, or any
blend containing one or more of these substances (for example, motor gasoline
blended with alcohol).
"New tank system" means a tank system that will be
used to contain an accumulation of regulated substances and for which
installation has commenced after December 22, 1988 (See also "existing
tank system").
"Noncommercial purposes" with respect to motor fuel
means not for resale.
"On the premises where stored" with respect to
heating oil means UST systems located on the same property where the stored
heating oil is used.
"Operational life" refers to the period beginning
when installation of the tank system has commenced until the time the tank
system is properly closed under Part VII (9VAC25-580-310 et seq.) of this
chapter.
"Operator" means any person in control of, or having
responsibility for, the daily operation of the UST system.
"Overfill release" is a release that occurs when a
tank is filled beyond its capacity, resulting in a discharge of the regulated
substance to the environment.
"Owner" means:
1. In the case of a UST system in use on November 8, 1984, or
brought into use after that date, any person who owns an UST system used for
storage, use, or dispensing of regulated substances; and
2. In the case of any UST system in use before November 8,
1984, but no longer in use on that date, any person who owned such UST
immediately before the discontinuation of its use.
The term "owner" shall not include any person who,
without participating in the management of an underground storage tank or being
otherwise engaged in petroleum production, refining, and marketing, holds
indicia of ownership primarily to protect the holder's security interest in the
tank.
"Person" means an individual, trust, firm, joint
stock company, corporation, including a government corporation, partnership,
association, any state or agency thereof, municipality, county, town,
commission, political subdivision of a state, any interstate body, consortium,
joint venture, commercial entity, the government of the United States or any
unit or agency thereof.
"Petroleum UST system" means an underground storage
tank system that contains petroleum or a mixture of petroleum with de minimis
quantities of other regulated substances. Such systems include those containing
motor fuels, jet fuels, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants,
petroleum solvents, and used oils.
"Pipe" or "piping" means a hollow cylinder
or tubular conduit that is constructed of nonearthen materials.
"Pipeline facilities (including gathering lines)"
are new and existing pipe rights-of-way and any associated equipment,
facilities, or buildings.
"Product deliverer" is any person who delivers or
deposits product into an underground storage tank.
"RCRA" means the federal Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act of 1976 as amended (42 USC § 6901 et seq.).
"Regulated substance" means an element, compound,
mixture, solution, or substance that, when released into the environment, may
present substantial danger to the public health or welfare, or the environment.
The term "regulated substance" includes:
1. Any substance defined in § 101(14) of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 (42
USC § 9601 et seq.), but not any substance regulated as a hazardous waste under
subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 (42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.); and
2. Petroleum, including crude oil or any fraction thereof, that
is liquid at standard conditions of temperature and pressure (60°F and 14.7
pounds per square inch absolute). The term "regulated substance"
includes petroleum and petroleum-based substances
comprised of a complex blend of hydrocarbons, such as
motor fuels, jet fuels, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants,
petroleum solvents, and used oils.
"Release" means any spilling, leaking, emitting,
discharging, escaping, leaching or disposing from an UST into
groundwater, surface water or subsurface soils.
"Release detection" means determining whether a
release of a regulated substance has occurred from the UST system into the
environment or a leak has occurred into the interstitial space between
the UST system and its secondary barrier or secondary containment around it.
"Repair" means to restore to proper operating
condition a tank, a pipe, spill prevention equipment, overfill
prevention equipment, corrosion protection equipment, release detection
equipment, or other UST system component that has caused a
release of product from the UST system or has failed to function properly.
"Replaced" means:
1. For a tank - to remove a tank and install another tank.
2. For piping - to remove 50% or more of piping and install other
piping, excluding connectors, connected to a single tank. For tanks with
multiple piping runs, this definition applies independently to each piping run.
"Residential tank" is a tank located on property
used primarily for dwelling purposes.
"SARA" means the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986.
"Secondary containment" or "secondarily
contained" means a release prevention and release detection system for
a tank or piping.
This system has an inner and outer barrier with an interstitial space that
is monitored for leaks. This term includes containment sumps when used for
interstitial monitoring of piping.
"Septic tank" is a water-tight covered receptacle
designed to receive or process, through liquid separation or biological
digestion, the sewage discharged from a building sewer. The effluent from such
receptacle is distributed for disposal through the soil, and settled
solids and scum from the tank are pumped out periodically and hauled to a
treatment facility.
"Storm water or wastewater
collection system" means piping, pumps, conduits, and any other equipment
necessary to collect and transport the flow of surface water run-off resulting
from precipitation, or domestic, commercial, or industrial wastewater to and
from retention areas or any areas where treatment is designated to occur. The
collection of storm water and wastewater does not include treatment except
where incidental to conveyance.
"Surface impoundment" is a natural topographic
depression, man-made excavation, or diked area formed primarily of earthen
materials (although it may be lined with man-made materials) that is not an
injection well.
"Tank" is a stationary device designed to contain an
accumulation of regulated substances and constructed of nonearthen materials
(e.g., concrete, steel, plastic) that provide structural support.
"Under-dispenser
containment" or "UDC" means containment underneath a
dispenser system designed to prevent leaks from
the dispenser and piping within or above the UDC from reaching soil or
groundwater.
"Underground area" means an underground room, such
as a basement, cellar, shaft or vault, providing enough space for physical
inspection of the exterior of the tank situated on or above the surface of the
floor.
"Underground release" means any belowground release.
"Underground storage tank" or "UST" means
any one or combination of tanks (including underground pipes connected thereto)
that is used to contain an accumulation of regulated substances, and the volume
of which (including the volume of underground pipes connected thereto) is 10%
or more beneath the surface of the ground. This term does not include any:
1. Farm or residential tank of 1,100 gallons or less capacity
used for storing motor fuel for noncommercial purposes;
2. Tank used for storing heating oil for consumption on the
premises where stored;
3. Septic tank;
4. Pipeline facility (including gathering lines):
a. Regulated under the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968
(49 USC § 1671 et seq.);
b. Regulated under the Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety Act of
1979 (49 USC § 2001 et seq.); or
c. Which is an intrastate pipeline facility regulated under
state laws comparable to the provisions of the law referred to in
subdivision 4 a or 4 b of this definition;
5. Surface impoundment, pit, pond, or lagoon;
6. Storm water or wastewater collection system;
7. Flow-through process tank;
8. Liquid trap or associated gathering lines directly related
to oil or gas production and gathering operations; or
9. Storage tank situated in an underground area (such as a
basement, cellar, mineworking, drift, shaft, or tunnel) if the storage tank is
situated upon or above the surface of the floor.
The term "underground storage tank" or
"UST" does not include any pipes connected to any tank that
is described in subdivisions 1 through 9 of this definition.
"Upgrade" means the addition or retrofit of some
systems such as cathodic protection, lining, or spill and overfill controls to
improve the ability of an underground storage tank system to prevent the
release of product.
"UST system" or "tank system" means an
underground storage tank, connected underground piping, underground ancillary
equipment, and containment system, if any.
"Wastewater treatment tank" means a tank that is
designed to receive and treat an influent wastewater through physical,
chemical, or biological methods.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 1.1, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 12, eff. March 24, 2004; Volume 26,
Issue 25, eff. September 15, 2010; Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
9VAC25-580-20. Applicability.
A. The requirements of this chapter apply to all owners and
operators of an UST system as defined in 9VAC25-580-10 except as otherwise
provided in subsections B and C of this section.
1. Previously deferred UST systems. Airport hydrant fuel
distribution systems, UST systems with field-constructed tanks, and UST systems
that store fuel solely for use by emergency power generators must meet the
requirements of this chapter as follows:
a. Airport hydrant fuel distribution systems and UST
systems with field-constructed tanks must meet the requirements in Part X
(9VAC25-580-380 et seq.) of this chapter.
b. UST systems that store fuel solely for use by emergency
power generators installed before September 15, 2010, must have met all
applicable requirements of this chapter before September 15, 2010, except that
the requirements of Part IV (9VAC25-580-130 et seq.) of this chapter must be
met before January 1, 2021.
c. UST systems that store fuel solely for use by emergency
power generators installed on or after September 15, 2010, must meet all
applicable requirements of this chapter at installation.
2. Any UST system listed in subsection C of this section
must meet the requirements of 9VAC25-580-30.
B. Exclusions. The following UST systems are excluded
from the requirements of this chapter:
1. Any UST system holding hazardous wastes listed or identified
under Subtitle C of the Solid Waste Disposal Act
(42 USC § 6901) or a mixture of such hazardous waste and other regulated
substances.
2. Any wastewater treatment tank system that is part of a
wastewater treatment facility regulated under § 402 or § 307(b) of the Clean
Water Act.
3. Equipment or machinery that contains regulated substances
for operational purposes such as hydraulic lift tanks and electrical equipment
tanks.
4. Any UST system whose capacity is 110 gallons or less.
5. Any UST system that contains a de minimis concentration of
regulated substances.
6. Any emergency spill or overflow containment UST system that
is expeditiously emptied after use.
C. Partial Exclusions. Parts II (9VAC25-580-50
et seq.), III (9VAC25-580-80 et seq.), IV, V (9VAC25-580-190 et
seq.), VII (9VAC25-580-310 et seq.), IX (9VAC25-580-370
et seq.), and X of this chapter do not apply to any of the following types
of UST systems:
1. Wastewater treatment tank systems not covered under
9VAC25-580-20 B 2 of this section;
2. Aboveground storage tanks associated with:
a. Airport hydrant fuel distribution systems regulated
under Part X of this chapter; and
b. UST systems with field-constructed tanks regulated under
Part X of this chapter.
3. Any UST systems containing radioactive material that
are regulated under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 USC § 2011 et seq.);
and
4. Any UST system that is part of an emergency
generator system at nuclear power generation facilities licensed by
the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and subject to Nuclear
Regulatory Commission requirements regarding design and quality criteria,
including 10 CFR Part 50.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 1.2, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 26, Issue 25, eff. September 15, 2010; Volume
34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018; Errata, 34:4 VA.R. 503 October 16, 2017.
9VAC25-580-30. Installation
requirements for partially excluded UST systems.
Owners and operators must install
an UST system listed in subsection C of 9VAC25-580-20
storing regulated substances (whether of
single-wall or double-wall construction) that meets the following
requirements:
1. Will prevent releases due to corrosion or structural failure
for the operational life of the UST system;
2. Is cathodically protected against corrosion, constructed of
noncorrodible material, steel clad with a noncorrodible material, or designed
in a manner to prevent the release or threatened release of any stored
substance; and
3. Is constructed or lined with material that is compatible
with the stored substance.
Note: The following codes of practice may be used as
guidance for complying with this section:
(a) NACE International Standard Practice SP0285, External
Corrosion Control of Underground Storage Tank Systems by Cathodic Protection;
(b) NACE International Standard Practice SP0169, Control of
External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems;
(c) American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 1632,
Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks and Piping Systems;
or
(d) Steel Tank Institute Recommended Practice R892,
Recommended Practice for Corrosion Protection of Underground Piping Networks
Associated with Liquid Storage and Dispensing Systems.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 1.3, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
9VAC25-580-40. Permitting and inspection requirements for all
UST systems.
In all instances of installation, upgrade, repair and closure
where a UST system is constructed, enlarged, altered, repaired or closed all
UST systems must be permitted and inspected in accordance with 9VAC25-580-50,
9VAC25-580-60, 9VAC25-580-110, 9VAC25-580-160, 9VAC25-580-170, 9VAC25-580-310,
9VAC25-580-320, 9VAC25-580-380, and 9VAC25-580-390.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 1.4, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
Part II
UST Systems: Design, Construction, Installation, and Notification
9VAC25-580-50. Performance standards for new UST systems.
In order to prevent releases due to structural failure,
corrosion, or spills and overfills for as long as the UST system is used to
store regulated substances, all owners and operators of new UST systems must
meet the requirements in this section.
Tanks and piping installed or replaced on or after
September 15, 2010, must be secondarily contained and use interstitial
monitoring in accordance with subdivision 7 of 9VAC25-580-160, except for
suction piping that meets the requirements of subdivisions 2 a (2) (a) through
(e) of 9VAC25-580-140. Secondary containment must be able to contain regulated
substances leaked from the primary containment until they are detected and removed
and prevent the release of regulated substances to the environment at any time
during the operational life of the UST system. For cases where the piping is
considered to be replaced, the entire piping run must be secondarily contained.
1. Tanks. Each tank must be properly designed and constructed,
and any portion underground that routinely contains product must be protected
from corrosion, in accordance with a code of practice developed by a nationally
recognized association or independent testing laboratory as specified below:
a. The tank is constructed of fiberglass-reinforced plastic;
NOTE: The following codes of practice
may be used to comply with subdivision 1 a of this section:
(1) Underwriters Laboratories Standard 1316, Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Underground Storage Tanks for Petroleum
Products, Alcohols, and Alcohol-Gasoline Mixtures;
or
(2) Underwriter's Laboratories of Canada S615 Standard for Reinforced Plastic Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids.
b. The tank is constructed of steel and cathodically protected
in the following manner:
(1) The tank is coated with a suitable dielectric material;
(2) Field-installed cathodic protection systems are designed
by a corrosion expert;
(3) Impressed current systems are designed to allow determination
of current operating status as required in subdivision 3 of 9VAC25-580-90; and
(4) Cathodic protection systems are operated and maintained in
accordance with 9VAC25-580-90; or
NOTE: The following codes of practice
may be used to comply with subdivision 1 b of this section:
(a) Steel Tank Institute Specification for STI-P3® Specification and Manual for External
Corrosion Protection of Underground SteelStorage Tanks;
(b) Underwriters Laboratories Standard 1746, External
Corrosion Protection Systems for Steel Underground Storage Tanks;
(c) Underwriters Laboratories of Canada S603,
Standard for Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids,
and S603.1, Standard for
External Corrosion Protection Systems for Steel Underground Tanks
for Flammable and Combustible Liquids, and
S631, Standard for Isolating Bushings for Steel Underground Tanks Protected
with External Corrosion Protection
Systems
(d) Steel Tank Institute Standard F841, Standard for Dual
Wall Underground Steel Storage Tanks; or
(e) NACE International Standard Practice SP0285, External
Corrosion Control of Underground Storage Tank Systems by Cathodic Protection,
and Underwriters Laboratories Standard 58, Standard for Steel Underground Tanks
for Flammable and Combustible Liquids.
c. The tank is constructed of steel and clad or jacketed
with a noncorrodible material; or
NOTE: The following codes of practice
may be used to comply with subdivision 1 c of this section:
(1) Underwriters Laboratories Standard 1746, External
Corrosion Protection Systems for Steel Underground Storage Tanks;
(2) Steel Tank Institute ACT-100® Specification
F894, Specification for External Corrosion Protection of FRP Composite Steel
Underground Storage Tanks;
(3) Steel Tank Institute ACT-100-U®
Specification F961, Specification for External Corrosion Protection of
Composite Steel Underground Storage Tanks; or
(4) Steel Tank Institute Specification F922, Steel Tank
Institute Specification for Permatank®.
d. The tank construction and corrosion protection are
determined by the board to be designed to prevent the release or threatened
release of any stored regulated substance in a manner that is no less
protective of human health and the environment than subdivisions 1 a,
1 b, and 1 c of this section.
2. Piping. The piping that routinely contains regulated
substances and is in contact with the ground must be properly designed,
constructed, and protected from corrosion in accordance with a code of practice
developed by a nationally recognized association or independent testing
laboratory as specified below:
a. The piping is constructed of a noncorrodible material.
NOTE: The following codes of practice
may be used to comply with subdivision 2 a of this section:
(1) Underwriters Laboratories Standard
971, Nonmetallic Underground Piping for Flammable Liquids;
or
(2) Underwriters Laboratories of Canada
Standard S660, Standard for Nonmetallic Underground Piping for Flammable and
Combustible Liquids.
b. The piping is constructed of steel and cathodically
protected in the following manner:
(1) The piping is coated with a suitable dielectric material;
(2) Field-installed cathodic protection systems are designed
by a corrosion expert;
(3) Impressed current systems are designed to allow
determination of current operating status as required in subdivision 3 of
9VAC25-580-90; and
(4) Cathodic protection systems are operated and maintained in
accordance with 9VAC25-580-90; or
NOTE: The following codes of practice
may be used to comply with subdivision 2 b of this section:
(a) American Petroleum Institute
Recommended Practice 1632, Cathodic Protection of
Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks and Piping Systems;
(b) Underwriters Laboratories Subject 971A, Outline of
Investigation for Metallic Underground Fuel Pipe;
(c) Steel Tank Institute Recommended Practice R892,
Recommended Practice for Corrosion Protection of Underground Piping Networks
Associated with Liquid Storage and Dispensing Systems;
(d) NACE International Standard Practice SP0169, Control of
External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems; or
(e) NACE International Standard Practice SP0285, External
Corrosion Control of Underground Storage Tank Systems by Cathodic Protection.
c. The piping construction and corrosion protection are
determined by the board to be designed to prevent the release or threatened
release of any stored regulated substance in a manner that is no less
protective of human health and the environment than the requirements in
subdivisions 2 a and 2 b of this section.
3. Spill and overfill prevention equipment.
a. Except as provided in subdivisions
3 b and 3 c of this section, to prevent spilling and overfilling
associated with product transfer to the UST system, owners and operators must
use the following spill and overfill prevention equipment:
(1) Spill prevention equipment that will prevent release of
product to the environment when the transfer hose is detached from the fill
pipe (for example, a spill catchment basin); and
(2) Overfill prevention equipment that will:
(a) Automatically shut off flow into the tank when the tank is
no more than 95% full;
(b) Alert the transfer operator when the tank is no more than
90% full by restricting the flow into the tank or triggering a high-level
alarm; or
(c) Restrict the flow 30 minutes prior to overfilling, alert
the transfer operator with a high level alarm one minute before
overfilling, or automatically shut off flow into the tank so that none of the
fittings located on top of the tank are exposed to product due to overfilling.
b. Owners and operators are not required to use the spill and
overfill prevention equipment specified in subdivision 3 a of this section if:
(1) Alternative equipment is used that is determined by the
board to be no less protective of human health and the environment than the
equipment specified in subdivision 3 a (1) or 3 a (2) of this section;
or
(2) The UST system is filled by transfers of no more than 25
gallons at one time.
c. Flow restrictors used in vent lines may not be used to
comply with subdivision 3 a (2) of this section when overfill protection is
installed or replaced on or after January 1, 2018.
d. Spill and overfill protection equipment must be
periodically tested or inspected in accordance with 9VAC25-580-82.
4. Installation.
a. The UST system must be properly installed in
accordance with a code of practice developed by a nationally recognized
association or independent testing laboratory and in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
b. Owners and operators must obtain a permit and the
required inspections in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia Uniform
Statewide Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq. of the Code of Virginia). No UST
system shall be installed or placed into use without the owner and operator
having obtained the required permit and inspections from the building official under
the provisions of the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code.
In the case of state-owned facilities, the Department of
General Services shall function as the building official in accordance with §
36-98.1 of the Code of Virginia.
In the case of federal facilities, the building official
must be contacted. Owners and operators must obtain a permit and the required
inspections must be issued in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia
Uniform Statewide Building Code.
NOTE: Tank and piping system installation practices and
procedures described in the following codes of practice may be used to
comply with the requirements of subdivision 4 of this section:
(1) American Petroleum Institute Publication
1615, Installation of Underground Petroleum Storage System;
(2) Petroleum Equipment Institute Publication
RP100, Recommended Practices for Installation of Underground
Liquid Storage Systems; or
(3) National Fire Protection Association Standard 30,
Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code and Standard 30A, Code for Motor Fuel
Dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages.
NOTE: These industry codes require that prior to bringing the
system into use the following tests be performed: (i) tank tightness test
(air); (ii) pipe tightness test (air or hydrostatic); and (iii) precision
system test.
5. Certification of installation. All owners and operators must
ensure that one or more of the following methods
of certification, testing, or inspection in subdivisions 5 a through 5 d of
this section is performed, and a permit
has been issued in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia Uniform
Statewide Building Code to demonstrate compliance with subdivision 4 of this
section. A certification of compliance on the UST Notification form must be
submitted to the board in accordance with 9VAC25-580-70.
a. The installer has been certified by the tank and piping
manufacturers;
b. The installation has been inspected and certified by a
registered professional engineer with education and experience in UST system
installation;
c. All work listed in the manufacturer's installation
checklists has been completed; or
d. The owner and operator have complied with another method
for ensuring compliance with subdivision 4 of this section that is determined
by the board to be no less protective of human health and the environment.
6. Release detection. Release detection shall be provided in
accordance with Part IV (9VAC25-580-130 et seq.) of this chapter.
7. Dispenser systems. Each UST system must be equipped with
under-dispenser containment for any new dispenser system installed on or after
September 15, 2010.
a. A dispenser system is considered new when both the
dispenser and the equipment needed to connect the dispenser to the underground
storage tank system are installed at an UST facility. The equipment necessary
to connect the dispenser to the underground storage tank system includes check
valves, shear valves, unburied risers or flexible connectors, or other
transitional components that are underneath the dispenser and connect the
dispenser to the underground piping.
b. Under-dispenser containment must be liquid-tight on its
sides, bottom, and at any penetrations. Under-dispenser containment must allow
for visual inspection and access to the components in the containment system or
be periodically monitored for leaks from the dispenser system.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 2.1, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 12, eff. March 24, 2004; Volume 26,
Issue 25, eff. September 15, 2010; Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018;
Errata, 34:4 VA.R. 503 October 16, 2017.
9VAC25-580-60. Upgrading of existing UST systems.
Owners and operators must permanently close in accordance
with Part VII (9VAC25-580-310 et seq.) of this chapter any UST system that does
not meet the new UST system performance standards in 9VAC25-580-50 or has not
been upgraded in accordance with subdivisions 2, 3, and 4 of this section. This
does not apply to previously deferred UST systems described in Part X
(9VAC25-580-380 et seq.) of this chapter and where an upgrade is determined to
be appropriate by the board.
Owners and operators must obtain a permit and the required
inspections in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia Uniform Statewide
Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq. of the Code of Virginia).
A permit from the building official must be obtained prior to
upgrading any UST system. No upgraded UST system shall be placed into use
unless and until the system is inspected in accordance with the provisions of
the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq. of the Code of
Virginia).
In the case of state-owned facilities, the Department of
General Services shall function as the building official in accordance with §
36-98.1 of the Code of Virginia.
In the case of federal facilities the building official must
be contacted. Owners and operators must obtain a permit and the required
inspections in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia Uniform Statewide
Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq. of the Code of Virginia).
1. Alternatives allowed. All existing UST systems must comply with one of the following
requirements:
a. New UST system performance standards under 9VAC25-580-50;
b. The upgrading requirements in subdivisions
2, 3, and 4 of this section; or
c. Closure requirements under Part VII of this chapter,
including applicable requirements for corrective action under Part VI (9VAC25-580-230
et seq.) of this chapter.
2. Tank upgrading requirements. Steel tanks must be upgraded to
meet one of the following requirements in accordance with a code of practice
developed by a nationally recognized association or independent testing
laboratory:
a. Interior lining. Tanks upgraded
by internal lining must meet the following:
(1) The lining was installed in accordance
with the requirements of 9VAC25-580-110; and
(2) Within 10 years after lining, and every five years
thereafter, the lined tank is internally inspected and found to be structurally
sound with the lining still performing in accordance with original design
specifications. If the internal lining is no longer performing in accordance
with original design specifications and cannot be repaired in accordance with a
code of practice developed by a nationally recognized association or
independent testing laboratory, then the lined tank must be permanently closed
in accordance with Part VII of this chapter.
b. Cathodic protection. Tanks
upgraded by cathodic protection must
meet the requirements of 9VAC25-580-50 1 b (2), (3), and (4) and the
integrity of the tank must have been ensured using one of the
following methods:
(1) The tank was internally inspected and
assessed to ensure that the tank was structurally sound and
free of corrosion holes prior to installing the cathodic protection system;
(2) The tank had been installed for less
than 10 years and is monitored monthly for releases in accordance with
subdivisions 4 through 9 of 9VAC25-580-160;
(3) The tank had been installed for less
than 10 years and was assessed for corrosion holes by
conducting two tightness tests that meet the requirements of subdivision
3 of 9VAC25-580-160. The first tightness test must have been
conducted prior to installing the cathodic protection system. The second
tightness test must have been conducted between three and six
months following the first operation of the cathodic protection system; or
(4) The tank was assessed for corrosion holes
by a method that is determined by the board to prevent releases in a manner
that is no less protective of human health and the environment than
subdivisions 2 b (1), (2), and (3) of this section.
c. Internal lining combined with cathodic protection. Tanks upgraded by both internal lining and cathodic
protection must meet the following:
(1) The lining was installed in accordance
with the requirements of 9VAC25-580-110; and
(2) The cathodic protection system meets the requirements of
subdivisions 1 b (2), (3), and (4) of 9VAC25-580-50.
NOTE: The following historical codes of practice were listed as options for complying
with subdivision 2 of this section:
(a) American Petroleum Institute Publication 1631, Recommended
Practice for the Interior Lining of Existing Steel Underground Storage Tanks;
(b) National Leak Prevention Association Standard 631, Spill
Prevention, Minimum 10 Year Life Extension of Existing Steel Underground Tanks
by Lining Without the Addition of Cathodic Protection;
(c) National Association of Corrosion Engineers Standard
RP-02-85, Control of External Corrosion on Metallic Buried,
Partially Buried, or Submerged Liquid Storage Systems; and
(d) American Petroleum Institute Recommended
Practice 1632, Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum
Storage Tanks and Piping Systems.
NOTE: The following codes of practice may be used to comply
with the periodic lining inspection requirement in subdivision 2 a (2) of this
section:
(a) American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 1631,
Interior Lining and Periodic Inspection of Underground Storage Tanks;
(b) National Leak Prevention Association Standard 631,
Chapter B Future Internal Inspection Requirements for Lined Tanks; or
(c) Ken Wilcox Associates Recommended Practice, Recommended
Practice for Inspecting Buried Lined Steel Tanks Using a Video Camera.
3. Piping upgrading requirements. Metal piping that routinely
contains regulated substances and is in contact with the ground must be
cathodically protected in accordance with a code of practice developed by a
nationally recognized association or independent testing laboratory and must
meet the requirements of subdivisions 2 b (2), (3) and (4) of 9VAC25-580-50.
NOTE: The codes of practice listed
in the note following subdivision 2 b of 9VAC25-580-50 may be used to comply
with this requirement.
4. Spill and overfill prevention equipment. To prevent spilling
and overfilling associated with product transfer to the UST system, all
existing UST systems must comply with UST system spill and overfill
prevention equipment requirements specified in subdivision
3 of 9VAC25-580-50.
5. Release detection. Release detection shall be provided in
accordance with Part IV (9VAC25-580-130 et seq.) of this chapter.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 2.2, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018; Errata,
34:4 VA.R. 503 October 16, 2017.
9VAC25-580-70. Notification requirements.
A. After May 8, 1986, an owner must submit
notice of a tank system's existence to the board within 30 days of bringing
the underground storage tank system into use. Owners must use a UST
Notification form approved by the board.
B. Any change in ownership, tank status, tank/piping systems,
or substance stored requires the UST owner to submit an amended notification form,
or other documentation approved by the board, within 30 days after such
change or upgrade occurs or is brought into use. Owners may provide
notice for several tanks using one notification form, but owners with tanks
located at more than one place of operation must file a separate notification
form for each separate place of operation.
C. Under Virginia UST notification
requirements effective July 1, 1987, owners of property who have actual
knowledge of underground storage tanks on such property that were taken out of
service before January 1, 1974, yet are still in the ground, must notify
the board on the notification form.
NOTE: Under the federal UST Notification Program, owners and
operators of UST systems that were in the ground on or after May 8, 1986,
unless taken out of operation on or before January 1, 1974, were required to
notify the board in accordance with the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of
1984, P.L. 98-616 (42 USC § 9603), on a form published by EPA on November 8,
1985, (50 FR 46602) unless notice was given pursuant to § 103(c) of CERCLA.
Owners and operators who have not complied with the notification requirements
may use portions I through VI of the UST Notification form approved by the board.
D. All owners and operators of new UST systems must certify in
the notification form compliance with the following requirements:
1. Installation of tanks and piping under subdivision
5 of 9VAC25-580-50.
2. Cathodic protection of steel tanks and piping under
subdivisions 1 and 2 of 9VAC25-580-50.
3. Financial responsibility under financial responsibility
regulations promulgated by the board under 9VAC25-590.
4. Release detection under 9VAC25-580-140 and 9VAC25-580-150.
E. All owners and operators of new UST systems must ensure
that the installer certifies in the notification form that the methods used to
install the tanks and piping comply with the requirements in subdivision
4 of 9VAC25-580-50.
F. Beginning October 24, 1988, any person who sells a tank
intended to be used as an underground storage tank must notify the purchaser of
such tank of the owner's notification obligations under subsection A of this
section. The statement provided in the
following note, when used on shipping tickets and invoices, may be used to
comply with this requirement:
NOTE: A federal law (the Solid Waste Disposal Act, 42 USC §
6901 et seq.) requires owners of certain underground storage tanks to notify
implementing agencies of the existence of their tanks. Notifications must be
made within 30 days of bringing the tank into use. Consult EPA's regulations at
40 CFR 280.22 to determine if you are affected by this law.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 2.3, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018; Errata,
34:4 VA.R. 503 October 16, 2017.
Part III
General Operating Requirements
9VAC25-580-80. Spill and overfill control.
A. Owners and operators must ensure that releases due to
spilling or overfilling do not occur. The owner and operator must ensure that
the volume available in the tank is greater than the volume of product to be
transferred to the tank before the transfer is made and that the transfer
operation is monitored constantly to prevent overfilling and spilling.
NOTE: The transfer procedures described in National Fire
Protection Association Standard 385 Standard for
Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible Liquids or American Petroleum
Institute Recommended Practice 1007, Loading and Unloading of MC 306/DOT 406 Cargo
Tank Motor Vehicles may be used to comply with this subsection. Further guidance on spill and overfill prevention appears
in American Petroleum Institute, Recommended
Practice 1621, Bulk Liquid Stock Control at Retail Outlets.
B. The owner and operator must report, investigate, and clean
up any spills and overfills in accordance with 9VAC25-580-220.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 3.1, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
9VAC25-580-82. Periodic testing of spill prevention equipment
and containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring of piping and periodic
inspection of overfill prevention equipment.
A. Owners and operators of UST systems with spill and
overfill prevention equipment and containment sumps used for interstitial
monitoring of piping must meet these requirements to ensure the equipment is
operating properly and will prevent releases to the environment:
1. Spill prevention equipment (such as a catchment basin,
spill bucket, or other spill containment device) and containment sumps used for
interstitial monitoring of piping must prevent releases to the environment by
meeting one of the following:
a. The equipment is double walled and the integrity of both
walls is periodically monitored as described in 9VAC25-580-85 A 1 a (1) at a
frequency not less than the frequency of the walkthrough inspections described
in 9VAC25-580-85. Within 30 days of discontinuing periodic monitoring under
this subdivision, owners and operators must conduct a test in accordance
with subdivision A 1 b of this section and begin meeting the requirements
of that subdivision; or
b. The spill prevention equipment and containment sumps
used for interstitial monitoring of piping are tested at least once every three
years to ensure the equipment is liquid tight by using vacuum, pressure, or
liquid testing in accordance with one of the following criteria:
(1) Requirements developed by the manufacturer (Note:
Owners and operators may use this option only if the manufacturer has developed
requirements);
(2) Code of practice developed by a nationally recognized
association or independent testing laboratory; or
(3) Requirements determined by the board to be no less
protective of human health and the environment than the requirements listed in
subdivisions A 1 b (1) and (2) of this section.
2. Overfill prevention equipment must be inspected at least
once every three years. At a minimum, the inspection must ensure that overfill
prevention equipment is set to activate at the correct level specified in
subdivision 3 of 9VAC25-580-50 and will activate when regulated substance
reaches that level. Inspections must be conducted in accordance with one of the
criteria in subdivisions 1 b (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection.
NOTE: The following code of practice may be used to comply
with subdivisions A 1 b and A 2 of this section: Petroleum Equipment Institute
Publication RP 1200, Recommended Practices for the Testing and
Verification of Spill, Overfill, Leak Detection and Secondary Containment
Equipment at UST Facilities.
B. Owners and operators must begin meeting these
requirements as follows:
1. For UST systems in use before January 1, 2018, the
initial spill prevention equipment test, containment sump test, and overfill
prevention equipment inspection must be conducted not later than January 1,
2021.
2. For UST systems brought into use on or after January 1,
2018, these requirements apply at installation.
C. Owners and operators must maintain records as follows in
accordance with 9VAC25-580-120 for spill prevention equipment, containment
sumps used for interstitial monitoring of piping, and overfill prevention
equipment:
1. All records of testing or inspection must be maintained
for three years; and
2. For spill prevention equipment and containment sumps used
for interstitial monitoring of piping not tested every three years,
documentation showing that the prevention equipment is double walled and the
integrity of both walls is periodically monitored must be maintained for as
long as the equipment is periodically monitored.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC §
6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff.
January 1, 2018; Errata, 34:4 VA.R. 503 October 16, 2017.
9VAC25-580-85. Periodic operation and maintenance walkthrough
inspections.
A. To properly operate and maintain UST systems, not later
than January 1, 2021, owners and operators must meet one of the following:
1. Conduct a walkthrough inspection that, at a minimum,
checks the following equipment as specified below:
a. Every 30 days (Exception: spill prevention equipment at
UST systems receiving deliveries at intervals greater than every 30 days may be
checked prior to each delivery):
(1) Spill prevention equipment – visually check for damage;
remove liquid or debris; check for and remove obstructions in the fill pipe;
check the fill cap to make sure it is securely on the fill pipe; and, for
double walled spill prevention equipment with interstitial monitoring, check
for a leak in the interstitial area; and
(2) Release detection equipment – check to make sure the
release detection equipment is operating with no alarms or other unusual
operating conditions present and ensure records of release detection testing
are reviewed and current; and
b. Annually:
(1) Containment sumps – visually check for damage, leaks to
the containment area, or releases to the environment; remove liquid (in
contained sumps) or debris; and, for double walled sumps with interstitial
monitoring, check for a leak in the interstitial area; and
(2) Handheld release detection equipment – check devices
such as tank gauge sticks or groundwater bailers for operability and
serviceability;
2. Conduct operation and maintenance walkthrough inspections
according to a standard code of practice developed by a nationally recognized
association or independent testing laboratory that checks equipment comparable
to subdivision 1 of this subsection; or
3. Conduct operation and maintenance walkthrough inspections
according to a protocol developed by the board that checks equipment comparable
to subdivision 1 of this subsection.
B. Owners and operators must maintain records (in
accordance with 9VAC25-580-120) of operation and maintenance walkthrough
inspections for one year. Records must include a list of each area checked,
whether each area checked was acceptable or needed action taken, a description
of actions taken to correct an issue, and delivery records if spill prevention
equipment is checked less frequently than every 30 days due to infrequent
deliveries.
NOTE: The following code of practice may be used to comply
with subdivision A 2 of this section: Petroleum Equipment Institute Recommended
Practice RP 900, Recommended Practices for the Inspection and Maintenance of
UST Systems.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC §
6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff.
January 1, 2018; Errata, 34:4 VA.R. 503 October 16, 2017.
9VAC25-580-90. Operation and maintenance of corrosion
protection.
All owners and operators of metal UST
systems with corrosion protection must comply with the following requirements
to ensure that releases due to corrosion are prevented until
the UST system is permanently
closed or undergoes a change-in-service pursuant to 9VAC25-580-320:
1. All corrosion protection systems must be operated and
maintained to continuously provide corrosion protection to the metal components
of that portion of the tank and piping that routinely contain regulated
substances and are in contact with the ground.
2. All UST systems equipped with cathodic protection systems
must be inspected for proper operation by a qualified cathodic protection
tester in accordance with the following requirements:
a. Frequency. All cathodic protection systems must be tested
within six months of installation and at least every three years thereafter;
and
b. Inspection criteria. The criteria that are used to
determine that cathodic protection is adequate as required by this section must
be in accordance with a code of practice developed by a nationally recognized
association.
NOTE: The following codes
of practice may be used to comply with subdivision 2 of this
section:
(1) NACE International Test Method TM0101, Measurement
Techniques Related to Criteria for Cathodic Protection of Underground Storage
Tank Systems;
(2) NACE International Test Method TM0497, Measurement
Techniques Related to Criteria for Cathodic Protection on Underground or
Submerged Metallic Piping Systems;
(3) Steel Tank Institute Recommended Practice R051,
Cathodic Protection Testing Procedures for STI-P3® USTs;
(4) NACE International Standard Practice SP0285, External
Control of Underground Storage Tank Systems by Cathodic Protection; or
(5) NACE International Standard Practice SP0169, Control of
External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems.
3. UST systems with impressed current cathodic protection
systems must also be inspected every 60 days to ensure the equipment is running
properly. These systems only provide the necessary corrosion protection when in
continuous operation. Such equipment shall be installed so that it cannot be
inadvertently shut off.
4. For UST systems using cathodic protection, records of the
operation of the cathodic protection must be maintained (in accordance with
9VAC25-580-120) to demonstrate compliance with the performance standards in
this section. These records must provide the following:
a. The results of the last three inspections required in
subdivision 3 of this section; and
b. The results of testing from the last two inspections
required in subdivision 2 of this section.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 3.2, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
9VAC25-580-100. Compatibility.
A. Owners and operators must use an UST system made of
or lined with materials that are compatible with the substance stored in the
UST system.
B. Owners and operators must notify the board at least 30 days
prior to switching to a regulated substance containing greater than 10%
ethanol, greater than 20% biodiesel, or any other regulated substance
identified by the board. In addition, owners and operators with UST systems
storing these regulated substances must meet one of the following:
1. Demonstrate compatibility of the UST system, including
the tank, piping, containment sumps, pumping equipment, release detection
equipment, spill equipment, and overfill equipment. Owners and operators may
demonstrate compatibility of the UST system by using one of the following
options:
a. Certification or listing of UST system equipment or
components by a nationally recognized, independent testing laboratory for use
with the regulated substance stored; or
b. Equipment or component manufacturer approval. The
manufacturer's approval must be in writing, indicate an affirmative statement
of compatibility, specify the range of biofuel blends the equipment or
component is compatible with, and be from the equipment or component
manufacturer; or
2. Use another option determined by the board to be no less
protective of human health and the environment than the options listed in
subdivision 1 of this subsection.
C. Owners and operators must maintain records in accordance
with subdivision 2 of 9VAC25-580-120 documenting compliance with subsection B
of this section for as long as the UST system is used to store the regulated
substance.
NOTE: The
following code of practice may be useful in complying with this section:
American Petroleum Institute Recommended
Practice 1626, Storing and Handling Ethanol and
Gasoline-Ethanol Blends at Distribution Terminals and Filling
Stations.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 3.3, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
9VAC25-580-110. Repairs allowed.
Owners and operators must obtain a permit and the required
inspections in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia Uniform Statewide
Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq. of the Code of Virginia).
A permit from the building official must be obtained prior to
repairing any UST system. No repaired UST system shall be placed into use
unless and until the system is inspected in accordance with the provisions of
the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq. of the Code of
Virginia).
In the case of state-owned facilities the Department of
General Services shall function as the building official in accordance with §
36-98.1 of the Code of Virginia.
In the case of federal facilities the building official must
be contacted. Owners and operators must obtain a permit and the required
inspections in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia Uniform Statewide
Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq. of the Code of Virginia).
Owners and operators of UST systems must ensure that repairs
will prevent releases due to structural failure or corrosion as long as the UST
system is used to store regulated substances. The repairs must meet the
following requirements:
1. Repairs to UST systems must be properly conducted in
accordance with a code of practice developed by a nationally recognized
association or an independent testing laboratory.
NOTE: The following codes of practice
may be used to comply with subdivision 1 of this section:
a. National Fire Protection Association Standard 30, Flammable
and Combustible Liquids Code;
b. American Petroleum Institute Recommended
Practice RP 2200, Repairing Crude Oil, Liquefied Petroleum
Gas, and Product Pipelines;
c. American Petroleum Institute Recommended
Practice RP 1631, Interior Lining
and Periodic Inspection of Underground Storage
Tanks;
d. National Fire Protection Association Standard 326,
Standard for the Safeguarding of Tanks and Containers for Entry, Cleaning, or
Repair;
e. National Leak Prevention Association Standard 631, Chapter A,
Entry, Cleaning, Interior Inspection, Repair, and Lining of Underground Storage
Tanks;
f. Steel Tank Institute Recommended Practice R972,
Recommended Practice for the Addition of Supplemental Anodes to STI-P3®
Tanks;
g. NACE International Standard Practice SP 0285, External
Control of Underground Storage Tank Systems by Cathodic Protection; or
h. Fiberglass Tank and Pipe Institute Recommended Practice
T-95-02, Remanufacturing of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Underground
Storage Tanks.
2. Repairs to fiberglass-reinforced plastic tanks may be made
by the manufacturer's authorized representatives or in accordance with a code
of practice developed by a nationally recognized association or an independent
testing laboratory.
3. Metal pipe sections and fittings that have released product
as a result of corrosion or other damage must be replaced. Noncorrodible
pipes and fittings may be repaired in accordance with the manufacturer's
specifications.
4. Repairs to secondary containment areas of tanks and
piping used for interstitial monitoring and to containment sumps used for
interstitial monitoring of piping must have the secondary containment tested
for tightness according to the manufacturer's instructions, a code of practice
developed by a nationally recognized association or independent testing
laboratory, or according to requirements established by the board within 30
days following the date of completion of the repair.
5. All other repairs to tanks and piping
must be tightness tested in accordance with subdivision
3 of 9VAC25-580-160 and subdivision 2 of 9VAC25-580-170 within 30 days
following the date of the completion of the repair except as provided below:
a. The repaired tank is internally inspected in accordance
with a code of practice developed by a nationally recognized association or an
independent testing laboratory;
b. The repaired portion of the UST system is monitored monthly
for releases in accordance with a method specified in subdivisions
4 through 9 of 9VAC25-580-160; or
c. Another test method is used that is determined by the board
to be no less protective of human health and the environment than those listed
in subdivisions a and b of this subdivision 5.
NOTE: The following codes of practice may be used to comply
with subdivisions 4 and 5 of this section:
(1) Steel Tank Institute Recommended Practice R012,
Recommended Practice for Interstitial Tightness Testing of Existing Underground
Double Wall Steel Tanks; or
(2) Fiberglass Tank and Pipe Institute Protocol, Field Test
Protocol for Testing the Annular Space of Installed Underground Fiberglass
Double and Triple-Wall Tanks With Dry Annular Space.
(3) Petroleum Equipment Institute Recommended Practice
RP1200, Recommended Practices for the Testing and Verification of Spill,
Overfill, Leak Detection and Secondary Containment Equipment at UST Facilities.
6. Within six months following the repair of
any cathodically protected UST system, the cathodic protection system must be
tested in accordance with subdivisions 2 and 3 of 9VAC25-580-90 to ensure that
it is operating properly.
7. Within 30 days following any repair to spill or overflow
prevention equipment, the repaired spill or overflow prevention equipment must
be tested or inspected as appropriate, in accordance with 9VAC25-580-82 to
ensure it is operating properly.
8. UST system owners and operators must
maintain records in accordance with 9VAC25-580-120 of each repair until the UST system is
permanently closed or undergoes a change-in-service pursuant to 9VAC25-580-320.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 3.4, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
9VAC25-580-120. Reporting and recordkeeping.
Owners and operators of UST systems must cooperate fully with
inspections, monitoring and testing conducted by the board, as well as requests
for document submission, testing, and monitoring by the owner or operator
pursuant to § 9005 of Subtitle I of the
Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended.
1. Reporting. Owners and operators must submit the following information
to the board:
a. Notification for all UST systems (9VAC25-580-70), which
includes certification of installation for new UST systems (subdivision 5 of
9VAC25-580-50) and notification when any person assumes ownership of
an UST system (9VAC25-580-70);
b. Notification prior to UST systems switching to certain
regulated substances (subsection B of 9VAC25-580-100);
c. Reports of all releases including suspected releases
(9VAC25-580-190), spills and overfills (9VAC25-580-220), and confirmed releases
(9VAC25-580-240);
d. Corrective actions planned or taken
including initial abatement measures (9VAC25-580-250), site characterization
(9VAC25-580-260), free product removal (9VAC25-580-270), and corrective action
plan (9VAC25-580-280); and
e. An amended notification form must be
submitted within 30 days after permanent closure or change-in-service
(9VAC25-580-320).
2. Recordkeeping. Owners and operators must maintain the
following information:
a. Documentation of operation of corrosion protection equipment
(subdivision 4 of 9VAC25-580-90);
b. Documentation of compatibility for UST systems
(subsection C of 9VAC25-580-100);
c. Documentation of UST system repairs (subdivision
8 of 9VAC25-580-110);
d. Documentation of compliance and
applicable installation records for spill and overfill prevention equipment and
containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring of piping (subsection C of
9VAC25-580-82);
e. Documentation of periodic walkthrough inspections
(subsection B of 9VAC25-580-85);
f. Documentation of compliance with release detection
requirements (9VAC25-580-180);
g. Results of the site investigation
conducted at permanent closure (9VAC25-580-350); and
h. Documentation of operator training
required by 9VAC25-580-125, including verification of training for current
Class A, Class B, and Class C operators, and current list of operators and
written instructions or procedures for Class C operators
(9VAC25-580-125).
3. Availability and maintenance of records. Owners and
operators must keep the records required either:
a. At the UST site and immediately available for inspection by
the board; or
b. At a readily available alternative site and be provided for
inspection to the board upon request.
In the case of permanent closure records required under
9VAC25-580-350, owners and operators are also provided with the additional
alternative of mailing closure records to the board if they cannot be kept at
the site or an alternative site as indicated above.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 3.5, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 26, Issue 25, eff. September 15, 2010; Volume
34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
9VAC25-580-125. Operator training.
A. Definitions.
1. For purposes of this section, "Class A operator"
means an operator who has primary responsibility to operate and maintain the
underground storage tank system and facility. The Class A operator's
responsibilities include managing resources and personnel, such as establishing
work assignments, to achieve and maintain compliance with regulatory
requirements. In general, Class A operators focus on the broader aspects of the
underground storage tank statutory and regulatory requirements and standards
necessary to properly operate and maintain the underground storage tank system
and facility.
2. For purposes of this section, "Class B operator"
means an operator who implements applicable underground storage tank regulatory
requirements and standards in the field or at the underground storage tank
facility. A Class B operator oversees and implements the day-to-day aspects of
operations, maintenance, and recordkeeping for the underground storage tanks at
one or more facilities.
3. For purposes of this section, "Class C operator"
means the person responsible for responding to alarms or other indications of
emergencies caused by spills or releases from underground storage tank systems
and equipment failures. A Class C operator, generally, is the first line of
response to events indicating emergency conditions.
B. Requirements for trained operators.
1. Owners and operators of UST systems shall designate Class A,
Class B, and Class C operators for each UST system or facility that has
underground storage tanks.
a. A person may be designated for more than one class of
operator.
b. Any person designated for more than one class of operator
shall successfully complete the required training under subsection C of this
section for each operator class for which he is designated.
c. Persons trained in accordance with subsection C of this
section may perform operator duties consistent with their training when
employed or contracted by the tank owner or operator to perform these
functions.
2.
Class A operators shall be familiar with training requirements for each class
of operator and may provide required training for Class C operators.
3. Class B operators shall be familiar with
Class B and Class C operator responsibilities and may provide training for
Class C operators.
4. Trained operators shall be readily
available to respond to suspected/confirmed releases, other unusual operating
conditions and equipment shut-offs or failures.
a. The Class A or Class B operator shall be available for
immediate telephone consultation when an UST facility is in operation. A Class
A or Class B operator shall be able to be onsite at the facility within a
reasonable time to perform necessary functions.
b. For manned facilities, a Class C operator shall be onsite
whenever the UST facility is in operation. After September 15, 2010, written
instructions or procedures shall be maintained and visible at manned UST
facilities for persons performing duties of the Class C operator to follow and
to provide notification necessary in the event of emergency conditions.
c. For unmanned facilities, a Class C operator shall be
available for immediate telephone consultation and shall be able to be onsite
within a reasonable time to perform necessary functions. Emergency contact
information shall be prominently displayed at the site. After September 15,
2010, written instructions or procedures shall be maintained and visible
at unmanned UST facilities for persons performing duties of the Class C
operator to follow and to provide notification necessary in the event of emergency
conditions.
C. Required training.
1. Class A operators shall successfully complete a training
course approved by the board that includes a general knowledge of UST system
requirements. Training shall provide information that should enable the operator
to make informed decisions regarding compliance and ensuring that appropriate
persons are fulfilling operation, maintenance, and recordkeeping requirements
and standards of this chapter and/or federal underground storage tank
requirements in 40 CFR Part 280 (relating to technical standards and corrective
action requirements for owners and operators of underground storage tanks
(UST)), including, at a minimum, the following:
a. Spill and overfill prevention;
b. Release detection and related reporting requirements;
c. Corrosion protection;
d. Emergency response;
e. Product and equipment compatibility;
f. Financial responsibility;
g. Notification and storage tank registration requirements;
h. Temporary and permanent closure requirements; and
i. Class B and Class C operator training requirements.
2. Class B operators shall successfully complete a training
course approved by the board that includes an in-depth understanding of
operation and maintenance aspects of UST systems and related regulatory requirements.
Training shall provide specific information on the components of UST systems,
materials of construction, methods of release detection and release prevention
applied to UST systems and components. Training shall address operation and
maintenance requirements of this chapter and/or federal underground storage
tank requirements in 40 CFR Part 280, including, at a minimum, the following:
a. Spill and overfill prevention;
b. Release detection and related reporting requirements;
c. Corrosion protection and related testing;
d. Emergency response;
e. Product and equipment compatibility;
f. Reporting and recordkeeping requirements; and
g. Class C operator training requirements.
3. Class C operators. At a minimum, training provided by the
tank owner or Class A or Class B operator shall enable the Class C operator to
take action in response to emergencies caused by spills or releases and alarms
from an underground storage tank. Training shall include written instructions
or procedures for the Class C operator to follow and to provide notification
necessary in the event of emergency conditions.
4. Successful completion for Class A and Class B operators
means completion of the entire training course and demonstration of knowledge
of the course material as follows:
a. Receipt of a passing grade (a score of 80% or better) on an
examination of material presented in the training course, or demonstration
through practical (hands-on) application to the trainer of operation and
maintenance checks of underground storage tank equipment, including performance
of release detection at the UST facility, at the conclusion of onsite training;
and
b. Receipt of a training certificate by an approved trainer
upon verification of successful completion of training under this section.
5. Reciprocity. The board may also recognize successful
completion of Class A and Class B operator training on regulatory standards
consistent with 40 CFR Part 280, which is recognized by other state or
implementing agencies and which is approved by EPA as meeting operator training
grant guidelines published by EPA.
6. The tank owner and operator shall incur the costs of the
training.
D. Timing of training.
1. An owner and operator shall ensure that Class A, Class B and
Class C operators are trained as soon as practicable after September 15, 2010,
contingent upon availability of approved training providers, but not later than
August 8, 2012.
2. When a Class A or Class B operator is replaced after August
8, 2012, a new operator shall be trained within 60 days of assuming duties for
that class of operator.
3. Class C operators shall be trained before assuming duties of
a Class C operator. After September 15, 2010, written instructions or
procedures shall be provided to Class C operators to follow and to provide
notification necessary in the event of emergency conditions. Class C operators
shall be briefed on these instructions or procedures at least annually (every
12 months), which may be concurrent with annual safety training required under
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR Part 1910 (relating to
Occupational Safety and Health Standards).
E. Retraining.
1. Owners and operators of UST systems shall ensure that Class
A and B operators in accordance with subsection C of this section are retrained
if the board determines that the UST system is out of compliance with the
requirements of 9VAC25-580-30 through 9VAC25-580-190. At a minimum, Class A and
Class B operators shall successfully complete retraining in the areas
identified as out of compliance.
2. Class A and B operators shall complete training pursuant to
this subsection no later than 90 days from the date the board identifies the
noncompliance.
F. Documentation.
1. Owners and operators of underground storage tank facilities
shall prepare and maintain a list of designated Class A, Class B, and Class C
operators. The list shall represent the current Class A, Class B, and Class C
operators for the UST facility and shall include:
a. The name of each operator, class of operation trained for,
and the date each operator successfully completed initial training and
refresher training, if any.
b. For Class A and Class B operators that are not permanently
onsite or assigned to more than one facility, telephone numbers to contact the
operators.
2. A copy of the certificates of training for Class A and Class
B operators shall be on file as long as each operator serves in that capacity
at the facility or three years, whichever is longer, and readily available, and
a copy of the facility list of Class A, Class B, and Class C operators and
Class C operator instructions or procedures shall be kept onsite and
immediately available for manned UST facilities and readily available
for unmanned facilities (see subdivision 2 h of 9VAC25-580-120
relating to reporting and recordkeeping).
3. Class C operator and owner contact information, including
names and telephone numbers, and any emergency information shall be
conspicuously posted at unmanned facilities.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 1.2, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 26, Issue 25, eff. September 15, 2010; Volume
34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
Part IV
Release Detection
9VAC25-580-130. General requirements for all petroleum and
hazardous substance UST systems.
A. Owners and operators of UST systems must provide a method,
or combination of methods, of release detection that:
1. Can detect a release from any portion of the tank and the
connected underground piping that routinely contains product;
2. Is installed and calibrated in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions, including routine maintenance and service checks for
operability or running condition;
3. Beginning on January 1, 2021, is operated and maintained,
and electronic and mechanical components are tested for proper operation, in
accordance with one of the following: (i) manufacturer's instructions; (ii) a code
of practice developed by a nationally recognized association or independent
testing laboratory; or (iii) requirements determined by the board to be no less
protective of human health and the environment than the two options listed in
subdivisions 1 and 2 of this subsection. A test of the proper operation must be
performed at least annually and, at a minimum, as applicable to the facility,
cover the following components and criteria:
a. Automatic tank gauge and other controllers: test alarm;
verify system configuration; test battery backup;
b. Probes and sensors: inspect for residual buildup; ensure
floats move freely; ensure shaft is not damaged; ensure cables are free of
kinks and breaks; test alarm operability and communication with controller;
c. Automatic line leak detector: test operation to meet
criteria in subdivision 1 of 9VAC25-580-170 by simulating a leak;
d. Vacuum pumps and pressure gauges: ensure proper
communication with sensors and controller; and
e. Handheld electronic sampling equipment associated with
groundwater and vapor monitoring: ensure proper operation.
NOTE: The following code of practice may be used to comply with
subdivision 3 of this subsection. Petroleum Equipment Institute Publication RP
1200, Recommended Practices for the Testing and Verification of Spill,
Overfill, Leak Detection and Secondary Containment Equipment at UST Facilities.
4. Meets the performance requirements in 9VAC25-580-160 or
9VAC25-580-170 or Part X (9VAC25-580-380 et seq.) of this chapter as applicable
with any performance claims and their manner of determination described in
writing by the equipment manufacturer or installer. In addition, the methods
listed in subdivisions 2, 3, 4, 8, and 9 of 9VAC25-580-160; subdivisions 1 and
2 of 9VAC25-580-170; and Part X must be capable of detecting the leak rate or
quantity specified for that method in the corresponding section of the
regulation with a probability of detection of 0.95 and a probability of false
alarm of 0.05.
B. When a release detection method operated in accordance with
the performance standards in 9VAC25-580-160, 9VAC25-580-170, or Part X of this
chapter indicates a release may have occurred, owners and operators must notify
the board in accordance with Part V (9VAC25-580-190 et seq.) of this chapter.
C. Any UST system that cannot apply a method of release
detection that complies with the requirements of this part must complete the
closure procedures in Part VII (9VAC25-580-310 et seq.) of this chapter. For
previously deferred UST systems described in Parts I (9VAC25-580-10 et seq.)
and X of this chapter, this requirement applies on or after the effective dates
described in 9VAC25-580-20 A 1 b and c and 9VAC25-580-380 A 1.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC §
6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 4.1, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 12, eff. March 24, 2004; Volume 26,
Issue 25, eff. September 15, 2010; Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018;
Errata, 34:4 VA.R. 503 October 16, 2017.
9VAC25-580-140. Requirements for petroleum UST systems.
Owners and operators of petroleum UST systems
must provide release detection for tanks and piping as follows:
1. Tanks. Tanks must be monitored for releases as follows:
a. Tanks installed before September 15, 2010, must be
monitored for releases at least every 30 days for releases using one of the
methods listed in subdivisions 4 through 9 of 9VAC25-580-160
except that:
(1) UST systems that meet the performance
standards in subdivisions 1 through 5 of 9VAC25-580-50 or subdivisions 1
through 4 of 9VAC25-580-60 may use both monthly inventory control requirements
in subdivision 1 or 2 of 9VAC25-580-160, and tank tightness testing (conducted
in accordance with subdivision 3 of 9VAC25-580-160) at least every five
years until 10 years after the tank
was installed; and
(2) Tanks with capacity of 550 gallons or
less and tanks with a capacity of 551 to 1000 gallons
that meet the tank diameter criteria in subdivision 2 of 9VAC25-580-160 may use
manual tank gauging (conducted in accordance with subdivision 2 of
9VAC25-580-160).
b. Tanks installed on or after September 15, 2010, must be
monitored for releases at least every 30 days in accordance with subdivision 7
of 9VAC25-580-160.
2. Piping. Underground piping that routinely contains regulated
substances must be monitored for releases in a manner that meets one of the
following requirements:
a. Piping installed before September 15, 2010, must meet
one of the following:
(1) Pressurized piping. Underground piping that conveys
regulated substances under pressure must:
(a) Be equipped with an automatic line leak
detector conducted in accordance with subdivision 1 of 9VAC25-580-170; and
(b) Have an annual line tightness test
conducted in accordance with subdivision 2 of 9VAC25-580-170 or have monthly
monitoring conducted in accordance with subdivision 3 of 9VAC25-580-170.
(2) Suction piping. Underground piping that
conveys regulated substances under suction must either have a line tightness test
conducted at least every three years and in accordance with subdivision 2 of
9VAC25-580-170, or use a monthly monitoring method conducted in accordance with
subdivision 3 of 9VAC25-580-170. No release detection is required for suction
piping that is designed and constructed to meet the following standards:
(a) The below-grade piping operates at less
than atmospheric pressure;
(b) The below-grade piping is sloped so that
the contents of the pipe will drain back into the storage tank if the suction
is released;
(c) Only one check valve is included in each
suction line;
(d) The check valve is located directly
below and as close as practical to the suction pump; and
(e) A method is provided that allows
compliance with subdivisions 2 a (2) (b),
(c), and (d) of this section to be readily
determined.
b. Piping installed or replaced on or after September 15,
2010, must meet one of the following:
(1) Pressurized piping must be monitored for releases at
least every 30 days in accordance with subdivision 7 of 9VAC25-580-160 and be
equipped with an automatic line leak detector in accordance with subdivision 1
of 9VAC25-580-170.
(2) Suction piping must be monitored for releases at least
every 30 days in accordance with subdivision 7 of 9VAC25-580-160. No release
detection is required for suction piping that meets the requirements of
subdivisions 2 a (2) (a) through (e) of this section.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 4.2, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Volume 26, Issue 25, eff. September 15, 2010; Volume 34, Issue 1, eff.
January 1, 2018; Errata, 34:4 VA.R. 503 October 16, 2017.
9VAC25-580-150. Requirements for hazardous substance UST
systems.
Owners and operators of hazardous substance UST systems must
provide containment that meets the following
requirements and monitor these systems using subdivision 7 of 9VAC25-580-160
at least every 30 days:
1. Secondary containment systems must be designed,
constructed and installed to:
a. Contain regulated substances
leaked from the primary containment until
they are detected and removed;
b. Prevent the release of regulated
substances to the environment at any time during the operational life of the
UST system; and
c. Be checked for evidence of a release at
least every 30 days.
NOTE: The provisions of 40 CFR 265.193, Containment and
Detection of Releases, may be used to comply with these requirements for
tanks installed before September 15, 2010.
2. Double-walled tanks must be designed,
constructed, and installed to:
a. Contain a leak from
any portion of the inner tank within the outer wall; and
b. Detect the failure of the inner wall.
3. External liners (including vaults) must be
designed, constructed, and installed to:
a. Contain 100% of the capacity of the
largest tank within its boundary;
b. Prevent the interference of precipitation
or groundwater intrusion with the ability to contain
or detect a release of regulated substances; and
c. Surround the tank completely (i.e., it is
capable of preventing lateral as well as vertical migration of regulated
substances).
4. Underground piping must be equipped with secondary
containment that satisfies the requirements of this
section (e.g., trench liners, double-walled pipe). In
addition, underground piping that conveys regulated substances under pressure
must be equipped with an automatic line leak detector in accordance with
subdivision 1 of 9VAC25-580-170.
5. For hazardous substance UST systems
installed before September 15, 2010, other methods of release detection may
be used if owners and operators:
a. Demonstrate to the board that an
alternate method can detect a release of the stored substance as effectively as
any of the methods allowed in subdivisions 2 through
9 of 9VAC25-580-160 can detect a release of petroleum;
b. Provide information to the board on
effective corrective action technologies, health risks, and chemical and
physical properties of the stored substance, and the characteristics of the UST
site; and
c. Obtain approval from the board to use the
alternate release detection method before the installation and operation of the
new UST system.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 4.3, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018; Errata,
34:4 VA.R. 503 October 16, 2017.
9VAC25-580-160. Methods of release detection for tanks.
Owners and operators must obtain a permit and the required
inspections in accordance with 9VAC25-580-50 or 9VAC25-580-60 for the
installation of certain release detection equipment contained in subdivisions 4
through 9 of this section.
Each method of release detection for tanks used to meet the
requirements of 9VAC25-580-140 must be conducted in accordance with the
following and be designed to detect releases at the earliest possible time for
the specific method chosen:
1. Inventory control. Product inventory control (or another
test of equivalent performance) must be conducted monthly to detect a release
of at least 1.0% of flow-through plus 130 gallons on a monthly basis in the
following manner:
a. Inventory volume measurements for regulated substance
inputs, withdrawals, and the amount still remaining in the tank are recorded
each operating day;
b. The equipment used is capable of measuring the level of
product over the full range of the tank's height to the nearest 1/8 of an inch;
c. The regulated substance inputs are reconciled with delivery
receipts by measurement of the tank inventory volume before and after delivery;
d. Deliveries are made through a drop tube that extends to
within one foot of the tank bottom;
e. Product dispensing is metered and recorded according to
regulations of the Bureau of Weights and Measures of the Virginia Department of
Agriculture and Consumer Services for meter calibration within their
jurisdiction; for all other product dispensing meter calibration, an accuracy
of six cubic inches for every five gallons of product withdrawn is required;
and
f. The measurement of any water level in the bottom of the
tank is made to the nearest 1/8 of an inch at least once a month.
NOTE: Practices described in the American Petroleum Institute
Recommended Practice RP 1621 Bulk Liquid Stock Control at Retail Outlets, may
be used, where applicable, as guidance in meeting the requirements of this
subsection.
2. Manual tank gauging. Manual tank gauging must meet the
following requirements:
a. Tank liquid level measurements are taken at the beginning
and ending of a period using the appropriate minimum duration of test value in
the table below during which no liquid is added to or removed from the tank;
b. Level measurements are based on an average of two
consecutive stick readings at both the beginning and ending of the period;
c. The equipment used is capable of measuring the level of
product over the full range of the tank's height to the nearest 1/8 of an inch;
d. A release is suspected and subject to the requirements of
Part V (9VAC25-580-190 et seq.) if the variation between beginning and ending
measurements exceeds the weekly or monthly standards in the following table:
|
|
Nominal Tank Capacity
|
Minimum Duration of Test
|
Weekly Standard (One Test)
|
Monthly Standard (Four Test Average)
|
|
|
550 gallons or less
|
36 hours
|
10 gallons
|
5 gallons
|
|
|
551 - 1,000 gallons
(when tank diameter is 64 inches)
|
44 hours
|
9 gallons
|
4 gallons
|
|
|
551 - 1,000 gallons
(when tank diameter is 48 inches)
|
58 hours
|
12 gallons
|
6 gallons
|
|
|
551 -1,000 gallons
(also requires periodic tank tightness testing)
|
36 hours
|
13 gallons
|
7 gallons
|
|
|
1001 - 2,000 gallons
(also requires periodic tank tightness testing)
|
36 hours
|
26 gallons
|
13 gallons
|
e. Tanks of 550 gallons or less nominal capacity and tanks
with a nominal capacity of 551 to 1,000 gallons that meet the tank diameter
criteria in the table in subdivision 2 d of this section may use this as the
sole method of release detection. All other tanks with a nominal capacity of
551 to 2,000 gallons may use the method in place of inventory control in
subdivision 1 of this section. Tanks of greater than 2,000 gallons nominal
capacity may not use this method to meet the requirements of this part.
3. Tank tightness testing. Tank tightness testing (or another
test of equivalent performance) must be capable of detecting a 0.1 gallon per
hour leak rate from any portion of the tank that routinely contains product
while accounting for the effects of thermal expansion or contraction of the
product, vapor pockets, tank deformation, evaporation or condensation, and the
location of the water table.
4. Automatic tank gauging. Equipment for automatic tank gauging
that tests for the loss of product and conducts inventory control must meet the
following requirements:
a. The automatic product level monitor test can detect a 0.2
gallon per hour leak rate from any portion of the tank that routinely contains
product;
b. The automatic tank gauging equipment must meet the
inventory control (or other test of equivalent performance) requirements of
subdivision 1 of this section; and
c. The test must be performed with the system operating in one
of the following modes:
(1) In-tank static testing conducted at least once every 30
days; or
(2) Continuous in-tank leak detection operating on an
uninterrupted basis or operating within a process that allows the system to
gather incremental measurements to determine the leak status of the tank at
least once every 30 days.
5. Vapor monitoring. Testing or monitoring for vapors within
the soil gas of the excavation zone must meet the following requirements:
a. The materials used as backfill are sufficiently porous
(e.g., gravel, sand, crushed rock) to readily allow diffusion of vapors from
releases into the excavation area;
b. The stored regulated substance, or a tracer compound placed
in the tank system, is sufficiently volatile (e.g., gasoline) to result in a
vapor level that is detectable by the monitoring devices located in the
excavation zone in the event of a release from the tank;
c. The measurement of vapors by the monitoring device is not
rendered inoperative by the groundwater, rainfall, or soil moisture or other
known interferences so that a release could go undetected for more than 30
days;
d. The level of background contamination in the excavation
zone will not interfere with the method used to detect releases from the tank;
e. The vapor monitors are designed and operated to detect any
significant increase in concentration above background of the regulated
substance stored in the tank system, a component or components of that
substance, or a tracer compound placed in the tank system;
f. In the UST excavation zone, the site is assessed to ensure
compliance with the requirements in subdivisions a through d of this
subdivision 5 and to establish the number and positioning of monitoring wells
that will detect releases within the excavation zone from any portion of the
tank that routinely contains product; and
g. Monitoring wells are clearly marked and secured to avoid
unauthorized access and tampering.
6. Groundwater monitoring. Testing or monitoring for liquids on
the groundwater must meet the following requirements:
a. The regulated substance stored is not readily miscible in
water and has a specific gravity of less than one;
b. Groundwater is never more than 20 feet from the ground
surface and the hydraulic conductivity of the soils between the UST system and
the monitoring wells or devices is not less than 0.01 cm/sec (e.g., the soil
should consist of gravels, coarse to medium sands, coarse silts or other
permeable materials);
c. The slotted portion of the monitoring well casing must be
designed to prevent migration of natural soils or filter pack into the well and
to allow entry of regulated substance on the water table into the well under
both high and low groundwater conditions;
d. Monitoring wells shall be sealed from the ground surface to
the top of the filter pack;
e. Monitoring wells or devices intercept the excavation zone
or are as close to it as is technically feasible;
f. The continuous monitoring devices or manual methods used
can detect the presence of at least 1/8 of an inch of free product on top of
the groundwater in the monitoring wells;
g. Within and immediately below the UST system excavation
zone, the site is assessed to ensure compliance with the requirements in
subdivisions a through e of this subdivision 6 and to establish the number and
positioning of monitoring wells or devices that will detect releases from any
portion of the tank that routinely contains product; and
h. Monitoring wells are clearly marked and secured to avoid
unauthorized access and tampering.
7. Interstitial monitoring. Interstitial monitoring between the
UST system and a secondary barrier immediately around or beneath it may be
used, but only if the system is designed, constructed and installed to detect a
leak from any portion of the tank that routinely contains product and also
meets one of the following requirements:
a. For double-walled UST systems, the sampling or testing
method can detect a leak through the inner wall in any portion of the tank that
routinely contains product;
b. For UST systems with a secondary barrier within the
excavation zone, the sampling or testing method used can detect a leak between
the UST system and the secondary barrier:
(1) The secondary barrier around or beneath the UST system
consists of artificially constructed material that is sufficiently thick and
impermeable (at least 10-6 cm/sec for the regulated substance
stored) to direct a leak to the monitoring point and permit its detection;
(2) The barrier is compatible with the regulated substance
stored so that a leak from the UST system will not cause a deterioration of the
barrier allowing a release to pass through undetected;
(3) For cathodically protected tanks, the secondary barrier
must be installed so that it does not interfere with the proper operation of
the cathodic protection system;
(4) The groundwater, soil moisture, or rainfall will not
render the testing or sampling method used inoperative so that a release could
go undetected for more than 30 days;
(5) The site is assessed to ensure that the secondary barrier
is always above the groundwater and not in a 25-year flood plain, unless the
barrier and monitoring designs are for use under such conditions; and
(6) Monitoring wells are clearly marked and secured to avoid
unauthorized access and tampering.
c. For tanks with an internally fitted liner, an automated
device can detect a leak between the inner wall of the tank and the liner, and
the liner is compatible with the substance stored.
8. Statistical inventory reconciliation. Release detection
methods based on the application of statistical principles to inventory data
similar to those described in subdivision 1 of this section must meet the
following requirements:
a. Report a quantitative result with a calculated leak rate;
b. Be capable of detecting a leak rate of 0.2 gallon per hour
or a release of 150 gallons within 30 days; and
c. Use a threshold that does not exceed one-half the minimum
detectible leak rate.
9. Other methods. Any other type of release detection method,
or combination of methods, can be used if:
a. It can detect a 0.2 gallon per hour leak rate or a release
of 150 gallons within a month with a probability of detection of 0.95 and a
probability of false alarm of 0.05; or
b. The board may approve another method if the owner and
operator can demonstrate that the method can detect a release as effectively as
any of the methods allowed in subdivisions 3 through 8 of this section. In
comparing methods, the board shall consider the size of release that the method
can detect and the frequency and reliability with which it can be detected. If
the method is approved, the owner and operator must comply with any conditions
imposed by the board on its use to ensure the protection of human health and
the environment.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC §
6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 4.4, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018; Errata,
34:4 VA.R. 503 October 16, 2017.
9VAC25-580-170. Methods of release detection for piping.
Owners and operators must obtain a permit and the required
inspections in accordance with 9VAC25-580-50 or 9VAC25-580-60 for the
installation of certain release detection equipment contained
in subdivisions 1 through 3 of this section.
Each method of release detection for piping used to meet the
requirements of 9VAC25-580-140 must be conducted in accordance with the
following:
1. Automatic line leak detectors. Methods that
alert the operator to the presence of a leak by restricting or shutting off the
flow of regulated substances through piping or triggering an audible or visual
alarm may be used only if they detect leaks of three gallons per hour at 10
pounds per square inch line pressure within one hour. An annual test of the
operation of the leak detector must be conducted in accordance with subdivision A 3 c of 9VAC25-580-130.
2. Line tightness testing. A periodic test of piping may be
conducted only if it can detect a 0.1 gallon per hour leak rate at one and
one-half times the operating pressure.
3. Applicable tank methods. Except as described
in subdivision 1 of 9VAC25-580-140, any of the methods in
subdivisions 5 through 9 of 9VAC25-580-160 may be used
if they are designed to detect a release from any portion of the underground
piping that routinely contains regulated substances.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 4.5, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
9VAC25-580-180. Release detection recordkeeping.
All UST system owners and operators must maintain records in
accordance with 9VAC25-580-120 demonstrating compliance with all applicable
requirements of this part. These records must include the following:
1. All written performance claims pertaining to any release
detection system used, and the manner in which these claims have been justified
or tested by the equipment manufacturer or installer, must be maintained for
five years from the date of installation or as long as the method of release
detection is used, whichever is greater. Not later than January 1, 2021,
records of site assessments required under subdivisions 5 f and 6 g of
9VAC25-580-160 must be maintained for as long as the methods are used. Records
of site assessments developed after January 1, 2018, must be signed by a
professional engineer or professional geologist, or equivalent licensed
professional with experience in environmental engineering, hydrogeology, or
other relevant technical discipline acceptable to the board;
2. The results of any sampling, testing, or monitoring must be
maintained for at least one year, or for another reasonable period of time
determined by the board, except as follows:
a. The results of annual operation tests conducted in
accordance with subdivision A 3 of 9VAC25-580-130 must be maintained for three
years. At a minimum, the results must list each component tested, indicate
whether each component tested meets criteria in subdivision A 3 of 9VAC25-580-130
or needs to have action taken, and describe any action taken to correct an
issue;
b. The results of tank tightness testing conducted in
accordance with subdivision 3 of 9VAC25-580-160 must
be retained until the next test is conducted; and
c. The results of tank tightness testing, line tightness
testing, and vapor monitoring using a tracer compound placed in the tank system
conducted in accordance with 9VAC25-580-390 D must be retained until the next
test is conducted; and
3. Written documentation of all calibration, maintenance, and
repair of release detection equipment permanently located on-site must be
maintained for at least one year after the servicing work is completed or for
such longer period as may be required by the board. Any schedules of required
calibration and maintenance provided by the release detection equipment
manufacturer must be retained for five years from the date of installation.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 4.6, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018; Errata,
34:4 VA.R. 504 October 16, 2017.
Part V
Release Reporting, Investigation, and Confirmation
9VAC25-580-190. Reporting of suspected releases.
Owners and operators of UST systems must report to the board
within 24 hours and follow the procedures in 9VAC25-580-210 for any of the following
conditions:
1. The discovery by owners and operators or others of released
regulated substances at the UST site or in the surrounding area (such as the
presence of free product or vapors in soils, basements, sewer and utility
lines, and nearby surface water).
2. Unusual operating conditions observed by owners and
operators (such as the erratic behavior of product dispensing equipment, the
sudden loss of product from the UST system, an unexplained presence
of water in the tank, or liquid in the interstitial space of
secondarily contained systems), unless:
a. The system equipment or component is found not to be
releasing regulated substances to the environment;
b. Any defective system equipment or component is
immediately repaired or replaced; and
c. For secondarily contained systems, except as provided
for in subdivision 7 b (4) of 9VAC25-580-160, any liquid in the interstitial
space not used as part of the interstitial monitoring method (for example,
brine filled) is immediately removed.
3. Monitoring results, including investigation of an alarm,
from a release detection method required under 9VAC25-580-140 and 9VAC25-580-150
that indicate a release may have occurred unless:
a. The monitoring device is found to be defective, and is
immediately repaired, recalibrated or replaced, and additional monitoring does
not confirm the initial result;
b. The leak is contained in the secondary containment and:
(1) Except as provided for in subdivision 7 b (4) of
9VAC25-580-160, any liquid in the interstitial space not used as part of the
interstitial monitoring method (for example, brine filled) is immediately
removed; and
(2) Any defective system equipment or component is
immediately repaired or replaced;
c. In the case of inventory control, described in
subdivision 1 of 9VAC25-580-160, a second month of data or in the case of
manual tank gauging, a second week or month as prescribed in the chart under
subdivision 2 d of 9VAC25-580-160 does not confirm the initial result or
the investigation determines no release has occurred; or
d. The alarm was investigated and determined to be a
nonrelease event (for example, from a power surge or caused by filling the tank
during release detection testing).
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 5.1, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
9VAC25-580-200. Investigation due to off-site impacts.
When required by the board, owners and operators of UST systems must follow
the procedures in 9VAC25-580-210 to determine if the UST system is the source
of off-site impacts. These impacts include the discovery of regulated
substances (such as the presence of free product or vapors in soils,
basements, sewer and utility lines, and state waters) that has been observed
by the board or brought to its attention by another party.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15(10) and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 5.2, eff. October 25, 1989.
9VAC25-580-210. Release investigation and confirmation steps.
Unless corrective action is initiated in accordance with Part
VI (9VAC25-580-230 et seq.) of this chapter, owners and operators must immediately
investigate and confirm all suspected releases of regulated substances
requiring reporting under 9VAC25-580-190 within seven days, or another
reasonable time period specified by the board upon written request made and
approved within seven days after reporting of the suspected release.
The following steps are required for release investigation and
confirmation:
1. System test. Owners and operators must conduct tests
(according to the requirements for tightness testing in subdivision
3 of 9VAC25-580-160 and subdivision 2 of 9VAC25-580-170) or, as appropriate,
secondary containment testing described in subdivision 4 of 9VAC25-580-110.
a. The test must determine whether:
(1) A leak exists in that portion of the tank that
routinely contains product or in the attached delivery piping; or
(2) A breach of either wall of the secondary containment has
occurred.
b. If the system test confirms a leak into the interstice
or a release, owners and operators must repair, replace,
upgrade, or close the UST system. In addition, owners and
operators must begin corrective action in accordance with Part VI of
this chapter if the test results for the system, tank, or delivery piping
indicate that a release exists.
c. Further investigation is not required if
the test results for the system, tank, and delivery piping do not indicate that
a release exists and if environmental contamination is not
the basis for suspecting a release.
d. Owners and operators must conduct a site
check as described in subdivision 2 of this section if the test results for the
system, tank, and delivery piping do not indicate that a release
exists but environmental contamination is the basis for suspecting a release.
2. Site check. Owners and operators must measure for the
presence of a release where contamination is most likely to be present at the
UST site. In selecting sample types, sample locations, and measurement methods,
owners and operators must consider the nature of the stored substance, the type
of initial alarm or cause for suspicion, the type of backfill, the depth of groundwater, and other factors appropriate for identifying the
presence and source of the release. Samples shall be tested according to
established EPA analytical methods or methods approved by the board.
a. If the test results for the excavation zone or the UST site
indicate that a release has occurred, owners and operators must begin
corrective action in accordance with Part VI of this chapter.
b. If the test results for the excavation zone or the UST site
do not indicate that a release has occurred, further investigation is not
required.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 5.3, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018; Errata,
34:4 VA.R. 504 October 16, 2017.
9VAC25-580-220. Reporting and cleanup of spills and overfills.
A. Owners and operators of UST systems must contain and
immediately clean up a spill or overfill and report to the board within 24
hours and begin corrective action in accordance with Part VI of this chapter in
the following cases:
1. Spill or overfill of petroleum that results in a release to
the environment that exceeds 25 gallons or that causes a sheen on nearby
surface water; and
2. Spill or overfill of a hazardous substance that results in a
release to the environment that equals or exceeds its reportable quantity under
CERCLA (40 CFR Part 302).
B. Owners and operators of UST systems must contain and
immediately clean up a spill or overfill of petroleum that is less than 25
gallons and a spill or overfill of a hazardous substance that is less than the
reportable quantity. If cleanup cannot be accomplished within 24 hours owners
and operators must immediately notify the board.
NOTE: Pursuant to 40 CFR §§ 302.6 and 355.40, a release of a hazardous
substance equal to or in excess of its reportable quantity must also be
reported immediately (rather than within 24 hours) to the National Response
Center under §§ 102 and 103 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 (42 USC §§ 9602 and 9603) and
to appropriate state and local authorities under Title III of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15(10) and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 5.4, eff. October 25, 1989.
Part VI
Release Response and Corrective Action for UST Systems Containing Petroleum or
Hazardous Substances
9VAC25-580-230. General.
Owners and operators of petroleum or hazardous substance UST
systems must, in response to a confirmed release from the UST system, comply
with the requirements of this part except for USTs excluded under subsection B
of 9VAC25-580-20 and UST systems subject to RCRA Subtitle C corrective action
requirements under § 3004(u) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as
amended.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15(10) and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 6.1, eff. October 25, 1989.
9VAC25-580-240. Initial response.
Upon confirmation of a release in accordance with
9VAC25-580-210 or after a release from the UST system is identified in any
other manner, owners and operators must perform the following initial response
actions within 24 hours of a release:
1. Report the release to the board (e.g., by telephone or
electronic mail);
2. Take immediate action to prevent any further release of the
regulated substance into the environment; and
3. Identify and mitigate fire, explosion, and vapor hazards.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15(10) and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 6.2, eff. October 25, 1989.
9VAC25-580-250. Initial abatement measures and site check.
A. Unless directed to do otherwise by the board, owners and
operators must perform the following abatement measures:
1. Remove as much of the regulated substance from the UST system
as is necessary to prevent further release to the environment;
2. Visually inspect any aboveground releases or exposed belowground releases and prevent further migration of the
released substance into surrounding soils and groundwater;
3. Continue to monitor and mitigate any additional fire and
safety hazards posed by vapors or free product that have migrated from the UST
excavation zone and entered into subsurface structures (such as sewers or
basements);
4. Remedy hazards posed by contaminated soils that are
excavated or exposed as a result of release confirmation, site investigation,
abatement, or corrective action activities. If these remedies include treatment
or disposal of soils, the owner and operator must comply with applicable state
and local requirements;
5. Measure for the presence of a release where contamination is
most likely to be present at the UST site, unless the presence and source of
the release have been confirmed in accordance with the site check required by
subdivision 2 of 9VAC25-580-210 or the closure site assessment of subsection A
of 9VAC25-580-330. In selecting sample types, sample locations, and measurement
methods, the owner and operator must consider the nature of the stored
substance, the type of backfill, depth to groundwater
and other factors as appropriate for identifying the presence and source of the
release. Samples shall be tested according to established EPA analytical
methods or methods approved the board; and
6. Investigate to determine the possible presence of free
product, and begin free product removal as soon as practicable and in
accordance with 9VAC25-580-270.
B. Within 20 days after release confirmation, or within
another reasonable period of time determined by the board upon written request
made and approved within 20 days after release confirmation, owners and
operators must submit a report to the board summarizing the initial abatement
steps taken under subsection A of this section and any resulting information or
data.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 6.3, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
9VAC25-580-260. Site characterization.
A. Owners and operators must assemble information about the
site and the nature of the release, including information gained while
confirming the release or completing the initial abatement measures in
9VAC25-580-230 and 9VAC25-580-240. This information must include, but is not
necessarily limited to, the following:
1. Data on the material released and the estimated quantity of
release;
2. Data from available sources or site investigations
concerning the following:
a. Site assessment to include: data on the physical/chemical
properties of the contaminant; nature and quantity and extent of the release;
evidence that free product is found to need recovery; geologic/hydrologic site
characterization; current and projected land/water uses; water quality;
subsurface soil conditions; evidence that contaminated soils are in contact
with the groundwater; locations of subsurface
conduits (e.g., sewers, utility lines, etc.); and climatological conditions.
Samples collected for this site characterization shall be tested according to
established EPA analytical methods or methods approved by the board;
b. Risk (exposure) assessment to include: evidence that wells
of the area have been affected; use and approximate locations of wells
potentially affected by the release; identification of potential and impacted
receptors; migration routes; surrounding populations; potential for additional
environmental damage;
c. Remediation assessment to include: potential for remediation
and applicability of different remediation technologies to the site.
3. Results of the site check required under subdivision A 5 of
9VAC25-580-250; and
4. Results of the free product investigations required under
subdivision A 6 of 9VAC25-580-250, to be used by owners and operators to
determine whether free product must be recovered under 9VAC25-580-270.
B. Within 45 days of release confirmation or another
reasonable period of time determined by the board upon written request made and
approved within 45 days after release confirmation, owners and operators must
submit the information collected in compliance with subsection A of this
section to the board in a manner that demonstrates its applicability and
technical adequacy, or in a format and according to the schedule required by
the board.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 6.4, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
9VAC25-580-270. Free product removal.
At sites where investigations under subdivision A 6 of
9VAC25-580-250 indicate the presence of free product, owners and operators must
remove free product to the maximum extent practicable as determined by the
board while continuing, as necessary, any actions initiated under
9VAC25-580-240 through 9VAC25-580-260, or preparing for actions required under
9VAC25-580-280. In meeting the requirements of this section, owners and
operators must:
1. Conduct free product removal in a manner that minimizes the
spread of contamination into previously uncontaminated zones by using recovery
and disposal techniques appropriate to the hydrogeologic conditions at the
site, and that properly treats, discharges or disposes of recovery by-products
in compliance with applicable local, state and federal regulations;
2. Use abatement of free product migration as a minimum
objective for the design of the free product removal system;
3. Handle any flammable products in a safe and competent manner
to prevent fires or explosions; and
4. Unless directed to do otherwise by the board, prepare and
submit to the board, within 45 days after confirming a release, a free product
removal report that provides at least the following information:
a. The name of the persons responsible for implementing the
free product removal measures;
b. The estimated quantity, type, and thickness of free product
observed or measured in wells, bore holes, and excavations;
c. The type of free product recovery system used;
d. Whether any discharge will take place on-site or off-site
during the recovery operation and where this discharge will be located;
e. The type of treatment applied to, and the effluent quality
expected from, any discharge;
f. The steps that have been or are being taken to obtain
necessary permits for any discharge; and
g. The disposition of the recovered free product.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia, and 40 CFR
Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 6.5, eff. October 25, 1989; amended,
Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 12, eff. March 24, 2004.
9VAC25-580-280. Corrective action plan.
A. At any point after reviewing the information submitted in
compliance with 9VAC25-580-240, 9VAC25-580-250, and
9VAC25-580-260, the board may require owners and operators to submit additional
information or to develop and submit a corrective action plan for responding to
contaminated soils and groundwater. If a plan is
required, owners and operators must submit the plan according to a schedule and
format established by the board. Alternatively, owners and operators may, after
fulfilling the requirements of 9VAC25-580-240,
9VAC25-580-250, and 9VAC25-580-260, choose to submit a corrective action
plan for responding to contaminated soil and groundwater.
In either case, owners and operators are responsible for submitting a plan that
provides for adequate protection of human health and the environment as
determined by the board, and must modify their plan as necessary to meet this
standard.
B. In conjunction with the information provided under
subdivision A 2 of 9VAC25-580-260 (site assessment, risk (exposure) assessment,
and remediation assessment), the corrective action plan must include the
following information:
1. Detailed conceptual design including narrative description
of technologies and how they will be applied at the site;
2. Projected remediation end points/degree of remediation;
3. Schedule of project implementation;
4. Schedule to achieve projected end points;
5. Operational and post-operational monitoring schedules (to
include data submittals);
6. Proposed disposition of any wastes and discharges (if
applicable);
7. Actions taken to obtain any necessary federal, state and
local permits to implement the plan; and
8. Proposed actions to notify persons directly affected by the
release or the planned corrective action.
C. The board will approve the corrective action plan only
after ensuring that implementation of the plan will adequately protect human
health, safety, and the environment. In making this determination, the board
will consider the following factors as appropriate:
1. The physical and chemical characteristics of the regulated
substance, including its toxicity, persistence, and potential for migration;
2. The hydrogeologic characteristics of the facility and the
surrounding area;
3. The proximity, quality, and current and future uses of
nearby surface water and groundwater;
4. The potential effects of residual contamination on nearby
surface water and groundwater;
5. The site, risk (exposure), and remediation assessments as
required by subdivision A 2 of 9VAC25-580-260; and
6. Any information assembled in compliance with this part.
D. Upon approval of the corrective action plan or as directed
by the board, owners and operators must implement the plan, including
modifications to the plan made by the board. They must monitor, evaluate, and
report the results of implementing the plan in accordance with a schedule and
in a format established by the board.
E. Owners and operators may, in the interest of minimizing
environmental contamination and promoting more effective cleanup, begin cleanup
of soil and groundwater before the corrective action
plan is approved provided that they:
1. Notify the board of their intention to begin cleanup and
obtain written approval to proceed with an agreed upon activity;
2. Comply with any conditions imposed by the board, including
halting cleanup or mitigating adverse consequences from cleanup activities; and
3. Incorporate these self-initiated cleanup measures in the
corrective action plan that is submitted to the board for approval.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 6.6, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
9VAC25-580-290. [Repealed]
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 6.7, eff. October 25, 1989; repealed, Virginia
Register Volume 20, Issue 12, eff. March 24, 2004.
9VAC25-580-300. Public participation.
A. For each confirmed release that requires a corrective
action plan, the board will require the owner and operator to provide notice to
the public by means designed to reach those members of the public directly
affected by the release or the planned corrective action. This notice may
include, but is not limited to, public notice in local newspapers, block
advertisements, public service announcements, publication in a state register,
letters to individual households, or personal contacts by field staff.
B. The board must ensure that site release information and
decisions concerning the corrective action plan are made available to the
public for inspection upon request.
C. Before approving a corrective action plan, the board may
hold a public meeting to consider comments on the proposed corrective action
plan if there is sufficient public interest, or for any other reason.
D. The board will require the owner and operator to give
public notice that complies with subsection A of this section if implementation
of an approved corrective action plan does not achieve the established cleanup
levels in the plan and termination of that plan is under consideration by the
board.
E. These public participation requirements do not supersede
any public participation requirements of other regulations.
F. In the event the owner and operator have failed to give the
required notice to the public, the board will provide such notice to the extent
required by applicable federal law.
G. In those cases where the board implements the corrective
plan, the board will provide such notice to the extent required by applicable
federal law.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15(10) and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 6.8, eff. October 25, 1989.
Part VII
Out-of-Service UST Systems and Closure
9VAC25-580-310. Temporary closure.
Owners and operators must obtain a permit and the required
inspections in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia Uniform Statewide
Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq. of the Code of Virginia).
A permit from the building official must be obtained prior to
temporary tank closure. No UST system shall be temporarily closed unless and
until the system is inspected in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia
Uniform Statewide Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq. of the Code of Virginia).
In the case of state-owned facilities the Department of
General Services shall function as the building official in accordance with §
36-98.1 of the Code of Virginia.
In the case of federal facilities the building official must
be contacted. Owners and operators must obtain a permit and the required
inspections in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia Uniform Statewide
Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq. of the Code of Virginia).
1. When an UST system is temporarily closed, owners and
operators must continue operation and maintenance of corrosion protection in
accordance with 9VAC25-580-90, and any release detection in accordance with
Parts IV (9VAC25-580-130 et seq.) and X (9VAC25-580-380 et seq.) of
this chapter. Parts V (9VAC25-580-190 et seq.) and VI (9VAC25-580-230
et seq.) of this chapter must be complied with if a release is suspected or
confirmed. However, release detection and release detection
operation and maintenance testing and inspections in Parts III (9VAC25-580-80
et seq.) and IV of this chapter are not required as long as the UST system
is empty. The UST system is empty when all materials have been removed using
commonly employed practices so that no more than 2.5 centimeters (one inch) of
residue, or 0.3% by weight of the total capacity of the UST system, remain in
the system. In addition, spill and overfill operation and maintenance
testing and inspections in Part III of this chapter are not required.
2. When an UST system is temporarily closed for three months or
more, owners and operators must also comply with the following requirements:
a. Leave vent lines open and functioning; and
b. Cap and secure all other lines, pumps, manways, and
ancillary equipment.
3. When an UST system is temporarily closed for more than 12
months, owners and operators must permanently close the UST system if it does
not meet either performance standards in 9VAC25-580-50 for new UST systems or
the upgrading requirements in 9VAC25-580-60, except that the spill and overfill
equipment requirements do not have to be met. Owners and operators must
permanently close the substandard UST systems at the end of this 12-month
period in accordance with 9VAC25-580-320 through 9VAC25-580-350, unless the
building official provides an extension of the 12-month temporary closure
period. Owners and operators must complete a site assessment in accordance with
9VAC25-580-330 before such an extension can be applied for.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 7.1, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
9VAC25-580-320. Permanent closure and changes-in-service.
Owners and operators must obtain a permit and the required
inspections in accordance with the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code (§
36-97 et seq. of the Code of Virginia).
A permit from the building official must be obtained prior to
permanent tank closure or a change-in-service. No UST system shall be
permanently closed or changed-in-service unless and until the system is
inspected in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia Uniform Statewide
Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq. of the Code of Virginia).
If such closure is in response to immediate corrective actions
that necessitate timely tank removal, then the building official must be
notified and the official's directions followed until a permit is issued.
In the case of state-owned facilities the Department of
General Services shall function as the building official in accordance with §
36-98.1 of the Code of Virginia.
In the case of federal facilities the building official must
be contacted. Owners and operators must obtain a permit and the required
inspections in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia Uniform Statewide
Building Code.
1. Owners and operators must within 30 days after either
permanent closure or a change-in-service submit an amended UST notification
form to the board.
2. The required assessment of the excavation zone under
9VAC25-580-330 must be performed after notifying the building official but
before completion of the permanent closure or a change-in-service.
3. To permanently close a tank, owners and operators must empty
and clean it by removing all liquids and accumulated sludges. When the owner or
operator suspects that the residual sludges are hazardous in nature the Department
of Environmental Quality regulations shall be followed to facilitate the proper
treatment, storage, manifesting, transport, and disposal. All tanks taken out
of service permanently must be removed from the
ground, filled with an inert solid material, or closed in
place in a manner approved by the board.
4. Continued use of an UST system to store a nonregulated
substance is considered a change-in-service. Before a change-in-service, owners
and operators must empty and clean the tank by removing all liquid and
accumulated sludge and conduct a site assessment in accordance with
9VAC25-580-330.
NOTE: The following cleaning and closure procedures may be used
to comply with this section:
a. American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice RP
1604, Closure of
Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks;
b. American Petroleum Institute Standard
2015, Safe Entry and Cleaning of Petroleum Storage
Tanks, Planning and Managing Tank Entry from Decommissioning through
Recommissioning;
c. American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 2016,
Guidelines and Procedures for Entering and Cleaning Petroleum Storage Tanks;
d. American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice RP
1631, Interior Lining and Periodic Inspection of
Underground Storage Tanks, may be used as guidance for compliance
with this section;
e. National Fire Protection Association Standard 326,
Standard for the Safeguarding of Tanks and Containers for Entry, Cleaning, or
Repair; and
f. The National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health Publication 80-106, Criteria for a
Recommended Standard *** Working in Confined Space may be used as
guidance for conducting safe closure procedures at some hazardous substance
tanks.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 7.2, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 20, Issue 12, eff. March 24, 2004; Volume 34,
Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018.
9VAC25-580-330. Assessing the site at closure or
change-in-service.
A. Before permanent closure or a change-in-service is
completed, owners and operators must measure for the presence of a release where
contamination is most likely to be present at the UST site. In selecting sample
type or types (soil or water) and sample location or locations, and measurement
methods, owners and operators must consider the method of closure, the nature
of the stored substance, the type of backfill, the depth to
groundwater and other factors appropriate for identifying the presence
of a release. Samples shall be tested according to established EPA analytical
methods or methods approved by the board. Where the suspected release is a
petroleum product, the samples shall be analyzed for total petroleum
hydrocarbons (TPH). The requirements of this section are satisfied if one of
the external release detection methods allowed in subdivisions
5 and 6 of 9VAC25-580-160 is operating in accordance with the requirements in
9VAC25-580-160 at the time of closure, and indicates no release has occurred.
B. In all cases where a sample or samples are analyzed, the
owner and operator shall submit, along with the amended UST notification form
as required in subdivision 1 of 9VAC25-580-320, a copy
of the laboratory results (including a statement as to the test method used), a
description of the area sampled, and a site map depicting tanks, piping, and
sample location or locations.
C. If contaminated soils, contaminated groundwater
or free product as a liquid or vapor is discovered under subsection A of this
section, or by any other manner, owners and operators must begin corrective
action in accordance with Part VI (9VAC25-580-230 et seq.) of this chapter.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 7.3, eff. October 25, 1989;
amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January 1, 2018; Errata,
34:4 VA.R. 504 October 16, 2017.
9VAC25-580-340. Applicability to previously closed UST systems.
When directed by the board, the owner and operator of an UST system
permanently closed before December 22, 1988, must assess the excavation zone
and close the UST system in accordance with this part if releases from the UST
may, in the judgment of the board, pose a current or potential threat to human
health and the environment.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15(10) and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 7.4, eff. October 25, 1989.
9VAC25-580-350. Closure records.
Owners and operators must maintain records in accordance with
9VAC25-580-120 that are capable of demonstrating compliance with closure
requirements under this part. The results of the excavation zone assessment
required in 9VAC25-580-330 must be maintained for at least three years after
completion of permanent closure or change-in-service in one of the following
ways:
1. By the owners and operators who took the UST system out of
service;
2. By the current owners and operators of the UST system site;
or
3. By mailing these records to the board if they cannot be
maintained at the closed facility.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15(10) and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 7.5, eff. October 25, 1989.
Part VIII
Delegation
9VAC25-580-360. Delegation of authority.
The Director of the Department of Environmental Quality, or in
his absence a designee acting for him, may perform any act of the board
provided under this chapter, except as limited by § 62.1-44.14 of the Code of Virginia.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15(10) and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia.
Historical Notes
Derived from VR680-13-02 § 8.1, eff. October 25, 1989.
Part IX
Delivery Prohibition
9VAC25-580-370. Requirements for delivery prohibition.
A. No person shall deliver to, deposit into, or accept a
petroleum product or other regulated substance into an underground storage tank
that has been identified under subdivision G 2 of this section by the board to
be ineligible for such delivery, deposit, or acceptance. Unless authorized in
writing by the board, no person shall alter, deface, remove, or attempt to
remove a tag that prohibits delivery, deposit, or acceptance of a petroleum
product or other regulated substance to an underground storage tank.
B. When an inspection or other information provides reason to
believe one or more of the following violations exists, the board shall initiate
a proceeding in accordance with subsection D of this section:
1. Spill prevention equipment is not installed on the UST
system properly as required by 9VAC25-580-50 or 9VAC25-580-60 or is disabled;
2. Overfill protection equipment is not installed on the UST
system properly as required by 9VAC25-580-50 or 9VAC25-580-60 or is disabled;
3. Release detection equipment is not installed on the UST
system properly or is disabled or a release detection method is not being
performed as required by 9VAC25-580-50 or 9VAC25-580-60;
4. Corrosion protection equipment is not installed on the UST
system properly as required by 9VAC25-580-50 or 9VAC25-580-60 or is disabled;
5. Secondary containment is not installed on the UST system
properly as required by 9VAC25-580-50, 9VAC25-580-60, or 9VAC25-580-150 or is
disabled; or
6. The board has reason to believe that an UST system is
leaking and the owner or operator has failed to initiate and complete the
investigation and confirmation requirements of 9VAC25-580-190,
9VAC25-580-200, and 9VAC25-580-210.
C. For purposes of subsection B of this section, spill
prevention, overfill prevention, corrosion protection, release detection, or
secondary containment equipment that is not verifiable as installed is not
installed.
D. The board shall provide written notice to the owner and
operator pursuant to subdivision G 1 of this section that it will conduct an
informal fact finding pursuant to § 2.2-4019 of the Code of Virginia to
determine whether the underground storage tank shall be
ineligible for delivery, deposit, or acceptance of a petroleum product or other
regulated substance. The fact finding shall be scheduled as soon as practicable
after the notice, and within 10 business days in any event. Upon a finding to
impose delivery prohibition, the board shall affix a tag to the fill pipe of
the underground storage tank prohibiting delivery,
deposit, or acceptance of a petroleum product or other regulated substance.
E. When the board issues a notice of alleged violation based
on an inspection or other information that provides reason to believe a UST
system is not in compliance with the requirements of Part II (9VAC25-580-50
et seq.), III (9VAC25-580-80 et seq.), IV (9VAC25-580-130
et seq.), or X (9VAC25-580-380 et seq.) of this chapter not listed in
subsection B of this section, the requirements of 9VAC25-580-240 through
9VAC25-580-280, or the requirements of 9VAC25-590 (Petroleum Underground
Storage Tank Financial Responsibility Requirements), and the owner or operator
fails to comply with the notice of alleged violation within the time prescribed
by the board, the board may proceed in accordance with subsection D of this
section.
F. The board may classify all underground storage tanks
containing petroleum or any other regulated substance at a facility as
ineligible for delivery, deposit, or acceptance of a petroleum product or other
regulated substance if one or more underground storage tanks at the facility
has been classified as ineligible for more than 90 days and the ineligible
underground storage tank has neither been closed in
accordance with 9VAC25-580-310 or 9VAC25-580-320 nor returned to compliance.
The board shall provide written notice to the owner and operator pursuant to
subdivision G 1 of this section that it will conduct an informal fact finding
pursuant to § 2.2-4019 of the Code of Virginia to determine whether all
the underground storage tanks shall be ineligible for delivery, deposit, or
acceptance of a petroleum product or other regulated substance. The fact
finding shall be scheduled as soon as practicable after the notice, and within
10 business days in any event.
G. Notice.
1. The board shall provide written notice of an informal fact
finding to consider delivery prohibition to the owner and operator. The notice
shall meet the requirements of § 2.2-4019 of the Code of Virginia. The
notice shall further advise the owner and operator of the possibility of a
special order pursuant to subsection I of this section.
2. The presence of the delivery prohibition tag on the fill
pipe of an ineligible underground storage tank shall be sufficient notice to
any person, including the owner, the operator, and product deliverers, that the
underground storage tank is ineligible for delivery or deposit. The board may
use other methods in addition to the delivery prohibition tag to provide notice
to product deliverers.
H. An owner or operator shall notify the board in writing once
an ineligible underground storage tank has been returned to compliance and
provide a written report detailing all actions that have been taken to return
the UST system to compliance, as well as supporting evidence such as test
reports, invoices, receipts, inventory records, etc. As soon as practicable
after confirming that the underground storage tank is in compliance with the
requirements of this chapter or 9VAC25-590, or both, but in no event later than
two business days, the board shall remove or authorize the owner or operator,
in writing, to remove the delivery prohibition tag.
I. If the board determines that a violation exists that
warrants the imposition of delivery prohibition, the board may further consider
whether the threat posed by the violation is outweighed by the need for fuel
from the underground storage tank in question to meet an
emergency situation or the need for availability of or access to motor fuel in
any rural and remote area. If the board finds that such a condition outweighs
the immediate risk of the violation, the board may defer imposition of delivery
prohibition for up to 180 days. In every such case the director shall consider
(i) issuing a special order under the authority of subdivision 9
of § 10.1-1186 of the Code of Virginia prescribing a prompt schedule for
abating the violation and (ii) imposing a civil penalty.
J. The board may temporarily authorize an owner or operator to
accept delivery into an ineligible underground storage tank
if such activity is necessary to test or calibrate the underground storage
tank or dispenser system.
K. Nothing in this section shall prevent the board or the
director from exercising any other enforcement authority including, without
limitation, their authority to issue emergency orders and their authority to
seek injunctive relief.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC
§ 6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 26, Issue 25, eff.
September 15, 2010; amended, Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff. January
1, 2018.
APPENDIX I. (Repealed.)
APPENDIX II.
(Repealed.)
Part X
UST Systems with Field-Constructed Tanks and Airport Hydrant Fuel Distribution
Systems
9VAC25-580-380. General requirements.
A. Implementation of requirements. Owners and
operators must comply with the requirements of this part for UST systems with
field-constructed tanks and airport hydrant systems as follows:
1. For UST systems installed before January 1, 2018, the
requirements are effective according to the following schedule:
|
|
Requirement
|
Effective Date
|
|
|
Upgrading UST systems; general operating requirements;
and operator training
|
January 1, 2021
|
|
|
Release detection
|
January 1, 2021
|
|
|
Release reporting, response, and investigation; closure;
financial responsibility and notification (except as provided in subsection B
of this section)
|
January 1, 2018
|
2. For UST systems installed on or after January 1, 2018,
the requirements apply at installation.
B. Not later than January 1, 2021, all owners of previously
deferred UST systems must submit a one-time notice of tank system existence to
the board, using the UST Notification Form. Owners and operators of UST systems
in use as of January 1, 2018, must demonstrate financial responsibility at the
time of submission of the notification form.
C. Except as provided in 9VAC25-580-390, owners and operators
must comply with the requirements of Parts I (9VAC25-580-10 et seq.) through
VII (9VAC25-580-310 et seq.) and IX (9VAC25-580-370 et seq.) of this chapter
and 9VAC25-590.
D. In addition to the codes of practice listed in
9VAC25-580-50, owners and operators may use military construction criteria,
such as Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 3-460-01, Petroleum Fuel Facilities,
when designing, constructing, and installing airport hydrant systems and UST
systems with field-constructed tanks.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC §
6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff.
January 1, 2018; Errata, 34:4 VA.R. 504 October 16, 2017.
9VAC25-580-390. Additions, exceptions, and alternatives for
UST systems with field-constructed tanks and airport hydrant systems.
A. Exception to piping secondary containment requirements.
Owners and operators may use single walled piping when installing or replacing
piping associated with UST systems with field-constructed tanks greater than
50,000 gallons and piping associated with airport hydrant systems. Piping
associated with UST systems with field-constructed tanks less than or equal to
50,000 gallons not part of an airport hydrant system must meet the secondary
containment requirement when installed or replaced.
B. Upgrade requirements. Not later than January 1, 2021,
airport hydrant systems and UST systems with field-constructed tanks where
installation commenced before January 1, 2018, must meet the following
requirements or be permanently closed pursuant to Part VII (9VAC25-580-310 et
seq.) of this chapter.
1. Corrosion protection. UST system components in contact
with the ground that routinely contain regulated substances must meet one of
the following:
a. Except as provided in subsection A of this section, the
new UST system performance standards for tanks at subdivision 1 of 9VAC25-580-50
and for piping at subdivision 2 at 9VAC25-580-50; or
b. Be constructed of metal and cathodically protected
according to a code of practice developed by a nationally recognized
association or independent testing laboratory and meets the following:
(1) Cathodic protection must meet the requirements of
subdivisions 1 b (2), (3), and (4) of 9VAC25-580-50 for tanks and subdivisions
2 b (2), (3), and (4) of 9VAC25-580-50 for piping.
(2) Tanks older than 10 years without cathodic protection
must be assessed to ensure the tank is structurally sound and free of corrosion
holes prior to adding cathodic protection. The assessment must be by internal
inspection or another method determined by the board to adequately assess the
tank for structural soundness and corrosion holes.
Note: The following codes of practice may be used to comply
with subsection B of this section:
(a) NACE International Standard Practice SP0285, External
Control of Underground Storage Tank Systems by Cathodic Protection;
(b) NACE International Standard Practice SP0169, Control of
External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems;
(c) National Leak Prevention Association Standard 631,
Chapter C, Internal Inspection of Steel Tanks for Retrofit of Cathodic
Protection; or
(d) American Society for Testing and Materials Standard
G158, Standard Guide for Three Methods of Assessing Buried Steel Tanks.
2. Spill and overfill prevention equipment. To prevent
spilling and overfilling associated with product transfer to the UST system,
all UST systems with field-constructed tanks and airport hydrant systems must
comply with new UST system spill and overfill prevention equipment requirements
specified in subdivision 3 of 9VAC25-580-50.
C. Walkthrough inspections. In addition to the walkthrough
inspection requirements in 9VCA25-580-85, owners and operators must inspect the
following additional areas for airport hydrant systems at least once every 30
days if confined space entry according to the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (see 29 CFR Part 1910) is not required or at least annually if
confined space entry is required and keep documentation of the inspection
according to 9VAC25-580-85 B.
1. Hydrant pits – visually check for any damage, remove any
liquid or debris, and check for any leaks; and
2. Hydrant piping vaults – check for any hydrant piping
leaks.
D. Release detection. Owners and operators of UST systems
with field-constructed tanks and airport hydrant systems must begin meeting the
release detection requirements described in this part not later than January 1,
2021.
1. Methods of release detection for field-constructed tanks
and airport hydrant systems. Owners and operators of shop fabricated
USTs that are part of airport hydrant systems and field-constructed tanks with
a capacity less than or equal to 50,000 gallons must meet the release detection
requirements in Part IV (9VAC25-580-130 et seq.) of this chapter. Owners and
operators of field-constructed tanks with a capacity greater than 50,000
gallons must meet either the requirements in Part IV of this chapter (except
subdivisions 5 and 6 of 9VAC25-580-160 must be combined with inventory control
as stated in this subdivision) or use one or a combination of the following
alternative methods of release detection:
a. Conduct an annual tank tightness test that can detect a
0.5 gallon per hour leak rate;
b. Use an automatic tank gauging system to perform release
detection at least every 30 days that can detect a leak rate less than or equal
to one gallon per hour. This method must be combined with a tank tightness test
that can detect a 0.2 gallon per hour leak rate performed at least every three
years;
c. Use an automatic tank gauging system to perform release
detection at least every 30 days that can detect a leak rate less than or equal
to two gallons per hour. This method must be combined with a tank tightness
test that can detect a 0.2 gallon per hour leak rate performed at least every
two years;
d. Perform vapor monitoring (conducted in accordance with
subdivision 5 of 9VAC25-580-160 for a tracer compound placed in the tank
system) capable of detecting a 0.1 gallon per hour leak rate at least every two
years;
e. Perform inventory control (conducted in accordance with
Department of Defense Directive 4140.25, ATA Airport Fuel Facility Operations
and Maintenance Guidance Manual, or equivalent procedures) at least every 30
days that can detect a leak equal to or less than 0.5% of flow-through; and
(1) Perform a tank tightness test that can detect a 0.5
gallon per hour leak rate at least every two years; or
(2) Perform vapor monitoring or groundwater monitoring
(conducted in accordance with subdivision 5 or 6 of 9VAC25-580-160,
respectively, for the stored regulated substance) at least every 30 days; or
f. Another method approved by the board if the owner and
operator can demonstrate that the method can detect a release as effectively as
any of the methods allowed in subdivisions D 1 a through D 1 e of this section.
In comparing methods, the board shall consider the size of release that the
method can detect and the frequency and reliability of detection.
2. Methods of release detection for piping. Owners and
operators of underground piping associated with field-constructed tanks less
than or equal to 50,000 gallons must meet the release detection requirements in
Part IV of this chapter. Owners and operators of underground piping associated
with airport hydrant systems and field-constructed tanks greater than 50,000
gallons must follow either the requirements in Part IV (except subdivisions 5
and 6 of 9VAC25-580-160 must be combined with inventory control as stated in
this subdivision) or use one or a combination of the following alternative
methods of release detection:
a. (1) Perform a semiannual or annual line tightness test
at or above the piping operating pressure in accordance with the following
table:
|
|
Maximum Leak Detection Rate Per Test Section Volume
|
|
|
Test Section Volume
(Gallons)
|
Semiannual Test -
Leak Detection Rate Not To Exceed (Gallons Per Hour)
|
Annual Test -
Leak Detection Rate Not To Exceed (Gallons Per Hour)
|
|
|
< 50,000
|
1.0
|
0.5
|
|
|
≥ 50,000 to < 75,000
|
1.5
|
0.75
|
|
|
≥ 75,000 to < 100,000
|
2.0
|
1.0
|
|
|
≥ 100,000
|
3.0
|
1.5
|
(2) Piping segment volumes equal to or greater than 100,000
gallons not capable of meeting the maximum 3.0 gallons per hour leak rate for
the semiannual test may be tested at a leak rate up to 6.0 gallons per hour
according to the following schedule:
|
|
Phase in for Piping Segments ≥ 100,000 Gallons in
Volume
|
|
|
First test
|
Not later than January 1, 2021, (may use up to 6.0 gph
leak rate)
|
|
|
Second test
|
Between January 1, 2021, and January 1, 2024, (may use up
to 6.0 gph leak rate)
|
|
|
Third test
|
Between January 1, 2024, and January 1, 2025, (must use
3.0 gph for leak rate)
|
|
|
Subsequent tests
|
After January 1, 2025, begin using semiannual or annual
line testing according to the Maximum Leak Detection Rate Per Test Section
Volume table above
|
b. Perform vapor monitoring (conducted in accordance with
subdivision 5 of 9VAC25-580-160 for a tracer compound placed in the tank
system) capable of detecting a 0.1 gallon per hour leak rate at least every two
years;
c. Perform inventory control (conducted in accordance with
Department of Defense Directive 4140.25, ATA Airport Fuel Facility Operations
and Maintenance Guidance Manual, or equivalent procedures) at least every 30
days that can detect a leak equal to or less than 0.5% of flow-through; and
(1) Perform a line tightness test (conducted in accordance
with subdivision 2 a of this subsection using the leak rates for the semiannual
test) at least every two years; or
(2) Perform vapor monitoring or groundwater monitoring
(conducted in accordance with subdivision 5 or 6 of 9VAC25-580-160,
respectively, for the stored regulated substance) at least every 30 days; or
d. Another method approved by the board if the owner and
operator can demonstrate that the method can detect a release as effectively as
any of the methods allowed in subdivisions D 2 a, D 2 b, and D 2 c of this
section. In comparing methods, the board shall consider the size of release
that the method can detect and the frequency and reliability of detection.
3. Recordkeeping for release detection. Owners and
operators must maintain release detection records according to the
recordkeeping requirements in 9VAC25-580-180.
E. Applicability of closure requirements to previously
closed UST systems. When directed by the board, the owner and operator
of an UST system with field-constructed tanks or airport hydrant system
permanently closed before January 1, 2018, must assess the excavation zone and
close the UST system in accordance with Part VII of this chapter if releases
from the UST may, in the judgment of the board, pose a current or potential
threat to human health and the environment.
Statutory Authority
§§ 62.1-44.15 and 62.1-44.34:9 of the Code of Virginia; 42 USC §
6901 et seq.; 40 CFR Parts 280 and 281.
Historical Notes
Derived from Virginia Register Volume 34, Issue 1, eff.
January 1, 2018; Errata, 34:4 VA.R. 504 October 16, 2017.
Forms (9VAC25-580)
Notification
for Underground Storage Tanks (USTs), Virginia DEQ Water Form 7530‑3
(rev. 1/2018)
Notification
for Underground Storage Tanks (USTs), Virginia DEQ Water Form 7530‑3
instructions (rev. 1/2018)
Notification
for Underground Storage Tanks Change of Ownership by Former Owner, Virginia DEQ
Water Form 7530‑3A (rev. 4/2016)
Notification
for Underground Storage Tanks Change of Ownership by Former Owner, Virginia DEQ
Water Form 7530‑3A instructions (rev. 4/2016)
Notification
for Underground Storage Tanks Multiple Facility Amendment by Currently
Registered Owner, Virginia DEQ Water Form 7530‑3B (rev. 4/2016)
Notification
for Underground Storage Tanks Multiple Facility Amendment by Currently
Registered Owner, Virginia DEQ Water Form 7530‑3B instructions (rev.
4/2016)
Notification
for Underground Storage Tanks (USTs) Change of Ownership for UST Facility,
Virginia DEQ Water Form 7530‑3C (rev. 1/2018)
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