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Virginia Law

Code of Virginia

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Chapter 11.
Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Courts
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  • Article 2.
    Organization and Personnel
    Read all
    • § 16.1-230
    Organization and operation of juvenile and domestic relations district courts
    § 16.1-231
    Rules of procedure
    § 16.1-232
    Attorney for the Commonwealth to prosecute certain cases and represent Commonwealth on appeal
    § 16.1-233
    Department to develop court services; court services units; appointment and removal of employees; salaries
    § 16.1-234
    Duties of Department; provision of quarters, utilities, and office equipment to court service unit
    § 16.1-235
    How probation, parole and related court services provided
    § 16.1-235.1
    Provision of court services; replacement intake officers
    § 16.1-236
    Supervisory officers
    § 16.1-236.1
    Court services unit directors
    § 16.1-237
    Powers, duties and functions of probation and parole officers
    § 16.1-238
    Compensation of probation officers, court service staff members and related court service personnel; reimbursement; traveling and other expenses
    § 16.1-239
    Payment of traveling expenses of court officers; reimbursement
    § 16.1-240
    Citizens advisory council
  • Article 3.
    Jurisdiction and Venue
    Read all
    • § 16.1-241
    Jurisdiction; consent for abortion
    § 16.1-241.1
    Repealed
    § 16.1-241.2
    Proceedings against certain parents
    § 16.1-241.3
    Newborn children; substance abuse
    § 16.1-242
    Retention of jurisdiction
    § 16.1-242.1
    Retention of jurisdiction; appeals involving children in foster care
    § 16.1-243
    Venue
    § 16.1-244
    Concurrent jurisdiction; exceptions
    § 16.1-245
    Transfer from other courts
    § 16.1-245.1
    Medical evidence admissible in juvenile and domestic relations district court
    § 16.1-245.2
    Evidence of medical reports, statements, or records; testimony of health care provider or custodian of records in juvenile and domestic relations district court; custody, visitation, placement, and support cases
  • Article 4.
    Immediate Custody, Arrest, Detention and Shelter Care
    Read all
    • § 16.1-246
    When and how child may be taken into immediate custody
    § 16.1-247
    Duties of person taking child into custody
    § 16.1-247.1
    Custodial interrogation of a child; parental notification and contact; inadmissibility of statement
    § 16.1-248
    Repealed
    § 16.1-248.1
    Criteria for detention or shelter care
    § 16.1-248.2
    Mental health screening and assessment for certain juveniles
    § 16.1-248.3
    Medical records of juveniles in secure facility
    § 16.1-249
    Places of confinement for juveniles
    § 16.1-249.1
    Places of confinement to give notice of intake of certain persons
    § 16.1-250
    Procedure for detention hearing
    § 16.1-250.1
    Repealed
    § 16.1-251
    Emergency removal order
    § 16.1-252
    Preliminary removal order; hearing
    § 16.1-253
    Preliminary protective order
    § 16.1-253.1
    Preliminary protective orders in cases of family abuse; confidentiality
    § 16.1-253.2
    Violation of provisions of protective orders; penalties
    § 16.1-253.3
    Repealed
    § 16.1-253.4
    Emergency protective orders authorized in certain cases; penalty
    § 16.1-254
    Responsibility for and limitation on transportation of children
    § 16.1-255
    Limitation on issuance of detention orders for juveniles; appearance by juvenile
    § 16.1-256
    Limitations as to issuance of warrants for juveniles; detention orders
    § 16.1-257
    Interference with or obstruction of officer; concealment or removal of child
    § 16.1-258
    Bonds and forfeitures thereof
  • Article 6.
    Appointment of Counsel
    Read all
    • § 16.1-266
    Appointment of counsel and guardian ad litem
    § 16.1-266.1
    Standards for attorneys appointed as guardians ad litem; list of qualified attorneys; attorneys appointed for parents or guardians
    § 16.1-266.2
    Appointment of pro bono counsel by judges of the First and Second Judicial District in certain cases
    § 16.1-267
    Compensation of appointed counsel
    § 16.1-268
    Order of appointment
  • Article 8.
    Adjudication
    Read all
    • § 16.1-273
    Court may require investigation of social history and preparation of victim impact statement
    § 16.1-274
    Time for filing of reports; copies furnished to attorneys; amended reports; fees
    § 16.1-274.1
    Admission of evidence of juvenile's age
    § 16.1-274.2
    Certain education records as evidence
    § 16.1-275
    Physical and mental examinations and treatment; nursing and medical care
    § 16.1-276
    Fees and travel expenses of witnesses
    § 16.1-276.1
    Repealed
    § 16.1-276.2
    Transportation orders in certain proceedings
    § 16.1-276.3
    Use of telephonic communication systems or electronic video and audio communication systems to conduct hearing
    § 16.1-276.4
    Use of restraints on juveniles in court prohibited; exceptions
    § 16.1-277
    Repealed
    § 16.1-277.02
    (Effective until January 1, 2026) Petition for relief of care and custody
    § 16.1-277.01
    Approval of entrustment agreement
    § 16.1-277.1
    Time limitation
    § 16.1-277.2
    Rejection of plea agreement; recusal
    § 16.1-277.02
    (Effective January 1, 2026) Petition for relief of care and custody
  • Article 10.
    Probation and Parole
    Read all
    • § 16.1-291
    Revocation or modification of probation, protective supervision or parole; proceedings; disposition
    § 16.1-292
    Violation of court order by any person
    § 16.1-293
    Supervision of juvenile or person during commitment and on parole; placing juvenile in halfway house
    § 16.1-293.1
    Mental health services transition plan
    § 16.1-294
    Placing child on parole in foster home or with institution; how cost paid
    § 16.1-295
    Transfer of supervision from one county or city to another, or to another state
  • Article 12.
    Confidentiality and Expungement
    Read all
    • § 16.1-299
    (Effective until July 1, 2026) Fingerprints and photographs of juveniles
    § 16.1-299
    (Effective July 1, 2026) Fingerprints, palm prints, and photographs of juveniles
    § 16.1-299.1
    Sample required for DNA analysis upon conviction or adjudication of felony
    § 16.1-299.2
    Repealed
    § 16.1-300
    Confidentiality of Department records
    § 16.1-301
    Confidentiality of juvenile law-enforcement records; disclosures to school principal and others
    § 16.1-302
    Dockets, indices, and order books; when hearings and records private; right to public hearing; presence of juvenile in court
    § 16.1-302.1
    Right of victim or representative to attend certain proceedings; notice of hearings
    § 16.1-303
    Reports of court officials and employees when privileged
    § 16.1-304
    Repealed
    § 16.1-305
    Confidentiality of court records
    § 16.1-305.01
    Access to child and spousal support case files
    § 16.1-305.1
    Disclosure of disposition in certain delinquency cases
    § 16.1-305.2
    Disclosure of notice of the filing of a petition and certain reports by division superintendent
    § 16.1-306
    Expungement of court records
    § 16.1-307
    Circuit court records regarding juveniles
    § 16.1-308
    Effect of adjudication on status of child
    § 16.1-309
    Penalty
    § 16.1-309.1
    Exception as to confidentiality
  • Article 12.1.
    Virginia Juvenile Community Crime Control Act
    Read all
    • § 16.1-309.2
    Purpose and intent
    § 16.1-309.3
    Establishment of a community-based system of services; biennial local plan; quarterly report
    § 16.1-309.4
    Statewide plan for juvenile services
    § 16.1-309.5
    Construction, etc., of detention homes and other facilities; reimbursement in part by Commonwealth
    § 16.1-309.6
    How state appropriations for operating costs of Juvenile Community Crime Control Act programs determined; notice of financial aid
    § 16.1-309.7
    Determination of payment
    § 16.1-309.8
    Costs of maintenance of juveniles in Community Crime Control Act programs
    § 16.1-309.9
    Establishment of standards; determination of compliance
    § 16.1-309.10
    Visitation and management of detention homes; other facilities; reports of superintendent
    § 16.1-309.11
    Youth justice diversion program
  • Article 13.
    Facilities for Detention and Other Residential Care
    Read all
    • § 16.1-310
    Repealed
    § 16.1-315
    Joint or regional citizen detention commissions authorized
    § 16.1-316
    Number and terms of members; admission of additional local governing bodies
    § 16.1-317
    Quorum; chairman; rules of procedure; compensation
    § 16.1-318
    Powers of commission generally; supervision by Director of Department of Juvenile Justice
    § 16.1-319
    Acquisition of property by commission
    § 16.1-320
    Property of commission exempt from execution and judgment liens
    § 16.1-321
    Appropriations by political subdivisions; issuance of bonds
    § 16.1-322
    Record of commission; reports
  • Article 13.1.
    Funding of Local Juvenile Facilities, Programs and Certain Court Service Units
    Read all
    • § 16.1-322.1
    Apportionment of funds to localities or commissions operating juvenile secure detention facilities or programs; standards for apportionment
    § 16.1-322.2
    Payment of funds quarterly; distribution and reallocation of reserve
    § 16.1-322.3
    Localities and commissions to make monthly reports to Director; penalty for willfully falsifying information; procedure when locality or commission fails to make report
    § 16.1-322.4
    Payments for children from other counties or cities
  • Article 13.2.
    Private Operation of Juvenile Detention Facilities
    Read all
    • § 16.1-322.5
    State Board may authorize private construction, operation, etc., of local or regional detention homes, etc.
    § 16.1-322.6
    Powers and duties not delegable to contractor
    § 16.1-322.7
    State Board to promulgate regulations
  • Article 14.1.
    Serious or Habitual Offender Comprehensive Action Program
    Read all
    • § 16.1-330.1
    Serious or Habitual Offender Comprehensive Action Program; definition; disclosure of information; penalty
    § 16.1-330.2
    Immunity
  • Article 16.
    Psychiatric Treatment of Minors Act
    Read all
    • § 16.1-335
    Short title
    § 16.1-336
    Definitions
    § 16.1-336.1
    Admission forms
    § 16.1-337
    Inpatient treatment of minors; general applicability; disclosure of records
    § 16.1-337.1
    Order of involuntary commitment or mandatory outpatient treatment forwarded to Central Criminal Records Exchange; certain voluntary admissions forwarded to Central Criminal Records Exchange; firearm background check
    § 16.1-338
    Parental admission of minors younger than 14 and nonobjecting minors 14 years of age or older
    § 16.1-339
    Parental admission of an objecting minor 14 years of age or older
    § 16.1-339.1
    Minors in detention homes or shelter care facilities
    § 16.1-340
    Emergency custody; issuance and execution of order
    § 16.1-340.1
    Involuntary temporary detention; issuance and execution of order
    § 16.1-340.1:1
    Facility of temporary detention
    § 16.1-340.2
    Transportation of minor in the temporary detention process
    § 16.1-340.3
    Release of minor prior to commitment hearing for involuntary admission
    § 16.1-340.4
    Involuntary commitment; preadmission screening report
    § 16.1-341
    Involuntary commitment; petition; hearing scheduled; notice and appointment of counsel
    § 16.1-342
    Involuntary commitment; clinical evaluation
    § 16.1-343
    Involuntary commitment; duties of attorney for the minor
    § 16.1-344
    Involuntary commitment; hearing
    § 16.1-345
    Involuntary commitment; criteria
    § 16.1-345.1
    Use of electronic communication
    § 16.1-345.2
    Mandatory outpatient treatment; criteria; orders
    § 16.1-345.3
    Monitoring mandatory outpatient treatment; motion for review
    § 16.1-345.4
    Court review of mandatory outpatient treatment plan
    § 16.1-345.5
    Continuation of mandatory outpatient treatment order
    § 16.1-345.6
    Appeal of final order
    § 16.1-346
    Treatment plans; periodic review of status
    § 16.1-346.1
    Discharge plan
    § 16.1-347
    Fees and expenses for qualified evaluators
    § 16.1-348
    Availability of judge
  • Article 17.
    Standby Guardianship
    Read all
    • § 16.1-349
    Definitions
    § 16.1-350
    Petition for court approval of standby guardian
    § 16.1-351
    Court order approving standby guardianship; authority; when effective
    § 16.1-352
    Written designation of a standby guardian by a parent; commencement of authority; court approval required
    § 16.1-353
    Further proceedings to determine permanent guardianship, custody
    § 16.1-354
    Revocation, refusal, termination of standby guardianship
    § 16.1-355
    Review of standby guardianship
  • Article 18.
    Juvenile Competency
    Read all
    • § 16.1-356
    Raising question of competency to stand trial; evaluation and determination of competency
    § 16.1-357
    Disposition when juvenile found incompetent
    § 16.1-358
    Disposition of the unrestorably incompetent juvenile
    § 16.1-359
    Litigating certain issues when the juvenile is incompetent
    § 16.1-360
    Disclosure by juvenile during evaluation or restoration; use at guilt phase of trial adjudication or disposition hearing
    § 16.1-361
    Compensation of experts